在体鼠小肠应力-应变实验研究

目的 研究在小肠生物学特性。方法 将16只Wister大鼠分为两组，在体组10只，离体组6只，对末端回肠做充压实验。罂粟碱腹腔注射用于抑制平滑肌的收缩。充压范围0－8cm H2O，每1cmH2O为一级。充压后将肠管剪成肠环和竖条以获得肠管的无载荷和零应力状态。根据所摄图象测量的数据，计算Kirchhoff应力和Green应变。结果 （1）大鼠回肠应力－应变曲线无论在体还是在离体状态均符合指数方程τ=（τ^* β）^e^α（ε-ε^*）-β（相关系数＞0.96)。（2）应力－应变曲线环向较纵向明显右移，在体组无论环向还是纵向均较离体组的曲线陡直。（3）与参照零应力状态所得应力应变曲线相比，参照无载荷和零压力状态所得应力应变曲线，在环向移向左侧，纵向移向右侧，差别有统计意义（P＜0.05)。结论 （1）回肠应力－应变曲线关系具有非线性和各向异性特点，提示肠壁硬度在体状态高于离体状态，环向高于纵向。（2）将零应力状态作为基础参照对研究消化道应力－应变特征至关重要。     

腰椎4、5间盘纤维环纤维层力学性能的实验研究

测试成人腰椎间盘纤维环纤维层的力学性能。用显微外科技术将纤维环逐层分离,每层纤维平均分成8个测点,每层每测点处按纤维走向切取5个试件,长度l=15~20mm,宽b=1~1.5mm,厚t=0.1~0.5mm。进行拉伸实验测得应力-应变曲线,并给出拟合曲线及方程,得出弹性模量、破坏应变、破坏应力、测点处的力学性能参数和方程。测试结果表明:各测点处,沿径向,由外向内弹性模量皆随层数的增加,不断变小;每层纤维弹性模量由前侧向后侧逐渐变小;破坏应力由外层向内层线性递减;破坏应变外部9层随层数增加略有提高,9层以后基本上为一常数(0.34±0.14)。可见,腰椎间盘纤维环纤维具有特殊的力学性能,与其功能相适应,与腰椎疾病的发生有密切的关系。     

膨胀试验测定猪眼角膜生物力学参数的研究

目的 通过膨胀试验测定猪眼角膜的非线性应力/应变关系,研究猪眼角膜弹性模量和眼内压之间的关系。方法 选取新鲜猪眼11只,剪下附带4~5mm宽度巩膜环的角膜,采取胶水黏附联合机械固定方式将猪眼角膜固定于自制的施压装置,缓慢逐步增加液压,液压范围：25mmH2O(1.8375mmHg) ~ 1000mmH2O (73.5mmHg),激光位移计记录角膜前表面顶点的前突位移量,根据板壳理论推导公式计算猪眼角膜的生物力学参数,包括应力、应变及弹性模量。结果 猪眼角膜前突位移量同眼内压的关系及应力/应变均呈指数函数关系,弹性模量与眼内压呈线性关系。结论 膨胀法测量猪眼角膜的弹性模量具有较好的重复性和精确性,此方法所测得的弹性模量可用于后期屈光手术模型的建立、人工角膜与角膜接触镜设计及其它方面的研究。     

食道分层后生物力学特性

为了获得食道内黏膜下层和外肌层两层的本构方程,采用在体膨胀试验,同时在新的无应力状态下,计算多层组织相应的应力分布.在黏膜下层和肌层之间本构参数和零应力参数存在有意义的差异.在相同的载荷下,黏膜下层应力高于肌层和整体,黏膜下层比肌层和整体要刚硬.在零应力状态下比较整体和分层后的应力-应变分布.在零应力状态下,分层后的残余应变是不连续的;整体的环向应力比分层约高100倍.可以认为采用分层后测得的零应力状态作为研究多层组织中的无应力状态是极其重要的.     

兔内、中、外层心室肌细胞的快钠电流

目的探讨兔心室肌快钠通道的跨壁异质性。方法以酶解法分离兔心室肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳记录技术观察内、中、外3层心室肌细胞快钠电流(INa)的活性及动力学差异。结果3层细胞的INa电压依赖性相似,但峰电流值不同,中层细胞最大,其次为内、外层细胞。分别为(pA/pF)31·46±13·72、15·89±6·64、12·16±2·26,中层细胞与内、外2层细胞相比差异显著(P<0·05),内外两层细胞无显著差异。内、中、外3层细胞失活半电压分别为(mV)-93·82±4·64(n=16cells),-103·00±8·67(n=15cells),-97·38±5·42(n=14cells),中层细胞与内层细胞相比差异显著;中层细胞与外层细胞及内层细胞与外层细胞相比无显著差异。3层细胞的INa灭活后恢复曲线无明显差异。中层细胞与内、外2层细胞的INa活性存在明显差异。结论以上结果可能是构成心律失常发生的解剖学基础,也可能是I类抗心律失常药在3层细胞作用不同的原因。     

力学在食管胃腔内弹力环扎吻合术的应用

本文探讨食管胃腔内弹力环扎吻合术的力学机理。这是一种不用任何缝合材料或吻合器进行胃食管吻合的新技术,我们已成功应用于临床。取临床所用的乳胶管按该材料多向异性特征、实验条件以及弹力环数目分为8组,每组3个样品进行各种体外力学试验。通过应力—应变(拉力—伸长)关系曲线和定伸长松驰试验确定它的力学特性是一种粘弹性材料。根据实验所得的应力换算为弹力环对食管和胃组织所施加的最佳压力(压强)是4.23±0.23Kg/cm~2,这样才能保证这一种新颖的吻合术可达到简便、安全、可靠的目的。     

自体静脉移植血管的应力应变关系及其相关组织形态学研究

本文研究了自体移植静脉的应力应变关系 ,将狗股静脉移植于股动脉 ,术后 6个月切取移植静脉进行轴向及环向的单轴拉伸实验及组织形态学观测 ,并和正常股静脉、股动脉的应力 应变关系及组织形态学进行了比较。结果表明 ,轴向移植静脉及正常静脉、动脉的应力 应变关系可表示为 :T =C1 (eα1(λ-1 ) - 1) (T <10kPa)和T =C2 eα2 (λ-1 ) - β(T≥ 10kPa) ,环向应力 应变关系可表示为 :T =C3(eα3(λ-1 ) - 1)。移植术后的静脉与正常静脉、动脉相比 ,轴向和环向静脉的应力 应变曲线均向左移 ,移植术后血管管壁组织结构的刚度比正常静脉、动脉的大 ;比如 ,移植静脉和正常静脉、动脉轴向的α2 (mean±SD)的值分别为 :34 .0 6± 7.30、19.2 1± 2 .35和 11.68± 0 .2 636,环向的α3(mean±SD)的值分别为 :55.76± 2 0 .16、2 7.56± 2 .82和 2 3 .0 8± 1.2 74 1,这显示了移植血管管壁组织在术后硬化的特性。组织形态学的研究表明 ,移植术后血管的管壁材料组份及结构发生了变化 ,管壁弹性纤维含量与正常静脉相比无显著差异 ,但远低于正常动脉 ;例如 ,弹性纤维在正常动脉、静脉及移植血管中的含量分别为 (mean±SD) :4 8.9± 4 .3、19.6± 0 .6和 19.9± 2 .7,说明移植血管并未出现动脉化趋势。此外 ,移植术     

食管胃粘膜线的解剖和胃镜观察

目的:研究食管胃粘膜线的形态学特点,为临床应用提供解剖学基础。方法:取76例成人标本,观察食管胃粘膜线的位置和形态。Olympus胃镜下观察20例成人粘膜线的形态。取粘膜线处的组织,作石蜡切片,HE染色,显微镜下观察组织结构。结果:食管胃粘膜线多位于膈与贲门切迹的平面之间(72%),距膈(1.71±0.89)cm。齿状线62例(82%),环形线14例(18%)。粘膜线多斜向右下方(78%)。胃镜下观察到粘膜线两侧粘膜颜色对比明显,食管粘膜呈淡粉红色或淡黄红色,胃粘膜呈桔红色。粘膜线上下两侧分别被覆复层扁平上皮和单层柱状上皮,粘膜交界处的组织疏松,深方的环层肌增厚。结论:胃镜检查时可根据位置和粘膜颜色对比确认食管胃粘膜线。     

基于快、慢速加载单轴拉伸数据识别的角膜生物力学特性比较

目的 比较基于快、慢速加载单轴拉伸数据确定的角膜生物力学特性参数。方法 选取15只健康成年兔的角膜进行平均加载速率为0.16、0.02 mm/s单轴拉伸实验,分别获得应力-应变以及应力松弛数据;分别利用黏超弹性模型、1阶Ogden模型和2阶Prony级数模型对加卸载迟滞环曲线、应力-应变曲线、应力松弛曲线进行分析。基于黏超弹性模型拟合快速加卸载迟滞环曲线确定的参数集记为G_vh。拟合慢速加载的应力-应变、应力松弛数据的材料参数集记为G_OP。利用相关性分析比较G_vh与G_OP之间参数的相关性。结果 对快速加卸载迟滞环数据、慢速加载的应力-应变数据与应力松弛数据的拟合优度R²都大于0.95。G_vh与G_OP中6个参数中5个(μ,A₁,A₂,τ₁,τ₂)差异明显(P<0.05),并且两参数组中Ogden模型参数呈正相关。结论 基于快、慢速加载的单轴拉伸数...     

慢性阻塞性肺病纵隔应变对“小心脏”形成的力学分析

本文通过对COPD病人纵隔及心包膜壁层(下简称心包)的应力—应变分析,认为COPD病人纵隔应变程度已不容忽视,将导致其应力增加并在心包处集中而影响心包。按心包的平衡方程,心包应力增加导致其曲率减小,中点挠度减小,心包移向纵隔中位。同时,心脏舒张期充盈阻力增加、充盈量减少,因而心搏量减少而次数增加。提出COPD病人纵隔应变也是其“小心脏”发生的原因之一。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.