新型羟基磺基甜菜碱/聚丙烯酰胺二元复合体系性能评价

新型羟基磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂与相对分子质量为2 500万的聚丙烯酰胺进行复合,测定体系的界面张力、黏弹性及乳化性能。结果表明,新型羟基磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂在浓度2.16 mmol/L时,表面张力33.39 m N/m,且乳化性能较好,具有较好的表面活性剂性能。相比于单独的表面活性剂,二元复合体系使溶液的临界胶束浓度增大,且界面张力也升高。当表面活性剂浓度为1.3 g/L,聚合物浓度为0.5 g/L时,体系的界面张力达到最低。聚合物的加入能显著降低体系的粘弹性,且随着聚合物浓度的增加,出现黏度最大值的表面活性剂的浓度越低。当表面活性剂水溶液质量浓度1.3 g/L,聚合物浓度1.5 g/L时,体系乳化性能最佳,实验表明,在低渗透岩心中,可以提高采收率5.78%。     

新型羟基磺基甜菜碱/聚丙烯酰胺二元复合体系性能评价

新型羟基磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂与相对分子质量为2 500万的聚丙烯酰胺进行复合,测定体系的界面张力、黏弹性及乳化性能。结果表明,新型羟基磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂在浓度2.16 mmol/L时,表面张力33.39 m N/m,且乳化性能较好,具有较好的表面活性剂性能。相比于单独的表面活性剂,二元复合体系使溶液的临界胶束浓度增大,且界面张力也升高。当表面活性剂浓度为1.3 g/L,聚合物浓度为0.5 g/L时,体系的界面张力达到最低。聚合物的加入能显著降低体系的粘弹性,且随着聚合物浓度的增加,出现黏度最大值的表面活性剂的浓度越低。当表面活性剂水溶液质量浓度1.3 g/L,聚合物浓度1.5 g/L时,体系乳化性能最佳,实验表明,在低渗透岩心中,可以提高采收率5.78%。     

接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物-表面活性剂的溶液行为

将大单体4-乙烯苄基辛烷基酚聚氧乙烯(18)醚、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠共聚合成接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物(branched acrylamide-based copolymer,PAE),然后将具有表面活性的PAE分别与4种表面活性剂复合,获得二元复合驱油体系。研究各表面活性剂对这些二元复合驱油体系的表观黏度和表面张力的影响,与油田常用的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺-表面活性剂二元复合驱油体系相比,这些体系可提高驱油剂的增黏性和表面活性,改善驱油过程中的色谱分离效应。在阴离子表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS))、阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和非离子表面活性剂(聚氧乙烯(20)山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯)中,微量SDBS对聚合物体系溶液黏度提高幅度最大,且能明显降低体系的表面张力,当SDBS浓度为0.6 mmol/L时,PAE二元复合驱油体系(含5.0 g/L NaC l,1.2 g/L PAE)的表观黏度可从243 mP a·s上升到732 mP a·s。     

XPS法研究表面活性剂、碱和聚合物在固体颗粒表面吸附的协同效应

利用光电子能谱法(XPS)研究了表面活性剂、碱和聚合物在固体颗粒表面上的吸附量及相互之间的协同效应。表面活性剂和碱在S iO2固体颗粒上的最大吸附量随着浓度的增大而增加,分别在1 200,5 000 mg/L达到最大吸附量1.15 mg/g和1.65 mg/g,吸附量达到最大值后趋于稳定;聚合物的平衡吸附曲线随着浓度的增大吸附量先增加后减少,600 mg/L达到最大吸附量1.30 mg/g,后减小至0.40 mg/g基本不变;在表面活性剂、碱和聚合物复合吸附体系中,碱的存在大大降低了表面活性剂在固体表面上的吸附量,在一定程度上增加了聚合物在固体表面上的吸附量,聚合物和表面活性剂在共存竞争吸附影响下S iO2表面上的吸附量都有了较大的减少;在表面活性剂、碱和聚合物复合体系中,聚合物与碱协同吸附的固体表面吸附层比其它情况下厚。     

表面活性剂/聚合物体系驱油段塞优化研究

通过物理驱油模拟装置,利用人造岩心对表面活性剂/聚合物体系(二元复合体系)驱油实验的段塞进行了优化选择,从主段塞表面活性剂浓度、聚合物浓度对化学药剂的用量进行优化,从二元复合体系主段塞、前置段塞和后续保护段塞大小进行优化,最终确定了二元体系的化学剂注入主段塞为0.3%S(无碱表面活性剂)+1 600 mg/LP(中分聚合物),岩心驱油整个段塞优化为:0.03 PV前置段塞(高浓度聚合物)+0.3 PV二元(S:0.3%+HPAM:1 600mg/L,粘度40.5 mPa.s)+0.2 PV HPAM+后续水驱。通过非均质岩心和天然岩心验证了该优化段塞提高采收率的能力,在非均质岩心中提高采收率能达到20%OOIP以上,在天然岩心中能达到16%OOIP以上。     

一种星型苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成及原油界面张力和乳化性能研究

以三乙醇胺为原料通过氯化反应、烷基化反应和磺化反应合成了一种星型表面活性剂,其具有3条疏水碳链和3个磺酸盐亲水基团。研究发现该表面活性剂具有很高的表面活性其临界胶束浓度CMC为4.93×10-5 mol/L,此时的界面张力为32.5 mN/m。同时,研究了星型表面活性剂浓度和NaOH浓度对原油/水界面张力的影响。研究发现,少量的星型表面活性剂就能有效的降低原油/水体系的界面张力。当表面活性剂浓度为0.1 g/L,NaOH浓度为0.5 g/L,温度为50 ℃时的原油/水体系的界面张力降至1.1×10-4 mN/m。该界面张力值已经属于超低界面张力,满足驱油用表面活性剂的基本条件。自乳化实验表明,该表面活性剂具有很好的乳化能力,表面活性剂浓度在0.1 g/L时就能将原油乳化成粒径为5 ~ 20 μm的O/W乳状液。     

双十二烷基酚磺基甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备

本实验以十二烷基酚、环氧氯丙烷、叔胺等为原料,通过开环反应、季胺化反应、磺化反应等,反应生成了甲基偶联双十二烷基酚磺基甜菜碱型新型双子表面活性剂,并使用红外光谱测定甲基偶联双十二烷基酚磺基甜菜碱型双子表面活性剂的结构,确定其为目标产物。使用界面张力仪测定其界面性能,测定结果表明双十二烷基酚磺基甜菜碱型双子表面活性剂的界面张力最低可达10-3m N/m。     

非离子表面活性剂对鞘氨醇单胞菌MH13转化吩嗪的影响

1,2-二羟基-1,2-二氢吩嗪是一种手性的二醇,可以被用来作为合成吩嗪类衍生物的前体。鞘氨醇单胞菌MH13能将吩嗪转化为1,2-二羟基-1,2-二氢吩嗪。利用添加非离子表面活性剂的方法对鞘氨醇单胞菌MH13转化吩嗪进行了研究。首先考察了不同种类的非离子表面活性剂对菌株生长的影响。结果表明2%的Triton X-100和Triton X-114抑制鞘氨醇单胞菌MH13的生长,而2%的聚醚L64对鞘氨醇单胞菌MH13毒性较小。然后选用2%的聚醚L64作为添加剂,在培养24h后中间产物1,2-二羟基-1,2-二氢吩嗪产量达到最大,浓度达到了(98.9±7.1)mg/L,是不添加非离子表面活性剂的1.32倍。     

甲基偶联双（烷基酚磺酸钠）型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

本文采用甲醛为偶联剂对长链烷基酚进行缩合,合成了可以制备Gemini表面活性剂的疏水骨架——甲基偶联双（烷基酚）（MBA）。将MBA磺化及中和制得了Gemini表面活性剂甲基偶联双（烷基酚磺酸钠）（MBSA）。采用IR、ESI-MS验证了MBSA的结构,并测定了两种Gemini表面活性剂的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、增溶能力、润湿力、泡沫性能、乳化力、钙皂分散力及耐电解质能力。结果表明,甲基偶联双（壬基酚磺酸钠）（MBSN）的cmc为5.9×10-4mol/L,γcmc为30.0mN/m;甲基偶联双（十二烷基酚磺酸钠）（MBSD）的cmc为4.6×10-4mol/L,γcmc为32.0mN/m。其cmc均比普通表面活性剂低一个数量级;疏水基长的MBSD比疏水基短的MBSN表面活性更强,但耐电解质能力反而降低。     

阳离子型表面活性剂与聚合物复配体系协同减阻作用

为探究阳离子型表面活性剂和聚合物复配体系的协同减阻作用,以阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）和聚合物聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为研究对象,设计搭建多功能湍流减阻实验测试装置,实验分析聚合物离子类型对复配体系协同减阻的影响,优选复配体系,进一步研究复配体系协同减阻作用随表面活性剂浓度、聚合物浓度、温度的变化规律。实验结果表明：CPAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系协同减阻作用>AmPAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系协同减阻作用>NPAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系协同减阻作用>APAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系协同减阻作用。CPAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系的协同减阻作用在CTAC/NaSal浓度达到聚合物饱和浓度（PSP）0.3g/L时到达顶峰,平均减阻效率高达69.22%;当CTAC/NaSal浓度增加至0.5g/L后,平均减阻率迅速减小至10.08%,复配体系的临界广义雷诺数亦迅速降至7535.20,抗剪切性减弱。随着CPAM浓度由0.05g/L增加到0.2g/L,减阻破坏区减阻率可由9.08%增加至57.49%,临界广义雷诺数由31272.43增加到45033.36,抗剪切性增强;当CPAM浓度超过第二临界缔合浓度（CAC Ⅱ）0.15g/L后,减阻破坏区减阻率增加趋势及抗剪切性增强趋势均变缓。此外,相较于单一减阻剂,复配体系耐温性显著增强,55℃时最大减阻率增至69.05%。     

耐盐型双子表面活性剂驱油体系研究

对一种新型双子表面活性剂GA12-4-12进行了研究。该表面活性剂在矿化度为2.5×10^5mg/L、氯化钙浓度为1.5×10^4mg/L的水溶液中表现出良好的表面活性,其临界胶束浓度为538.6mg/L。GA12-4-12溶液与稀油间的油水界面张力随着盐含量的增加（60～250g/L）而降低。在高矿化度模拟地层水条件下,GA12-4-12及其与聚合物复合体系SP的油水动态界面张力均能达到超低值（10^-3mN/m）。进行模拟驱油实验表明,GA12-4-12与SP复合体系提高水驱采收率分别为6.25%、10.67%。     

Adaptability of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide/mixed‐surfactant combination flooding system to the Shengli Chengdao oilfield

We investigated the performance of a combination flooding system composed of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) and a mixed surfactant [fatty acid disulfonate anionic gemini surfactant (DMES) plus the nonionic surfactant Triton X‐100 (TX‐100)] under the reservoir conditions of the Shengli Chengdao oilfield. With 1800 mg/L HAPAM and 300–3000 mg/L mixed surfactant, the surfactant–polymer (SP) flooding system reached an ultralow oil–water interfacial tension, and the viscosity of the system was greater than 40 mPa s. After the solution was aged for 120 days, its viscosity was still more than 40 mPa s; this indicated a good aging stability. The core flooding experiments with different porous media permeabilities showed that the SP flooding system created a higher resistance factor and residual resistance factor. In addition, the indoor flooding experiments indicated that the SP combination flooding system increased the enhanced oil recovery by more than 30% over that of the original oil in place compared with the water flooding system. Therefore, it was feasible to use an SP flooding system in the Chengdao oilfield. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40390.     

泡沫分离法提取乙醇水体系中甲基橙

采用泡沫分离法对含甲基橙的乙醇水溶液进行了提取研究. 考察了乙醇体积分数、气体流量、pH、甲基橙浓度和表面活性剂浓度对提取效果的影响,并对泡沫分离乙醇-水体系中提取中药有效成分的可行性进行了探讨. 结果表明,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,在乙醇体积分数25%的乙醇-水体系中,在pH 6.0、气速80 mL/min、甲基橙浓度35 mg/L及CTAB浓度80 mg/L的操作条件下,甲基橙的富集比为14.38,回收率在98.5%以上. 在一定范围内提高表面活性剂浓度或加入稳泡剂以削弱乙醇的消泡作用,从而将泡沫分离技术应用于乙醇-水体系中中药有效成分的提取是可能的.     

新型两性表面活性剂的驱油体系界面特性变化规律研究

随着三次采油技术的不断发展,复合体系的表面活性性能和含量是在提高采收率技术研究中日趋重要。本文针对新型两性表面活性剂一元及聚合物/表面活性剂二元体系同油的界面特性展开了研究。结果表明：一元体系中表面活性剂质量浓度越高,界面张力达到稳定所需时间越短;随着体系中表面活性剂质量浓度的增加,稳定界面张力值越低。聚合物对两性表面活性剂同模拟油之间的界面张力有影响,且有利于体系同模拟油间的界面张力的降低;但界面张力并不是随着聚合物质量浓度的增加一直单纯降低,当质量浓度为1.0g/L时界面张力最低。     

Study on Streptomycin Sulfate Recovery by Batch Foam Separation

The feasibility of foam separation as a technique was assessed for the recovery of streptomycin sulfate from the waste solution by using an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The experimental parameters examined were SDS concentration, superficial gas velocity, initial pH, and liquid loading volume. The results showed that sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant for foam separation had good foaming quality and could effectively concentrate streptomycin sulfate of the aqueous solution by technology of foam separation. The enrichment ratio and the recovery rate of streptomycin sulfate were 4.0 and 85%, respectively under the best operating conditions of sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration 0.4 g/L, superficial gas velocity 300 mL/min, liquid loading volume 300 mL and initial pH 6.0 when streptomycin sulfate concentration was 0.5 g/L.     

Laboratory study of an anti‐temperature and salt‐resistance surfactant‐polymer binary combinational flooding as EOR chemical

Experimental studies were conducted to enhance the oil recovery by a surfactant‐polymer binary combinational flooding system. The surfactant‐polymer binary combinational flooding was obtained by mixing the surfactants with the poly(AM‐NVP‐AS)‐1 which was an anti‐temperature and salt‐resistance tercopolymer and successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization using acrylamide (AM), N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), allyl sulfonate (AS) as raw materials. The initiator was redox system including water‐soluble azo compound (AIBA·2HCl) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃). Petroleum carboxylate dodecyl dibasic carbonylic acid sodium (C12DAS) and carboxyl betaine dodecyl dimethyl betaine (C12DB) were selected in this article. Compared with the surfactant‐HPAM, the surfactant‐poly(AM‐NVP‐AS)‐1 binary combinational system showed higher apparent viscosity and lower interfacial tension at high temperature and salinity conditions as the result of a better capacity of anti‐temperature, salt‐resistance, and swept volume. The recovery could enhance over 17% based on the core flooding test under the mineralization of 10,000 mg/L at 65°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39984.     

表面活性剂处理浮选分离ABS和PC塑料的研究

研究了聚碳酸酯(PC)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)两种密度相近的塑料在非离子表面活性剂仲醇聚氧乙烯醚(Tergitol 15-S-7)存在下的可浮性。通过调节表面活性剂浓度、起泡剂浓度以及浮选时间等因素,最终表面活性剂浓度60 mg/L、起泡剂浓度10 mg/L、浮选时间40 min时,ABS/PC混合塑料体系的浮选分离效果最佳,ABS的纯度和回收率接近100%,PC的纯度达到72.34%。实验结果表明,表面活性剂处理选浮分离有利于塑料的回收利用。     

Novel fluorinated surfactants for enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs

Novel surfactant‐polymer (SP) formulations containing fluorinated amphoteric surfactant (surfactant‐A) and fluorinated anionic surfactant (surfactant‐B) with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) were evaluated for enhanced oil recovery applications in carbonate reservoirs. Thermal stability, rheological properties, interfacial tension, and adsorption on the mineral surface were measured. The effects of the surfactant type, surfactant concentration, temperature, and salinity on the rheological properties of the SP systems were examined. Both surfactants were found to be thermally stable at a high temperature (90 °C). Surfactant‐B decreased the viscosity and the storage modulus of the HPAM. Surfactant‐A had no influence on the rheological properties of the HPAM. Surfactant‐A showed complete solubility and thermal stability in seawater at 90 °C. Only surfactant‐A was used in adsorption, interfacial tension, and core flooding experiments, since surfactant‐B was not completely soluble in seawater and therefore was limited to deionized water. A decrease in oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) of almost one order of magnitude was observed when adding surfactant‐A. However, betaine‐based co‐surfactant reduced the IFT to 10^?3 mN/m. An adsorption isotherm showed that the maximum adsorption of surfactant‐A was 1 mg per g of rock. Core flooding experiments showed 42 % additional oil recovery using 2.5 g/L (2500 ppm) HPAM and 0.001 g/g (0.1 mass%) amphoteric surfactant at 90 °C.     

耐温抗盐HPAM/Al~(3+)弱凝胶调剖体系的研制及评价

针对深部调剖对化学剂耐高温抗高盐的要求,采用水解聚丙烯酰胺与实验室自制的交联剂和稳定剂以及一些助剂组成耐温抗盐弱凝胶体系。实验表明,该体系能够耐温100℃,抗盐250 g/L[其中ρ(Ca2+)=4 g/L];对高低渗透层的吸水剖面调整能起到明显的作用,高低渗透层的级差越大,则剖面改善效果越明显;在室内实验条件下,该种调剖剂可以较大幅度地提高采收率(平均提高采收率程度为16.1%)。该体系已经在现场调剖施工中成功应用,效果明显。