Fluid Flow History in Lower Triassic Bulgo Sandstone,Central Sydney Basin,Australia

INTRODUCTIONThe Sydney basin(Fig.1) forms the southernm ost partofthe Sydney- Gunnedah- Bowen basin system (Bembrick et al.,1973) .It started as a rift and evolved into a foreland basin inMiddle Triassic with sediments lapping unconformably on thedeformed and metamorphosed rocks of the L achlan fold belt inthe west and abutting the New England fold belt in thenortheast along the east- dipping Hunter thrust.The Sydneybasin is separated from the Gunnedah basin by the MountCoricudgy an…     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组含油气流体活动期次与石油充注史

利用显微荧光与包裹体显微测温技术,并结合烃源岩生排烃史分析,探讨了鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组含油气流体活动期次及石油充注历史。结果表明：陇东地区延长组烃源岩开始排烃的时期为早白垩世早期（约133 Ma）,主要存在两期含油气流体活动,第一期含油气流体活动发生在早白垩世主力源岩排烃期间（133~100 Ma）,第二期含油气流体活动发生在晚白垩世构造抬升期间（100~70 Ma）。早白垩世期间石油的充注表现为充注强弱程度不同的连续过程,晚白垩世以来生烃停止导致石油的充注与运移逐渐减弱并在晚白垩世末期基本停止。     

青藏高原昌都盆地上三叠统流体活动特征

对昌都盆地上三叠统采集的25块流体包裹体样品进行了显微观察和显微测温、测盐等系统分析。显微观察结果证实了研究区古油藏的存在,同时指示晚三叠世早期存在活跃的油气运聚过程,晚期受热改造破坏而残留大量沥青。显微测温结果表明上三叠统发生过至少6幕流体充注,第1～4幕含烃流体活动明显。结合埋藏史分析可知,可能存在两期流体活动,分别发生在188.6～181.8Ma(早侏罗世中期)和174.0～157.1Ma(中侏罗世早期到晚侏罗世中期),其中第2期流体活动特征表现为连续充注的过程。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲-清涧地区上古生界山32段储层砂岩成岩作用

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲-清涧地区上古生界山 32段砂岩储层以石英砂岩为主,其次为岩屑质石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩.目前储层正处于晚成岩阶段B期,成岩作用类型包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用,机械压实作用、压溶作用和自生黏土矿物的胶结作用是低孔低渗储层形成的主要原因,成岩晚期的溶蚀作用大大改善了砂岩储层的储集空间.根据成岩作用的特点,将研究区山 32段划分出5个成岩相:压实压溶相、弱压实-硅质胶结相、弱压实-自生黏土矿物胶结相、弱压实-碳酸盐胶结相、弱压实-溶蚀相.压实压溶相储层物性最差;弱压实-硅质胶结相、弱压实-自生黏土矿物胶结相和弱压实-碳酸盐胶结相储层的孔隙度、渗透率总体也很低;弱压实-溶蚀相储层的储集空间最发育、连通性最好,孔隙类型以粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔为主.     

Effects of igneous intrusions on coalbed methane potential, Gunnedah Basin, Australia

The Gunnedah Basin, NSW, Australia, contains more than 500 Gt of coal, and has been the subject of recent coalbed methane exploration. Large areas of the basin contain igneous intrusions and large areas of coal have been heat-affected as a consequence. A detailed study has been undertaken of coal seams intersected in a cored coalbed methane exploration drillhole in which two sill-form igneous intrusions are present. Comparisons are made between coals that are unaltered and coals that have been heat-affected, using petrographic and chemical data, coal seam gas desorption data, and gas chemical analysis data.Results demonstrate that the two igneous intrusions have had a very positive effect on coalbed methane development. The gas content in a number of heat-affected coal seams within thermal aureoles above and below the sills is substantially higher than in adjacent unaffected coal seams. In addition, the intrusions have had little effect on gas quality. The coals in the heat-affected zone were found to contain gas with approximately 95% methane. The coals in the thermal aureoles were found, under the microscope, to contain characteristic micropores and slits, which collectively may serve to enhance gas adsorption capacity, permeability, and gas desorption. Gas contents below each of the sills is substantially higher than above the sill, confirming earlier results that the sills appear to have acted as a reservoir seal, during and for some time after intrusion. The background coal rank in ACM Yannergee DDH 1 is in the high-volatile bituminous range. The igneous intrusions have resulted in an increase in rank such that large areas of coal have moved into the optimal thermogenic gas generation window. This rank increase has affected a major part of the coal-bearing sequence.     

华北东濮凹陷异常高压与流体活动及其对储集砂岩成岩作用的制约

Basin-Mod软件模拟显示东濮凹陷35Ma左右孔隙流体已出现较高异常压力，综合分析表明欠压实作用是发育异常高压的主要机制，处于异常高压带内的泥岩存在微裂隙带，是异常高压流体压裂的直接结果并可以成为流体运移的通道，通过典型研究区砂岩压实（溶）量，压实－胶结关系，沉积参数－储集物性的对比，表明异常高压流体的确对砂岩的压实作用具有抑制作用，另一方面，自生石英流体包体均一温度大部分在105－145℃之间，频数呈多峰式展布，可能显示幕式流体活动。该温度范围内由于没有有机酸的大规模生产，泥岩频繁发生的幕式流体泄压活动，使得富含CO3^2-的高压流体在注入砂岩（低压区）孔隙后易与Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Fe^2 等离子结合，导致砂岩储层发生强烈的（晚期）碳酸盐沉淀和胶结作用。     

流体包裹体在成岩作用研究中的应用

流体包裹体的研究已经被引入到沉积学和和石油地质学领域中,常用的研究方法主要有包裹体测温和包裹体成分分析。利用流体包裹体测温的数据。可以分析,判断沉积成岩和成藏作用发生时的流体特征和古地温梯度,恢复成岩环境。利用流体包裹体的成分特征可以判断成藏和成岩作用发生的时间,从而得出沉积盆地构造运动演化、成岩作用和油气运移的时序。     

准噶尔盆地乌尔禾地区二叠系风城组盐类矿物流体包裹体特征

二叠系风城组为准噶尔盆地乌尔禾地区重要的勘探层系,也是成因非常特殊的深湖相含盐火山-沉积建造。通过钻井岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X衍射、电子探针和包裹体显微测温等技术手段,较为详细地研究了风城组盐类矿物流体包裹体特征及成因。确定盐类矿物成矿流体属中-低温度(51.2~125.7℃)、中-高盐度(13.72%~24.93% NaCl)、中偏高密度(1.06~1.16g/cm3)的H2O-NaCl体系、并含有CH4气体的高碱性热卤水;提出风城组深湖相含盐火山-沉积建造与湖底热液喷流活动有关,推测下渗湖水与幔源岩浆水混合形成的深部高碱性热卤水失衡回返,萃取易溶盐类物质,最终通过湖底喷流口以热卤水形式喷发,与湖盆底部低浓度水混合"兑卤成盐",形成罕见、复杂盐类矿物组合。     

东胜直罗组砂岩成岩作用过程与古流体运移事件分析

通过分析岩矿薄片、流体包裹体、扫描电镜和阴极发光的测试结果,认为东胜地区直罗组经历了较复杂的成岩作用过程,成岩作用对砂岩物性影响较大。砂岩中低温热液矿物组合证明了古流体事件的存在。古流体以流体包裹体的形式在胶结物中得以保存。研究同时表明,直罗组砂岩中共发生过三幕古流体运移事件。其中第一、二幕记录于硅质胶结物中,主要为有机热流体事件,烃类与盐水包裹体共存,均一温度分别为89℃和124℃。第三幕主要记录于碳酸盐胶结物中,主要为无机热流体事件,只发育盐水包裹体,均一温度为163℃。强烈的胶结作用及多幕古流体事件的存在说明东胜地区直罗组砂岩中古流体活动频繁,有利于富铀流体在其中迁移和铀矿的沉淀、富集。     

层序界面对砂岩成岩作用及储层质量的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地延河露头上三叠统延长组为例

砂岩成岩作用及储层质量是油气勘探的重要研究内容,不同地区砂岩成岩作用及储层质量的主要控制因素各不相同。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东部延河露头剖面延长组长7上部—长4+5中部三角洲前缘—三角洲平原沉积为例,重点讨论三级层序界面（长16底）上下不同基准面半旋回中砂岩自生矿物、储集空间类型、储集性能和含油性差异及造成这些差异的原因。指出层序界面之下的下降半旋回中浊沸石和早期钙质砂岩结核的发育阻止了绿泥石等粘土矿物及自生石英和自生钠长石的发育,而界面之上的上升半旋回中因凝灰质不足以及地层温度较低造成浊沸石发育有限,加之受湖水影响较小而缺乏早期方解石胶结物,因而绿泥石等自生粘土矿物及自生石英和自生钠长石较为发育,并保留了一部分原生孔隙。层序界面及紧邻其上大规模发育的长16砂体成为流体运移的优势通道,是界面之上浊沸石、方解石胶结物及长石颗粒被酸性流体溶蚀形成次生孔隙的重要因素,也是石油的重要运移通道和储集体。     

龙女寺东端须家河组致密砂岩成岩作用及储层形成机理

摘要：致密砂岩作为非常规油气的重要载体,对其致密化成因及储层形成机理研究具有重要意义。利用钻井岩心、薄片观察、阴极发光和流体包裹体等手段,对川中地区龙女寺东端须家河组致密砂岩的成岩作用及储层形成机理进行研究。结果表明：龙女寺东端须家河组遭受了机械压实-压溶作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶蚀作用和构造破裂作用,机械压实作用和胶结作用是导致砂岩致密化的主要因素,溶蚀作用和破裂作用是储层形成的主要因素;须家河组目前处于中成岩A-B期,经历的流体活动主要有同生成岩期地表水沉淀早期方解石胶结和绿泥石薄膜,早成岩B期压溶作用控制石英Ⅰ期次生加大形成与孔隙流体溶解黏土矿物、长石和易溶岩屑等,中成岩A期大量油气充注促进石英Ⅱ、Ⅲ期次生加大与少量方解石溶解,中成岩B期燕山/喜山运动促进储层形成;储层形成机理主要涵盖残余原生孔的保存和次生孔的形成,有利的沉积环境、溶蚀作用、异常高压和构造破裂作用共同控制储层形成,有利的沉积环境、溶蚀作用和异常高压主要是保护残余原生孔和形成次生孔,构造破裂作用产生大量微裂缝,提高储层渗流能力,并为形成溶蚀扩大孔提供条件。     

鄂尔多斯盆地余兴庄—子洲地区上古生界山_2~3储层砂岩成岩作用与成岩相

鄂尔多斯盆地余兴庄—子洲地区上古生界山23亚段岩石类型主要为石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩,目前储层正处于晚成岩阶段B期甚至C期,储集层经历了压实、压溶、硅质胶结、碳酸盐胶结交代、高岭石胶结以及溶蚀等多种成岩作用。在成岩作用研究的基础上,通过大量的岩芯观察和薄片鉴定,结合阴极发光、X衍射、扫描电镜等方法,将研究区划分...     

松辽盆地北东区扶杨油层孔隙流体地球化学与砂岩成岩相研究

不同孔隙水成因的局部水动力单元是决定扶杨油层砂岩成岩相类型的重要因素之一。研究区可以划分出与局部水动力单元直接相关的四个成岩相:大气水淋滤成岩相、混合水成岩相、埋藏压实水成岩相和古蒸发浓缩水成岩相、各成岩相的成岩特征、自生矿物组合、孔隙成因与孔隙组合都有明显差别。     

四川盆地三叠系飞仙关组气藏储层成岩作用研究拾零

近年来在四川盆地三叠系飞仙关组鲕粒白云岩储层中发现的高含硫天然气三级储量已近1×1012 m3。鲕粒白云岩储层集中分布在含蒸发岩的层序中,储层中有残余石膏、硬石膏及它们的模孔、方解石铸模（假象）等,表明白云石化流体与蒸发海水有关。白云石化由层间古暴露面向下增强的成岩层序说明这种白云石化是成岩早期发生的,并可能有大气降水与蒸发海水混合的影响。白云岩样品各结构组分氧、碳同位素微区测试数据差别显著,这说明采用岩石混合样做研究白云石化成因的地球化学分析可能导致误解。飞仙关组的白云岩中多数保存了原岩结构幻影、结构残余或原岩的全部结构说明白云石化过程是等体积交代。白云岩储层中的孔隙是各种溶蚀孔而非白云石化等摩尔交代的体积收缩孔。飞仙关组高含硫气藏储层中沥青和溶蚀孔的关系表明深埋晚期溶蚀孔最发育。在溶液中碳酸的电离常数大大高于氢硫酸,飞仙关组高含硫气藏天然气组分中的CO2相对于H2S的质量亏损和储层中有富轻碳的高温方解石充填晚期溶孔、裂缝表明储层中的晚期溶解作用是由硫酸盐热还原过程（TSR）中生成的CO2引起的。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长6油层组储集层成岩作用及其影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6油层组储集层是受沉积作用和成岩作用共同控制的典型低孔低渗储集层.长6油层组储集层主要为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩.盆地北部砂体具有长石含量高和石英含量低的特点,西南地区具有长石含量低、石英含量高和杂基含量高的特点.储集空间以剩余粒间孔和次生溶蚀孔为主.主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用...     

Diagenesis and hydrocarbon emplacement in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstones in the southern Ordos Basin,China

The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin is a tight sandstone but productive hydrocarbon exploration target. A variety of analyses, including thin-sections, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence, isotope and fluid inclusion, have been used to analyse the reservoir petrology and diagenesis to understand the evolution of reservoir porosity. The sandstones are mostly feldspathic litharenites and lithic arkoses with low porosities (7.6% on average) and extremely low permeabilities (0.49 mD on average). A complex diagenetic alteration history of the reservoir caused different kinds of reduction in reservoir porosity. The carbonate cements are sourced from adjacent organic-rich mudstone and precipitated with a higher content near the edges of sandstone units and a lower content at the centres of sandstone units, resulting in two different diagenetic evolution paths. The analysis of porosity evolution history and hydrocarbon emplacement produced the following conclusions: (1) during the eodiagenesis period, mechanical compaction reduced the primary porosity dramatically from 40 to 19%; and (2) during the mesodiagenesis period, the first-phase oil charged the reservoir (porosity ranging from 14 to 19%) as bitumen along detrital grains forming a preferential pathway for subsequent oil emplacements. In the second-phase of oil charge, the reservoir porosity ranged from 9 to 14% limiting water–rock reactions. During the third-phase of oil charge, porosity of the reservoir remained at 9%. In general, the densification period (with a porosity close to 10%) of the reservoir occurs at the same time as the major oil emplacement and may be an explanation for the low oil saturation of the Chang 8 tight sandstone.     

川东三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩的阴极发光特征与成岩作用

四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组是近年来我国发现的重要天然气储层, 高孔隙度、高渗透率的碳酸盐储层都分布于白云岩地层中, 因而碳酸盐的成岩作用, 尤其是白云岩化作用和白云岩的成因为石油地质学家和沉积学家高度关注.对四川盆地东部罗家寨构造三叠系飞仙关组42个碳酸盐岩样品进行了阴极发光分析, 结合与之有关的Mn、Fe、Mg元素分析和岩石学研究, 讨论了包括白云岩化作用在内的碳酸盐岩成岩过程中可能的成岩流体性质及来源.四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩普遍具有很弱的阴极发光性, 这与其很低的Mn、Fe含量有关, 说明沉积期后非海相流体对飞仙关组碳酸盐岩的影响非常有限, 海源流体在成岩过程中发挥了主导作用; 不同石灰岩类型和不同白云岩类型仍然具有不同的阴极发光性, 成岩组分含量越高的碳酸盐岩, 或者说与沉积期后流体(主要是孔隙流体) 关系越密切的碳酸盐岩的阴极发光强度越低, 说明随着埋藏成岩作用的进行, 四川盆地东部三叠系碳酸盐岩孔隙流体受海源流体的影响是逐渐增强的; 阴极发光分析结果表明, 作为四川盆地东部主要储集岩的结晶白云岩形成机制与埋藏过程中的深循环流体有关, 这种深循环流体没有或很少穿越铝硅酸盐地层, 但穿越了三叠系内部的某些海相地层, 这些海相地层可能是广泛存在于四川盆地三叠系的蒸发盐地层, 由蒸发盐成岩过程提供的海源流体参与了结晶白云岩的白云岩化作用.      

鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组流体包裹体特征与油气成藏期次分析

采用显微荧光技术以及流体包裹体显微测温技术,结合鄂尔多斯盆地长9段储层油气埋藏史及地热史演化过程模拟,确定了该区油气运移的主要期次.系统分析表明,鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组油气主要经历了一期油气充注,只有峰2井存在较弱的二期油气充注;该油层组构造热事件主要发生在中生代晚期的早、中白垩世(130~100 Ma).     

Multiple Dolomitization and Fluid Flow Events in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

The Precambrian Dengying Formation is a set of large-scale, extensively dolomitized, carbonate reservoirs occurring within the Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical studies reveal dolomitization was a direct result of precipitation by chemically distinct fluids occurring at different times and at different intensities. Based on this evidence, dolomitization and multiple fluid flow events are analyzed, and three types of fluid evolution models are proposed. Results of analysis show that Precambrian Dengying Formation carbonates were deposited in a restricted peritidal environment(630–542 Ma). A high temperature and high Mg~(2+) concentration seawater was a direct result of dolomitization for the micrite matrix, and for fibrous aragonite in primary pores. Geochemical evidence shows low δ~(18)O values of micritic dolomite varying from-1.29‰ to-4.52‰ PDB, abundant light rare earth elements(REEs), and low dolomite order degrees. Microbes and meteoric water significantly altered dolomite original chemical signatures, resulting in algal micritic dolomite and the fine-grained, granular, dolosparite dolomite having very negative δ~(18)O values. Finely crystalline cement dolomite(536.3–280 Ma) and coarsely crystalline cement dolomite have a higher crystallization degree and higher order degree. The diagenetic sequence and fluid inclusion evidence imply a linear correlation between their burial depth and homogenization temperatures, which closely resemble the temperature of generated hydrocarbon. Compared with finely crystalline dolomite, precipitation of coarsely crystalline dolomite was more affected by restricted basinal fluids. In addition, there is a trend toward a more negative δ~(18)O value, higher salinity, higher Fe and Mn concentrations, REE-rich. Two periods of hydrothermal fluids are identified, as the exceptionally high temperatures as opposed to the temperatures of burial history, in addition to the presence of high salinity fluid inclusions. The early hydrothermal fluid flow event was characterized by hot magnesium-and silicon-rich fluids, as demonstrated by the recrystallized matrix dolomite that is intimately associated with flint, opal, and microcrystalline quartz in intergranular or intercrystalline pores. This event was likely the result of a seafloor hydrothermal chimney eruption during Episode I of the Tongwan Movement(536.3±5.5 Ma). In contrast, later hydrothermal fluids, which caused precipitation of saddle dolomite, were characterized by high salinity(15–16.05 wt% NaCl equivalent) and homogenization temperatures(250 to 265°C), δ~(18)O values that were more enriched, and REE signatures. Geochemical data and the paragenetic sequence indicate that this hydrothermal fluid was related to extensive Permian large igneous province activity(360–280 Ma). This study demonstrates the presence of complicated dolomitization processes occurring during various paleoclimates, tectonic cycles, and basinal fluids flow; results are a useful reference for these dolomitized Precambrian carbonates reservoirs.     

澳大利亚西北大陆架Bonaparte盆地Sahul区块Elang组成岩作用

Elang组是Bonaparte盆地Sahul区块的主要含油气层,属于浅海相三角洲前缘沉积,钻探结果表明研究区该套储层的物性呈现出"南好北差"的特点。利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜和X光衍射等多种方法和手段重点研究了Elang组砂岩的成岩作用特征。研究表明该套砂岩在区块南北的物理和化学成岩作用均不同,北部地区处于中成岩阶段的A1期,主要发育胶结、溶蚀等成岩作用;南部储层处于中成岩阶段的A2期和B期,主要发育机械压实和胶结、交代等成岩作用。这种差异成岩作用是影响储层孔隙发育的主控因素之一,也是导致储层物性北好南差的主要原因。研究这种差异性对于寻找有利储层发育区具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。