添加Li2O对高铝粉煤灰合成刚玉-莫来石材料的影响

研究了Li2O、烧结温度对高铝粉煤灰和铝矾土合成刚玉-莫来石材料的性能、物相组成和显微结构的影响.结果表明,Li2O可大辐度降低合成刚玉-莫来石材料的烧结温度.制得的刚玉-莫来石材料具有较良好的性能.     

以粉煤灰和赤泥为原料烧结陶瓷工艺与性能研究

本文研究了在1050 ℃至1200 ℃之间温度对以粉煤灰赤泥为原料烧结陶瓷的物相和烧结性能的影响.结果表明:实验用粉煤灰原料的主要矿相组成为石英(SiO_2)和莫来石(3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2),赤泥原料的主要矿相组成有钙铝黄长石(Ca_2Al_2SiO_7)、石英(SiO_2)、钙铁榴石(Ca_3Fe_2+3(SiO_4)_3)和钙钛榴石(Ca_3TiFeSi_3O_(12));以粉煤灰赤泥为原料的5组不同配比试样在1200 ℃时试样气孔率相对降低,体积密度和抗压强度相对程度增大;其中5#试样在经1200 ℃烧结后的气孔率为1.67%,体积密度为2.10 g·cm~(-3),抗压强度为123.23 MPa,达到较好的烧结致密状态,试样主要物相是钙钠长石和莫来石.试样内莫来石的形成及玻璃液相的增加促进烧结并在1200 ℃达到致密烧结状态.     

含莫来石废料添加对陶瓷性能的影响研究

采用分离提纯优化技术制备富含莫来石组分的废料,利用传统烧结工艺制备废料添加量高达60%的陶瓷烧结体,研究不同废料掺杂量对样品显微结构、物相组成及力学性能的影响。结果表明:莫来石废料掺杂对物相组成、力学性能、热稳性及耐化学腐蚀性均满足GB/T3810.4-2006相关标准,在掺杂量达到30%时,样品的综合性能最佳,吸水率为5.36%,坯体强度1.53 MPa,烧结强度高达62.6 MPa,耐化学腐蚀性达到GLA标准。     

二氧化锰及其复合添加剂对莫来石刚玉复相材料的影响研究

通过对样品的体积密度、气孔率、物相组成和表面形貌的分析,确定二氧化锰及其复合添加剂对莫来石刚玉复相材料与烧结刚玉材料性能的影响。通过添加二氧化锰及氧化钇复合添加剂的方法,在低于传统煅烧温度50℃的条件下,制备出了性能优异的莫来石刚玉复相材料,材料的物相组成稳定,莫来石含量在62%左右,刚玉相含量在38%左右,体积密度、气孔率等指标都要优于传统煅烧温度煅烧制备的莫来石刚玉复相材料原样,且耐火度也达到国家标准。     

工艺条件对高铝粉煤灰制备莫来石性能的影响

以内蒙古中西部地区某电厂煤粉炉高铝粉煤灰为原料,经碱液预脱硅、酸洗除杂活化处理,烧结得到莫来石.研究了不同工艺条件对烧结莫来石产品性能的影响及不同烧结条件下的莫来石产品物相及显微形貌转变规律.实验结果表明,经过预处理后,粉煤灰中的Al2O3含量由47.58wt％提高至65.35wt％,当原料平均粒径为2.89 μm,烧结温度为1600℃,恒温时间为2h时,经预处理后的粉煤灰烧结得到莫来石相含量高、长约10 μm左右的棒状晶体,且理化性能良好,满足相关行业标准要求.     

粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖的制备工艺及性能研究

以固体废弃物粉煤灰与K2CO3为主要原料,通过预烧处理得到活化的粉煤灰原料,分别在850 ℃、875 ℃、900℃、925℃、950℃度进行常压烧结,制备得到粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖材料.利用XRD、SEM分别对其物相组成与微观结构进行测试,结合烧成样品的吸水率、体积密度、显微硬度随温度的变化规律,分析了烧结工艺对粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,样品中液相含量明显增加,在液相流动的作用下,坯体内部的气孔逐渐被填充,固相颗粒被粘结在一起形成连续的整体,从而形成致密的瓷体结构,当烧结温度为925 ℃时,样品的吸水率达到最小值:0.07%,维氏硬度达到最大值:5.9 GPa.而保温时间的增加,液相流动与物质迁移更充分,导致KAlSiO4晶粒尺寸增加,轮廓清晰,但并未对物相及其力学性能产生明显影响.     

利用粉煤灰与铝矾土合成莫来石的研究

用粉煤灰直接制备M45莫来石以及与铝矾土混合合成M60莫来石,可大大降低莫来石的合成成本。采用综合热分析仪(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行表征。结果表明:经800℃煅烧2 h并经除铁处理的粉煤灰可直接作为低牌号莫来石(M45)使用;用预处理的粉煤灰和铝矾土混合制备高牌号莫来石(M60)适宜的烧结温度为1 000℃;合成的莫来石的主要组分符合中国烧结莫来石标准(YB/T 5267—2005)。     

热压烧结制备粉煤灰建筑陶瓷的工艺研究

以固体废弃物粉煤灰为主要原料,通过对原料进行预烧处理工艺得到活化粉煤灰粉体,分别在850 ℃、875℃、900 ℃、925 ℃、950 ℃度进行真空热压烧结,制备粉煤灰建筑陶瓷复合材料.利用XRD对复合材料的物相组成进行分析、采用SEM分析样品的微观结构,结合烧成样品的吸水率、体积密度、硬度等,分析不同的烧结温度对陶瓷性能的影响.结果表明:真空热压烧结过程中,随着温度升高,样品低共熔相增多,致密化程度增加.当烧结温度达到925℃时,所得复合陶瓷材料晶粒分布均匀、细小,晶粒尺寸为0.4~0.5 μm;陶瓷样品的体积密度、吸水率、硬度分别为2.62 g/cm3、0.05%、6.5 GPa.     

烧结温度对煤层气井用陶粒支撑剂的影响研究

本文以阳泉铝矾土和煤矸石为原料,长石为烧结助剂,制备了适用于煤层气水力压裂开采的陶粒支撑剂.利用SEM和XRD,表征了不同温度下烧结的陶粒支撑剂的显微结构及物相组成;研究了烧结温度对陶粒支撑剂材料的抗破碎率、密度的影响.结果表明:样品结晶相为莫来石,刚玉和方石英,并随着温度升高,莫来石相含量逐渐增多,且结晶度也越来越好,在1450℃时,二次莫来石仍未转化完成;随着烧结温度的升高,样品密度与呈先上升后下降的趋势,破碎率呈现先降低后升高的趋势.1300℃烧结下的样品性能最好,体积密度为1.40 g/cm3,35 MPa下破碎率为7.06％.     

高铝粉煤灰的活化

以碳酸钠为活化剂,研究了粉煤灰提取氧化铝过程中物料煅烧参数及活化机理.通过X射线衍射表征了粉煤灰在碳酸钠活化前后物相的变化,分析了煅烧温度、煅烧时间以及粉煤灰与碳酸钠的配比等因素对莫来石反应完全程度的影响规律.结果表明:在碱溶前,粉煤灰主要为莫来石和玻璃相,碱溶后,粉煤灰熟料的物相主要为可溶性强的霞石.粉煤灰与碳酸钠的混合比例为1:0.85,煅烧时间为90 min,煅烧温度为880℃,氧化铝浸出率为69.3％.     

粉煤灰活化机制的研究

通过热失重(TGA)、XRD、孔结构和综合热分析(TSC-TG)的测试,研究了粉煤灰在不同外加剂和加热作用下的活化机制。特别是对粉煤灰中莫来石结构稳定性进行了探讨。结果显示,即使在强碱作用下,莫来石受侵蚀程度仍然很小。因此在研究粉煤灰活性时,可以不考虑莫来石的影响。     

Leaching characteristics of selected Korean fly ashes and its implications for the groundwater composition near the ash disposal mound

Currently only 20% of the fly ash produced in Korea is utilised for industry, and the remainder is disposed as waste in landfill sites. Both anthracite and sub-bituminous coals are burnt in Korea. Fly ash and coal samples were collected from five different coal-fired power stations in Korea and analysed for their chemistry and mineralogy. Batch leaching tests were also carried out to investigate the leaching behaviour of selected fly ashes. The fly ash leachate chemistry was compared with the groundwater taken directly from the monitoring well installed in one of the power stations. The anthracite coals contain illite, pyrophyllite and kaolinite whereas kaolinite is the representative clay mineral for the sub-bituminous coals. Anthracite coals were higher in Si, Al and K than the sub-bituminous coals, reflecting higher mineral matter contents in the anthracite coals. Mullite and quartz are the main mineral phases for two different types of the fly ashes, with some iron oxides. The chemical compositions of the anthracite and sub-bituminous fly ashes are comparable with each other, except for extraordinary high concentrations of Cr for one anthracite fly ash. Most of the trace elements in the ash were enriched in the finer fraction, indicating surface associations. Although, some elements including Na, K, Ca and Cu were released rapidly in the initial stage of leaching, measurable amounts of metals were still detectable in the fly ash leachate treated several times with distilled water. Such leaching behaviour indicates slow and long-term leaching of elements associated with the glass fractions of the ash particle. This was confirmed by leaching of weathered fly ash, which had been disposed of for several years. Comparison of the ash leachate, treated with 0.1N-HCl, fly ash slurry in the ash pond and the groundwater indicate the influence of the ash leachate from the ash disposal mound on the groundwater composition.     

粉煤灰泡沫陶瓷的制备及结构表征

以粉煤灰为主要原料,添加少量的高岭土及微量的添加剂为辅料,采用泡沫浸渍法制备粉煤灰泡沫陶瓷。采用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜研究了泡沫陶瓷的生成相及其分布,以及泡沫陶瓷的形貌：并对泡沫陶瓷的孔隙率、抗压强度等进行了表征。结果显示,泡沫陶瓷的生成相主要为莫来石,通过扫描电镜观察到莫来石为细长的针状,大量存在于孔隙位置。从泡沫陶瓷孔隙率的测试结果可知,随着粉煤灰含量的升高,泡沫陶瓷的平均孔隙率下降,抗压强度升高;同一组分试样,当烧结温度升高时,试样的平均气孔率下降,抗压强度升高到一定值后会下降。     

粉煤灰中玻璃体含量的化学物相分析

为快速评判粉煤灰的火山灰反应活性和分析其加工过程中技术特征,需准确测定粉煤灰中玻璃体含量.通过分析粉煤灰中各种矿物相在碱、酸溶液中溶解反应特征,提出碱-酸两段溶解来测定粉煤灰中玻璃体含量的化学物相分析法.粉煤灰中莫来石、石英、磁铁矿、赤铁矿和未燃尽碳粒,在碱、酸溶液中是稳定相;玻璃体和f-CaO在碱溶液中反应形成凝胶,凝胶在酸溶液中完全溶解,两者含量为溶解过程的质量缩减率,减去f-CaO含量即为玻璃体含量.测定操作要点,-20μm粉煤灰在90℃20%NaOH溶液溶解2.5 h,溶解1.5 h时湿磨至-12μm.碱溶解后滤渣在30℃10%的HNO3溶液溶解1.0 h.试样与试剂比例为5 g粉煤灰、500 mL NaOH溶液、200 mL HNO3溶液.     

高钙粉煤灰-水泥体系细度匹配与胶砂强度关系的试验研究

将高钙粉煤灰与纯水泥分别粉磨至不同的细度 ,然后分别与纯水泥按 1∶1的比例配成高钙粉煤灰水泥 ,进行龄期抗压强度试验。运用origin软件 ,以水泥与高钙粉煤灰比表面积之差S 为x轴 ,以它们混合后的比表面积S为y轴 ,以高钙粉煤灰 -水泥试样的抗压强度为z轴 ,进行三维区域图分析 ,给出各项性能指标发展趋势与水泥、高钙粉煤灰的相对位置以及混合体系总体细度的相互关系 ,进而考察高钙粉煤灰与水泥的细度匹配 ,并用高钙粉煤灰早期化学结合水量方法测定各匹配的高钙粉煤灰水泥的早期水化速度 ,以证实其宏观结果     

Preparation of high strength and low thermal conductivity mullite refractories based on reconstruction of fly ash

The preparation of refractories with both low thermal conductivity and high strength are continuously pursued in industrial furnaces. In this work, mullite refractories with low thermal conductivity and high strength were developed using fly ash as main raw material, and the influence of the quantity of fly ash and sintering temperature on the structure and properties of mullite refractories were investigated. The results show that mullite refractories with low thermal conductivity and high strength could be prepared by using fly ash in large proportion; the thermal conductivity of the samples decreased with the addition of the fly ash and increased with the increase of sintering temperature; the cold compressive strength and modulus of rupture of samples all are enhanced with the increase of sintering temperature, which is attributed to the formation of more elongated mullite by the reconstruction of fly ash at high temperature. For the mullite refractory using 65.04 wt% fly ash treated at 1600°C, the thermal conductivity was .732W/(m·k) at 1000°C, and the cold compressive strength and modulus of rupture could reach 143.5 ± 5.7 MPa and 47.0 ± 4.1 MPa respectively. It can be considered to use as a prospective work lining in industrial furnaces to meet energy saving requirements.     

煤粉炉和循环流化床锅炉飞灰吸附汞动力学及其吸附机制

在固定床吸附反应器内对两台300MW等级燃煤发电机组循环流化床锅炉和煤粉锅炉飞灰样品进行气相零价汞吸附实验,通过改变实验工况研究温度、入口汞浓度和入口气体流量对飞灰汞吸附能力的影响。采用颗粒内扩散模型、准一阶和准二阶动力学模型、耶洛维奇（Elovich）模型对实验数据分别进行拟合,从动力学的角度探讨两种锅炉飞灰对气相零价汞吸附的影响机制以及两种锅炉飞灰与气相零价汞之间吸附动力学行为差异。结果表明：相同工况下循环流化床锅炉飞灰汞吸附过程的穿透时间和平衡吸附量远大于煤粉锅炉飞灰。吸附温度为150℃时,两种锅炉飞灰对气相零价汞的平衡吸附量最大。由于外扩散阻力随气体入口流量的增加而减小,入口汞浓度的增加可提高传质推动力,飞灰对汞的吸附得以增强。动力学分析表明飞灰的零价汞吸附由外扩散、内扩散和表面化学吸附共同控制,其中表面化学吸附是该吸附过程中的控制步骤;准二阶动力学模型和Elovich动力学模型更适合于描述该吸附过程。相同实验条件下,循环流化床锅炉飞灰吸附过程拟合所得的颗粒内扩散系数、准一阶动力学常数和初始吸附速率均大于煤粉锅炉飞灰。     

In-situ growth of mullite whiskers and their effect on the microstructure and properties of porous mullite ceramics with an open/closed pore structure

Porous mullite ceramics with an open/closed pore structure were prepared by protein foaming method combined with fly ash hollow spheres. Both the open porosity and total porosity of samples were enhanced by increasing the hollow sphere content. Mullite whiskers with a diameter of 0.2–4 μm were grown in-situ in the porous mullite ceramics with an AlF₃ catalyst, conforming to a vapor-solid growth mechanism. The pore structure of the porous mullite ceramics was significantly affected by the mullite whiskers which increased the open porosity and total porosity. Moreover, the median pore size was reduced from 65.05 μm to 36.92 μm after the introduction of mullite whiskers. The flexural strength and the thermal conductivity of the samples decreased with increasing total porosity. The porosity dependence of the thermal conductivity was well described by the universal model, providing a reference for the prediction of thermal conductivity of porous ceramics with open/closed pores.     

粉煤灰细粉添加量对多孔莫来石材料的影响

为了提高粉煤灰的资源化利用,在m(漂珠):m(氢氧化铝):m(V2O5):m(AlF3)=45:55:4:3的混合料中分别添加不同量(每100 g混合料分别添加0、5、10、20、30 g)的粉煤灰细粉,以PVA溶液为结合剂,经干料混匀、泥料搅拌、泥料陈腐、挤制成型、1100℃保温2 h烧成制备莫来石试样,然后检测其致...     

Aluminium extraction and leaching characteristics of Talcher Thermal Power Station fly ash with sulphuric acid

Although fly ash disposal is of environmental concern the quality of residues can be improved with respect to high value applications. Fly ash is considered as a potential source of aluminium and other strategic metals. Leaching and metal extraction behaviour of fly ash collected from Talcher Thermal Power Station have been thoroughly studied using sulphuric acid as extractant. The chemical and mineralogical composition of post-leached samples have been determined. Aluminium extraction by direct leaching at low acid concentration and ambient temperature is not suitable for high recovery. The extraction efficiency of aluminium increases significantly at a higher solid:liquid ratio. It is evident that the leachability of metals from fly ash depends on the nature of leaching medium, solid:liquid ratio, temperature and leaching time.