圆筒内横向流体与弹性管耦合的分域求解算法

海洋丛式井组隔水管和换热器管束等在流体作用下,会诱导管束振动及碰撞,导致管束断裂失效。将弹性管离散成梁单元,采用非线性结构动力学方程描述;将圆筒流体域离散成实体单元,采用计算流体动力学方程描述。在流固耦合界面处,推导了界面位移、速度和载荷计算公式及收敛判断准则,建立了圆筒内横向流体与弹性管耦合的分域求解算法。算例表明,其分域与全域求解计算结果吻合较好,本文算法为复杂流体域内多根管束的振动及碰撞问题求解提供行之有效的计算方法。     

SIMULATION OF TRANSVERSE VIBRATION OF SLENDER ROD STRING IN THE VERTICAL CYLINDER UNDER BUCKLING DISPLACEMENT EXCITATION1)

对于铅直圆筒内受交变拉压轴向载荷作用的细长杆柱,当杆柱底端所受到的轴向压力大于杆柱屈曲的临界载荷时,细长杆柱在圆筒内将产生螺旋屈曲,杆柱的屈曲变形将激励杆柱在圆筒内产生横向振动。以细长杆在圆筒内的瞬时屈曲构型作为杆柱横向振动的位移激励,建立了屈曲位移激励下的细长杆在圆筒内横向振动与杆管碰撞规律的仿真模型。采用有限差分法对井深进行离散,Newmark 法对时间进行离散,以恢复系数法建立了细长杆和圆筒的碰撞条件,对细长杆在圆筒内的横向振动数学模型进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,细长杆和圆筒内壁的碰撞现象主要发生在细长杆底端受压发生屈曲后,且几乎沿整个圆筒都有发生,从圆筒顶部至底部的碰撞力峰值逐渐增大;而在杆柱底端受拉时碰撞现象很少,碰撞力也较小。     

铅直圆筒内细长杆柱在屈曲位移激励下的横向振动仿真

对于铅直圆筒内受交变拉压轴向载荷作用的细长杆柱,当杆柱底端所受到的轴向压力大于杆柱屈曲的临界载荷时,细长杆柱在圆筒内将产生螺旋屈曲,杆柱的屈曲变形将激励杆柱在圆筒内产生横向振动。以细长杆在圆筒内的瞬时屈曲构型作为杆柱横向振动的位移激励,建立了屈曲位移激励下的细长杆在圆筒内横向振动与杆管碰撞规律的仿真模型。采用有限差分法对井深进行离散,Newmark法对时间进行离散,以恢复系数法建立了细长杆和圆筒的碰撞条件,对细长杆在圆筒内的横向振动数学模型进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,细长杆和圆筒内壁的碰撞现象主要发生在细长杆底端受压发生屈曲后,且几乎沿整个圆筒都有发生,从圆筒顶部至底部的碰撞力峰值逐渐增大;而在杆柱底端受拉时碰撞现象很少,碰撞力也较小。     

非线性流体-刚体结构相互作用问题的一种数值模拟方法

给出了一种模拟非线性流体-刚体结构相互作用问题的数值方法．文中假定结构承受大的刚体运动,流体流动受非线性有粘或无粘的场方程支配并满足自由表面和两相耦合界面上的非线性边界条件,利用任意拉氏-欧氏（ALE）网格系统构造了数值模型．采用所探讨的多块数值格式,允许可动重造网格间有独立的相对运动,从而克服了流体网格与固体大运动匹配的困难．通过数值离散化,导出了描述非线性流固耦合动力学的数值方程并应用耦合迭代过程对其作了求解．通过算例,说明了所提出数值模型的应用．     

二维弹性结构入水冲击过程中的流固耦合效应

描述了一个研究弹性结构入水冲击过程中水弹性效应的数值方法,在弹性结构入水冲击过程中,流体域作用在结构上的水动力载荷由边界元法获得,而结构的弹性动力响应则由有限元方法求解,通过线性给离散Ｂｅｒｎｏｕｌｌｉ方程将有限元方程和边界元方程耦合到一起,从而获得了求解流场和结构动力响应的相互耦合的运动方程。在数值考虑了自由表面的非线性边界条件,通过引入射流单元以及最大射流厚度,较好地处理了冲击引起的射流问题。     

海洋地震工程流固耦合问题统一计算框架——————不规则界面情形

海底地震动场及海洋声场的模拟中,需要考虑复杂海床介质及海底地形的影响,涉及到海水、饱和海床、弹性基岩之间的相互耦合.传统的方法分别采用声波方程描述理想流体、Biot方程描述饱和海床、弹性波方程描述基岩,分别进行空间离散和界面耦合, 十分不便.本文基于理想流体、固体分别为饱和多孔介质的特殊情形(孔隙率分别为1和0),由饱和多孔介质的Biot方程可退化得到理想流体的声波方程和固体的弹性波方程.然后, 以饱和多孔介质方程为基础, 经集中质量有限元离散,严格考虑不同孔隙率的饱和多孔介质在不规则界面的耦合条件,通过求解法向和切向界面力的途径,建立了不同孔隙率的饱和多孔介质耦合情形的求解方法,将流体、固体、饱和多孔介质间的耦合问题纳入到统一计算框架,并编制了相应的三维并行分析程序.考虑海水--弹性基岩、海水--饱和海床--弹性基岩体系中凹陷地形情形,采用本文提出的统一计算框架, 结合透射边界条件,分析了P波入射时的动力反应, 并通过结果是否满足界面条件,验证了该统一计算框架的有效性以及并行计算的可行性.      

海洋地震工程流固耦合问题统一计算框架——不规则界面情形

海底地震动场及海洋声场的模拟中,需要考虑复杂海床介质及海底地形的影响,涉及到海水、饱和海床、弹性基岩之间的相互耦合.传统的方法分别采用声波方程描述理想流体、Biot方程描述饱和海床、弹性波方程描述基岩,分别进行空间离散和界面耦合,十分不便.本文基于理想流体、固体分别为饱和多孔介质的特殊情形(孔隙率分别为1和0),由饱和多孔介质的Biot方程可退化得到理想流体的声波方程和固体的弹性波方程.然后,以饱和多孔介质方程为基础,经集中质量有限元离散,严格考虑不同孔隙率的饱和多孔介质在不规则界面的耦合条件,通过求解法向和切向界面力的途径,建立了不同孔隙率的饱和多孔介质耦合情形的求解方法,将流体、固体、饱和多孔介质间的耦合问题纳入到统一计算框架,并编制了相应的三维并行分析程序.考虑海水–弹性基岩、海水–饱和海床–弹性基岩体系中凹陷地形情形,采用本文提出的统一计算框架,结合透射边界条件,分析了P波入射时的动力反应,并通过结果是否满足界面条件,验证了该统一计算框架的有效性以及并行计算的可行性.     

柔性梁刚柔耦合碰撞动力学及变形传播研究

运用柔性多体系统刚柔耦合动力学理论,研究了作大范围回转运动柔性梁的碰撞动力学问题.考虑柔性梁的横向变形,以及横向变形引起的纵向缩短项即非线性耦合变形项.采用基于Hertz接触理论及非线性阻尼理论的非线性弹簧阻尼模型来求解碰撞过程中产生的碰撞力,运用第二类拉格朗日方程建立了系统的刚柔耦合碰撞动力学方程.编制仿真软件进行动力学仿真计算,得到了碰撞力和系统动力学响应,对比分析了不同动力学模型对系统动力学响应的影响.同时研究了碰撞导致的柔性梁横向变形传播的波动特性.     

三峡升船机船—水—厢耦合系统的非线性有限元时域计算

根据三峡升船机船厢的受力特点，在船厢的纵剖面上建立了非线性水波方程和船—水—厢的耦合运动方程。对非线性水波方程利用摄动理论进行分解得到一阶方程和二阶方程，然后运用伽辽金法得到耦合的有限元离散方程，结合精细积分法进行时域计算。计算采用平面八节点等参单元，并给出了若干算例。     

与温度相关的非均质圆筒的非线性耦合广义热弹性分析

基于能量守恒方程和L–S广义热弹性理论,借助状态空间技术和Newmark法求解了材料性质沿径向任意梯度分布同时又与温度相关的非均质圆筒非线性耦合广义热弹性问题。通过对材料性质与温度无关和相关功能梯度圆筒的算例分析,给出了在线性和非线性耦合下圆筒内温度和应力沿径向和随时间的变化关系,验证了本文解的正确性和有效性。数值结果表明,考虑材料性质是否与温度相关,能量守恒方程中耦合项是线性还是非线性,得到的温度与应力均存在不同程度的差异。本文解可方便地应用于不同边界条件和初始条件下圆筒的广义热弹性分析。     

注塑成型三维流动的数值模拟

建立了非等温、粘性、不可压缩、非牛顿流体流动的控制方程。为了避免同时求解耦合的压力场、速度场,本文通过修改Galerkin方法的变分方程,导出了关于压力场的拟Poisson方程,用迭代法独立地求解连续性方程、动量方程,并进行速度一粘度迭代求出最终的压力场、速度场。由于直接使用Galerkin方法求解能量方程容易引起温度场的振荡,本文采用隐式格式及“上风”法离散能量方程,用超松驰迭代法求解温度场的代数方程组。比较了模拟结果与等温管道流动的解析解及法兰的实际注射结果,算例表明本文方法可以预测注射成型流动过程中的一些重要特征。与传统Galerkin方法相比,本文方法可以减少内存,提高数值方法的稳定性。     

Bending-torsional stability analysis of aerodynamically covered pipes with inclined terminal nozzle and concurrent internal and external flows

Stability analysis of a cantilevered pipe with an inclined terminal nozzle as well as simultaneous internal and external fluid flows is investigated in this study. The pipe is embedded in an aerodynamic cover with negligible mass and stiffness simply to streamline the external flow and avoid vortex induced vibrations. The structure of pipe is modeled as an Euler–Bernoulli beam and effects of internal fluid flow including flow-induced inertia, Coriolis and centrifugal forces and the follower force induced by the exhausting jet are taken into account. In addition, neglecting the compressibility effect and using the unsteady Wagner model, aerodynamic loading is determined as a distributed lateral load for any generic structural state. The integral form of coupled equations of motion are obtained using the Hamilton’s principle. Solution to the coupled flexural–torsional equations of motion is realized via the extended Galerkin method. After discretization of the equations of motion, an eigenvalue representation of the problem is obtained. Several parameter studies are then conducted to examine the effects of concurrent fluid flows and other related parameters on the stability margins of the system.     

Multi-modes approach to modelling of vortex-induced vibration

In this work the fluid–structure interactions are considered by investigating a straight but slender pipe interacting with uniform water flow. Two configurations are studied, namely vertically and horizontally positioned pipes, which are modelled as an Euler–Bernoulli beam with flexural stiffness. Both pretension and length-wise mass distribution are considered. The structure is assumed to be moving only in the direction normal to flow (cross-flow motion) hence its in-line motion is neglected. The external fluid force acting on the structure is the result of the action of sectional vortex-induced drag and lift forces. Only mean drag force is considered, with time varying lift force modelled using a non-linear oscillator equation of the Van der Pol type. The obtained coupled system of non-linear partial differential equations is simplified employing Galerkin-type discretisation. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved numerically providing multi-mode approximations of cross-flow displacement and non-dimensional lift coefficient. The comparison between the responses of vertical and horizontal structures shows that, as expected, due to a balancing between pretension and weight, in general a higher amplitude of vibration is observed for the vertical configuration than in the same location along the pipe for the horizontal configuration in the lower part of the structure. However, lower amplitudes are obtained in the upper part of the pipe. The horizontal configuration solutions are identical in symmetrical locations along the pipe due to constant pretension. The influence of the wake equation coefficients and the fluid force coefficients on the response amplitudes has been also considered together with the length of the pipe and pretension level, and the appropriate response curves are included. Finally, for the higher mode approximations it has been shown that the vibrations level at lower frequencies is predicted reasonably well by retaining only a small subset of modes.     

VIBRATION AND STABILITY OF VERTICAL UPWARD-FLUID-CONVEYING PIPE IMMERSED IN RIGID CYLINDRICAL CHANNEL

A theoretical model is developed for the vibration and stability of a vertical pipe subjected concurrently to two dependent axial flows. The external fluid, after exiting the outer annular region between the pipe and a rigid cylindrical channel, is conveyed upwards inside the pipe. This configuration thus resembles of a pipe that aspirating fluid. The equation of planar mo- tion is solved by means of the differential quadrature method （DQM）. Calculations are conducted for a slender drill-string-like and a bench-top-size system, for different confinement conditions of the outer annular channel. It is shown that the vibrations of these two systems are closely related to the degree of confinement of the outer annular channel. For a drill-string-like system with narrow annuli, buckling instability may occur in the second and third modes. For a bench-top-size system, however, both buckling and flutter may occur in the lowest three modes. The form of instability depends on the annuli size.     

阶梯式Timoshenko梁自由振动的DCE解

本文基于微分容积法和区域叠加技术提出了微分容积单元法（Differential Cubature Element method，以下简称DCE方法），并用之求解阶梯式变截面Timoshenko梁的自由振动问题。根据梁的变截面情况将其划分为几个单元，在每个单元内应用微分容积法将梁的控制微分方程和边界约束方程离散成为一组关于该单元内配点位移的线性代数方程组，将这些方程组写在一起并在各单元之间应用连续性条件和平衡条件得到一组关于整个域内各点位移的齐次线性代数方程组，这是一广义特征值问题，由子空间迭代法求解该特征问题便可求得系统的自振动频率。数值算例表明，本方法能稳定收敛、并有较高的数值精度和计算效率。     

A semi-analytical approach to the study of an elastic circular cylinder confined in a cylindrical fluid domain subjected to small-amplitude transient motions

This paper deals with the transient motions experienced by an elastic circular cylinder in a cylindrical fluid domain initially at rest and subjected to small-amplitude imposed displacements. Three fluid models are considered, namely potential, viscous and acoustic, to cover different fluid–structure interaction regimes. They are derived here from the general compressible Navier–Stokes equations by a formal perturbation method so as to underline their links and ranges of validity a priori. The resulting fluid models are linear owing to the small-amplitude-displacement hypothesis. For simplicity, the elastic flexure beam model is chosen for the circular cylinder dynamics. The semi-analytical approach used here is based on the methods of Laplace transform in time, in vacuo eigenvector expansion with time-dependent coefficients for the transverse beam displacement and separation of variables for the fluid. Moreover, the viscous case is handled with a matched asymptotic expansion performed at first order. The projection of the fluid forces on the in vacuo eigenvectors leads to a fully coupled system involving the modal time-dependent displacement coefficients. These coefficients are then obtained by matrix inversion in the Laplace domain and fast numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. The three models, written in the form of convolution products, are described through the analysis of their kernels, involving both the wave propagation phenomena in the fluid domain and the beam elasticity. Last, the three models are illustrated for a specific imposed motion mimicking shock loading. It is shown that their combination permits coverage of a broad range of motions.     

Oscillating laminar fluid flow in a cylindrical elastic pipe of annular cross-section

The coupled elastohydrodynamic problem based on the dynamic equations for a viscous incompressible fluid and for two closed finite-length cylindrical elastic shells, inner and outer, described using the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses is formulated and solved with the corresponding boundary conditions for harmonic variation of the pressure at the inlet and outlet of an elastic annular pipe. From the solution of this problem the flow parameters and the elastic shell displacements are found. The amplitude and phase frequency characteristics and resonant frequencies of the shells are found. The cases of shells simply supported and with fixed ends are considered. The effect of the support mode and the fluid characteristics on the resonant frequencies and the amplitude frequency characteristics of the shells is investigated.     

Acoustic radiation force on an elastic cylinder in a Gaussian beam near an impedance boundary

Acoustic radiation force (ARF) is studied by considering an infinite elastic cylinder near an impedance boundary when the cylinder is illuminated by a Gaussian beam. The surrounding fluid is an ideal fluid. Using the method of images and the translation-addition theorem for the cylindrical Bessel function, the resulting sound field including the incident wave, its reflection from the boundary, the scattered wave from the elastic cylinder, and its image are expressed in terms of the cylindrical wave function. Then, we deduce the exact equations of the axial and transverse ARFs. The solutions depend on the cylinder position, cylinder material, beam waist, reflection coefficient, distance from the impedance boundary, and absorption in the cylinder. To analyze the effects of the various factors intuitively, we simulate the radiation force for non-absorbing elastic cylinders made of stainless steel, gold, and beryllium as well as for an absorbing elastic cylinder made of polyethylene, which is a well-known biomedical polymer. The results show that the impedance boundary, cylinder material, absorption in the cylinder, and cylinder position in the Gaussian beam significantly affect the magnitude and direction of the force. Both stable and unstable equilibrium regions are found. Moreover, a larger beam waist broadens the beam domain, corresponding to non-zero axial and transverse ARFs. More importantly, negative ARFs are produced depending on the choice of the various factors. These results are particularly important for designing acoustic manipulation devices operating with Gaussian beams.     

Hydrodynamic Load Associated with the Oscillations of a Cylinder at the Interface in a Two-Layer Fluid of Finite Depth

The results of numerically solving the linear problem of the small steady-state oscillations of a horizontal cylinder located at the interface between two fluids of different densities are presented. The hybrid element method is used. In this method the velocity potentials are represented by means of the finite element method in a narrow zone in the neighborhood of the body and by means of the boundary integral equations in the outer domain. The Green’s functions for an oscillating source in a two-layer fluid bounded from above by a free boundary and from below by an even horizontal bottom are derived. Numerical calculations of the apparent mass and damping coefficients are carried out for an elliptic cylinder beneath a free surface and for a cylinder with the cross-section in the form of a Lewis rib contour which floats on the free surface.__________Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, 2005, pp. 122–131Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Sturova and Syui.