0.375%罗哌卡因在腹腔镜胃癌根治术超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞中的镇痛效果及安全性

目的 探讨0.375%罗哌卡因在腹腔镜胃癌根治术超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞中的镇痛效果及安全性。方法 依据罗哌卡因的不同浓度将102例胃癌患者分为A组（n=50）和B组（n=52）,A组患者给予0.375%罗哌卡因超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞,B组患者给予0.250%罗哌卡因超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞。比较两组患者的静息及运动时疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）]、舒适度[舒适度量表（BCS）]、术后镇痛效果（首次按压镇痛泵时间、24 h内按压次数及舒芬太尼用量）、不良反应发生情况。结果 术后2、8、16、24 h,A组患者静息和运动状态下的VAS评分均低于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。术后2、8、16、24 h,A组患者的BCS评分均明显高于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。两组患者术后首次按压镇痛泵时间、术后24 h内按压次数及舒芬太尼用量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。A组患者不良反应总发生率为20.00%,与B组患者的23.08%比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论 0.375%罗哌卡因在腹腔镜胃癌根治术超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞中的镇痛效果优于0....     

宫颈癌病人术后硬膜外自控镇痛效果的研究

目的 观察等效价浓度的左旋布比卡因、罗哌卡因及布比卡因用于官颈癌病人术后硬膜外镇痛的效果和副作用.方法 选择择期行宫颈癌的病人60例,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级.随机分为左旋布比卡因组(L组),罗哌卡因组(R组)和布比卡因组(B组),每组20例.术后分别采用0.12%左旋布比卡因(L组)、0.16%罗哌卡因(R组)、0.12%布比卡因(B组)复合2.5 μg/ml芬太尼,行病人自控硬膜外镇痛.观察各组术后48 h内的镇痛效果、排气时间、心率、血压和不良反应.结果 三组病人在术后4 h,8 h,16h,24 h,48 h的VAS疼痛评分、改良Bromage评分及不良反应发生情况,各组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);三组术后最早肛门排气时间差异有显著性(P<0.05).且L组和R组明显多于B组(P<0.01).结论 0.12%左旋布比卡因,0.16%罗哌卡因与0.12%布比卡因用于宫颈癌术后硬膜外镇痛,均能取得满意的镇痛效果,但0.12%左旋布比卡因与0.16%罗哌卡因较0.12%布比卡因更能有效地促进术后肠道功能的恢复,有利于术后康复.     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于妇科肿瘤手术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床观察

目的:观察舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于妇科肿瘤术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床效果。方法:随机选择妇科肿瘤手术患者90例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,年龄32-53岁,体重42-61kg。随机分为三组,每组30例。A组:镇痛泵配方为0.2%罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼0.5μg/ml+氟哌利多5mg+生理盐水稀释至100ml。B组:镇痛泵配方为0.2%罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼0.75μg/ml+氟哌利多5mg+生理盐水稀释至100ml;C组:镇痛泵配方为0.2%罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼1.0μg/ml+氟哌利多5mg+生理盐水稀释至100ml。三组镇痛泵均设置为维持量2ml/h,自控给药剂量0.5ml/次,锁定时间15min。对术后即刻、6h、12h、24h进行镇痛镇静评分并观察不良反应。结果:三组患者镇痛镇静评分比较,B组和C组低于A组,有统计学差异(P<0.05),B组和C组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。不良反应比较,A组和B组少于C组,有统计学差异(P<0.05),A组和B组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:舒芬太尼用于妇科肿瘤术后硬膜外自控镇痛安全有效,而以舒芬太尼0.75μg/ml剂量的配方镇痛效果好,不良反应小。     

不同剂量的氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞对妇科腔镜术后镇痛的影响

目的:研究不同剂量的氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞对妇科腹腔镜手术术后镇痛的影响。方法:选择拟在择期全麻下行妇科腔镜手术的患者120例,采用随机数表法将患者分为四组,四组罗哌卡因的浓度和剂量都相同,对照组(C组)加入生理盐水,实验组加入氢吗啡酮,分组为低剂量组（L组,0.25 mg氢吗啡酮）、中剂量组（M组,0.5 mg氢吗啡酮）、高剂量组（H组,1 mg氢吗啡酮）。全麻诱导后行双侧腹横肌平面阻滞。记录各组手术及拔管时间;术中镇痛及镇静药物的总量,术后8 h、12 h、24 h的静息及下床运动时镇痛评分（VAS）,首次按压镇痛泵的时间及48 h内按压次数,术后恶心呕吐及皮肤瘙痒的发生率。结果:与C组相比,M组和H组在术中镇痛,镇静药物用量,术后镇痛泵按压次数,术后8 h、12 h、24 h的静息及运动时VAS评分均减少（P<0.05）;且四组中M组术后拔管用时最短（P<0.05）;M组和H组首次按压镇痛泵时间明显延长,（P<0.05）;M组术后不良反应的发生率低于C组（P<0.05）。结论:氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞能有效减少术中镇痛镇静药用量,延长镇痛时间,减少术后不良反应发生率,0.5 mg的氢吗啡酮剂量较为有效。     

胸部肿瘤病人术后罗哌卡因镇痛的研究

 目的观察罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞对胸部肿瘤病人开胸手术后镇痛的效果。方法80例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级行开胸手术的患者随机分为两组,实验组于关胸前用罗哌卡因行切口附近胸椎处肋间神经阻滞麻醉,对照组未行此处理。两组病人术后均采用静脉病人自控镇痛泵(PCA),术后测定不同时间点的视觉疼痛评分(VAS)、记录首次应用PCA的时间、术后48hPCA有效按压次数及镇痛药累积使用量,并记录每组病人术后因肺不张而行支气管镜吸痰的人次。结果罗哌卡因肋间阻滞可以大大减轻开胸术后伤口的疼痛,减少术后镇痛药物的用量及肺不张的发生。结论罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞使用方便,镇痛效果好,可作为常规开胸术后的镇痛方法。     

罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于乳腺癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床观察

 目的 观察不同浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于乳腺癌根治术后硬膜外腔自控镇痛(patient controlled epidural analgesia,PCEA),比较其镇痛、镇静效果及较小安全有效浓度。方法 选择拟行乳腺癌根治手术患者75例,随机分为三组,每组25例。Ⅰ组：0.10%罗哌卡因+3 μg/ml芬太尼+0.10 mg/ml咪唑安定+0.10 mg/ml托烷司琼;Ⅱ组：0.125%罗哌卡因+3 μg/ml芬太尼+0.10 mg/ml+咪唑安定+0.10 μg/ml托烷司琼;Ⅲ组：0.15%罗哌卡因+3 μg/ml芬太尼+0.10 mg/ml咪唑安定+0.10 mg/ml托烷司琼,各组均加0.9%氯化钠溶液至100 ml,再行PCEA。监测患者镇痛开始后6、12、24、48 h各时点心率、平均动脉血压、呼吸频率、脉搏、血氧饱和度,VAS评分、Ramesay评分、Bro-mage评级;并记录镇静、镇痛满意度和不良反应。结果 各组VAS均值小于3分;各组病人镇痛期间各时点心率、平均动脉压、呼吸频率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;各组不同时点VAS评分、Bromage评级、Ramesay评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05）,各组间同一时点比较差异无统计学意义（Pvas=0.154, Pramesay=0.470）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ与Ⅲ组的Bromage比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.013）。结论 三组不同浓度的罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于乳腺癌术后硬膜外腔自控镇痛都是安全有效的;镇痛、镇静效果较好。0.10%罗哌卡因组运动阻滞发生率低,不良反应相对较少,0.10%罗哌卡因可能是最佳有效浓度。     

老年胃癌术后PCIA与PCEA的镇痛效果及对炎性因子水平的影响

目的 探讨老年胃癌术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)及硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)的效果及对炎性因子水平的影响.方法 收取进行胃癌切除术的患者83例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其进行分组,其中42例患者纳入A组,术后接受PCIA;41例患者纳入B组,术后接受PCEA.对比2组患者PCA按压次数,疼痛、镇静、舒适评分,炎性因子水平以及不良反应发生率.结果 A组术后各时间点PCA按压次数明显高于B组(P<0.05);A组术后各时间点疼痛、镇静评分均显著高于B组,舒适评分显著低于B组(P<0.05).2组患者术后各项炎性因子表达水平均显著高于手术前,A组各项指标均明显高于B组(P<0.05).A组不良反应发生率为33.3%,明显高于B组的12.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PCEA较PCIA具有更好的镇痛及镇静效果,有利于减轻术后炎症反应,安全性高,值得临床推广使用.     

舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯用于开胸手术后镇痛的效果

目的观察舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯用于开胸手术后镇痛的效果。方法将择期行开胸手术患者75例随机均分为A、B、C组,各组于手术结束前30 min静脉给予氟比洛芬酯100 mg,术后48 h行患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),A组PCIA配方为舒芬太尼100μg加氟比洛芬酯150 mg,B组为芬太尼0.5～0.6 mg加氟比洛芬酯150 mg,C组为芬太尼0.8～1.0 mg。记录术后0、4、8、24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分,同时记录术后24 h PCIA按压次数及毒副反应。结果 3组患者术后SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、VAS、镇静评分、PCIA按压次数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后24 h A、B组恶心、呕吐、嗜睡的患者均少于C组。结论舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯用于开胸手术后镇痛效果好,毒副反应轻。     

椎旁间隙置管用于肺癌术后镇痛18例分析

[目的]探讨椎旁间隙置管用于肺癌术后镇痛的临床疗效.[方法]将54例全身麻醉开胸肺癌患者随机平均分为三组.A组：肌注镇痛法,即术后疼痛时每次肌注哌替定1mg/kg;B组：自控硬膜外镇痛,药物配方为吗啡8mg＋0.125%布比卡因100ml,注入速度为2ml/h;C组：经壁层胸膜穿孔脊柱旁间隙置管单侧多根肋间神经连续阻滞术镇痛,关胸前直视下置管,接微量泵（ATRAVEOI 6200）以4～6 ml/h持续泵入0.15%利多卡因.比较三组肺癌患者术后6h、12h、24h及48h切口疼痛程度、镇痛副作用及肺部并发症的发生情况等.[结果]A组术后6h、12h、24h及48h的镇痛效果明显较B组和C组相同时间点差（P＜0.05）.B组和C组肺癌患者术后6h、12h、24h及48h镇痛效果均满意,两组间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.C组镇痛副作用及并发症较A组和B组明显减少（P＜0.05）.[结论]脊柱旁间隙置管用于肺癌术后镇痛简单、安全易行、效果良好.     

芬太尼与曲马多联合自控静脉镇痛用于肺癌根治术后的观察

 目的　本文旨在观察芬太尼、曲马多联合应用于肺癌根治术后的镇痛效果。方法　选择 2 4 0例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级肺癌根治术的患者 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 80例 :A组芬太尼 0 .8mg ;B组芬太尼 0 .4mg +曲马多 4 0 0mg ;C组曲马多 80 0mg。 结果　 (1)A、B组镇痛效果、患者满意程度明显优于C组且有极显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。 (2 )A组呼吸抑制为 2 .5 %而B、C组均为 0。C组恶心呕吐、头晕头昏与A、B组存在显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (3)B组芬太尼、曲马多用量比A、C组极显著减少 (P <0 .0 1)。 (4)PCA泵按压的有效次数 无效次数A≈B >C组。结论　芬太尼与曲马多联合自控静脉镇痛是用于肺癌根治术后较为安全、有效的方法。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Second-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-ifosfamide in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide.

In an effort to use antineoplastic drug combinations which are active in platinum resistant ovarian cancer or which can induce a second response after a platinum first-line treatment, we conducted a study on 30 ovarian cancer patients previously treated with carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide who were given ifosfamide 5 g/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 plus mesma combined with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 every 4 weeks as second-line treatment. Eight patients had never entered remission with first-line chemotherapy while 22 patients had tumor recurrence within 6 to 18 months after the end of chemotherapy and their tumors were considered potentially platinum sensitive. Responding patients received 6 courses while palliative treatment for nonresponders was provided. Of the 22 patients with tumor recurrence, 8 patients responded with one partial response (PR) and 7 complete clinical responses (CCR). Two out of the 8 patients with platinum resistant disease demonstrated short lasting PR. Seven patients with CCR underwent second-look operation and in two a pathological CR was documented. Median time to progression was 6 mo (4-12). The median overall survival was 12 mo (4-20). Myelotoxicity despite G-CSF administration was significant with grade 4 leukopenia in 40% and grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 20% of patients. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity was significant with 30% somnolence, 20% disorientation and an episode of grand-mal epilepsy ascribed to ifosfamide. With a 33% response rate the combination is as effective as new agents employed in relapsed ovarian cancer. Platinum-refractory disease may respond to a lesser degree. The most important determinant of response was the progression-free interval from first-line chemotherapy. Whether patients recurring after carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide have a greater chance to respond to cisplatin plus ifosfamide or vice-versa cannot be supported by the current data and therefore randomized studies should be performed to this end.