等温时效对节约型双相不锈钢2101析出行为的影响

研究了700~850℃等温时效对节约型双相不锈钢LDX 2101析出行为的影响。研究结果表明经等温时效处理,颗粒状析出物主要在奥氏体和铁素体相界处形核长大,从而恶化材料的冲击韧性。700℃是影响该材料冲击韧性最敏感脆化温度。在700℃等温时效处理120 min后,冲击韧性值降低到33 J,仅为固溶处理后冲击韧性值的31%。经过TEM观察分析,颗粒状析出物主要是Cr2N型氮化物以及少量Cr23C6型碳化物。     

03Cr18NiMoN节镍双相不锈钢的热变形行为及热加工图

关键词：双相不锈钢; 流变曲线; 本构方程; 热加工图     

1Cr17Ni1双相不锈钢的热变形行为及其热加工图

 运用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究了1Cr17Ni1马氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢在变形温度为950～1 150 ℃、应变速率为0.1～10 s－1条件下的热压缩变形行为。运用双曲正弦函数构建了本构方程,得到了表观激活能为391.586 kJ/mol,并基于动态材料模型绘制了1Cr17Ni1钢不同应变量下的热加工图。观察变形后的组织形貌得到较低温度下发生动态回复与动态再结晶,较高温度只发生动态回复,综合热加工图与变形后组织得到最佳热变形工艺：热加工温度范围为950～1 000 ℃、热加工变形速率范围为0.1～0.3和5～10 s－1。     

节约型双相不锈钢组织性能控制与制造技术

节约型双相不锈钢在提高强度、改善韧性、耐蚀性能及焊接性能等方面具有突出优点,可望广泛应用于核电、石化、造船、造纸、海水淡化等领域,成为一种性能优良又节约资源的结构材料。但是,由于缺乏对其热加工特性及合理加工工艺全面深入的了解,还未能实现大规模工业化生产节约型双相不锈钢。针对节约型双相不锈钢热塑性更差、热加工制备更困难等关键问题,分析了合金成分设计、热变形行为与热塑性控制、微观显微组织演变、热加工安全区预测及脆性相析出动力学规律等的研究进展,指出了突破节约型双相不锈钢工业化生产的关键工艺技术方向。     

铈对超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo4N热加工性能的影响

通过Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对0～0.034%Ce的超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo4N(%:0.016～0.020C、24.50～24.72Cr、7.06～7.18Ni、3.61～3.73Mo、0.26～0.27N)进行了950～1 200℃、应变速率5×10-3s-1的热拉伸和变形量60%、应变速率1×10~0s~(-1)的热压缩试验。结果表明,适量铈的加入能提高00Cr25Ni7Mo4N钢的热塑性,铈含量为0.012%时有最好的热塑性;铈含量为0.021%以上时,该钢的峰值应力低于未加稀土钢;铈的加入有助于钢提前达到稳态流变阶段。     

双相不锈钢无缝钢管生产裂纹浅析

双相不锈钢无缝钢管生产所面临的最大问题就是产生裂纹 ,裂纹的产生与钢的塑性、韧性有密切关系 ;而生产加工中的双相钢的塑性、韧性直接受钢的脆性相以及低温脆性影响     

Crack Properties of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101 in Hot-formming Processes

The crack behavior of LDX 2101 by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 950 to 1150 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01 to 30 s-1 was studied.The hot workability map of LDX 2101 was constructed and the alloy exhibited a better crack resistance at higher temperature and lower strain rate.Microvoids initiated and coalesced into crack at subsurface on the equatorial plane of bulge surface under secondary tensile condition.The cracks were orientated at an angle of approximately 45° with respect to the c...     

In Situ Observation of Surface Electrochemical Activities of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel LDX 2101

The surface electrochemical corrosion activity of the economic lean duplex stainless steel LDX2101 was investigated in situ in chloride solution with a combination of long working distance microscope (LWDM) and electrochemical techniques. In addition, the site and chemical composition of the electrochemical active points on the specimen surface were also determined with integrated scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscope (SEM/EDS) system. The results demonstrated that: (i) The reaction of α → Cr₂N + γ₂ precedes that of α → σ + γ₂ when LDX2101 was aged at 700°C. (ii) The initiation sites of electrochemical active points could be determined by LWDM in combination with potentiostatic pulse technique (PPT). (iii) The sites of electrochemical active points were found to change from inclusions (MnS/Al₂O₃) to secondary austenite phase (γ₂), with the increase of aging time at 700°C.     

双相不锈钢2205铸态组织的热变形研究

研究了工业连铸双相不锈钢2205在不同温度和应变速率下的热变形过程。通过单道次热模拟压缩试验分析了铸态2205流变应力与温度和应变速率的关系,计算出铸态2205的热变形激活能Q=599 kJ/mol,说明铸态2205热加工性能较差。组织分析显示,两相之间变形不协调是相界微裂纹产生的根本原因。     

Deformation Behavior and Texture Evolution of Ferrite and Austenite Phases in Lean Duplex Stainless Steel

To avoid cracks during hot rolling, a short process of direct cold rolling following solution treatment of the casting billet for preparing lean duplex stainless steel plates is proposed. The effect of cold rolling reduction on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of UNS S32101 is investigated. The results show that dislocation slip is the main character in ferrite, which leads to dislocation tangles, dislocation cells, high-density dislocation walls, and deformed microbands. However, twinning and strain-induced martensite transformation (SIMT) occur in austenite, and the SIMT mechanism of austenite follows the classical model γ → ε → α′ and γ → α′, with the orientation relationship of Kurdjumov–Sachs ( $$ and $$) and Nishyama–Wassermann (N–W) ( $$ and $$). Meanwhile, at 50%, there is a transition from Cu texture to Brass texture in the austenite phase. At 12.5%, the yield strength is 344 MPa higher than that of the traditional hot rolling process, and the elongation remains about 35%. With the increasing cold rolling reduction, the elongation decreases while the strength rises significantly. Strengthening dislocations, fine-tuning grains, and SIMT are the primary contributors to the improvement in strength.     

Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on Flow Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Super Duplex Stainless Steel under Hot Deformation

Hot compression tests were carried out in the temperature range of 1 223-1 473 Kand strain rate range of0.01-30s-1 to investigate the flow behavior and microstructural evolution of super duplex stainless steel 2507(SDSS2507).It is found that most of the flow curves exhibit a characteristic of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and the flow stress increases with the decrease of temperature and the increase of strain rate.The apparent activation energy Qof SDSS2507 with varying true strain and strain rate is determined.As the strain increases,the value of Qdeclines in different ways with varying strain rate.The microstructural evolution characteristics and the strain partition between the two constituent phases are significantly affected by the Zener-Hollomon parameter(Z).At a lower lnZ,dynamic recovery(DRV)and continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)of the ferrite dominate the softening mechanism during the compression.At this time,steady state deformation takes place at the last stage of deformation.In contrast,a higher lnZ will facilitate the plastic deformation of the austenite and then activate the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)of the austenite,which leads to a continuous decline of the flow stress even at the last deformation stage together with CDRX of the ferrite.     

高应变率下00Cr23Ni4N双相不锈钢的热变形行为

 采用Gleeble-3800热力学模拟试验机对00Cr23Ni4N双相不锈钢进行了高温压缩试验,研究了其在900～1150℃、5～50s-1条件下的热变形行为,并利用Sellars双曲正弦模型建立了峰值流变应力与Zener-Hollomon（Z参数）之间的关系。研究结果表明,00Cr23Ni4N双相不锈钢的高温流变应力随变形温度的升高、应变速率的减小显著降低;在变形温度为1100～1150℃,材料均表现出良好的热加工性能;通过回归分析,00Cr23Ni4N双相不锈钢的应力指数为2.6,热变形激活能为263.4kJ/mol,Z参数能较好地描述该钢种的流变行为。     

Optimization of Hot Workability in Superaustenitic Stainless Steel 654SMO

Hot compression tests were conducted on a Gleeble-3800 machine in a temperature range of 950 to 1200 ℃ and a strain rate range of 0. 001 to 10 s-1 in order to study the hot deformation behaviour of superaustenitic stainless steel 654SMO. The results show that peak stress increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate, and the apparent activation energy of this alloy was determined to be about 494 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation which can be used to relate the peak stress to the absolute temperature and strain rate was obtained. The processing maps for hot working developed on the basis of flow stress data and the dynamic materials model were adopted to op- timize the hot workability. It is found that the features of the maps obtained in the strain range of 0.2 to 1.0 are fun- damentally similar, indicating that the strain does not have a substantial influence on processing map. The combina- tion of processing map and mierostructural observations indicates that the favorable hot deformation conditions are located in two domains of processing map. The first domain occurs in the temperature range of 980 to 1035 ℃ and strain rate range of 0. 001 to 0.01 s-1 with a peak efficiency of 55%. The second domain appears in the temperature range of 1 120 to 1 180 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.3 to 3 s-1 with peak efficiency of 35%. Compared to other stable domains, the specimens deformed in these two domains exhibit full dynamic recrystallization grains with finer and more uniform sizes. An instability domain occurs at temperatures below 1 100 ℃ and strain rate above 0.1 s-1 , and flow instability is manifested in the form of flow localization.