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Atmospheric electricity research has been conducted actively in China, having profited from the development and application of high temporal and spatial resolution lightning detection and location technologies. This paper reviews the scientific advances made in the field of atmospheric electricity in China from 2011 to 2018, covering the following five aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques;(2) discharge processes and parameters associated with rocket-triggered lightning;(3) physical processes in natural lightning and attachment to the ground;(4) lightning activities and charge structure in different thunderstorms; and(5) effects of thunderstorms on the upper atmosphere. In addition, some outstanding questions for future research are outlined. 相似文献
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该文从雷电定位技术的研发、北京地区闪电特征和时空分布、闪电活动与强对流天气过程、雷电预警预报研究、雷电物理过程研究和雷暴起电放电数值模式研究6个方面综述了雷电研究的一些结果和近期的研究进展。通过对雷电多方面的研究, 对雷电放电特征有了较系统地了解, 特别是对北京地区的雷电时空分布特征有了较清晰地认识; 在雷电预警预报技术和方法、雷电物理过程等方面也取得了一些重要进展。但由于雷电发生的时空随机性和瞬时性, 对闪电放电物理过程的观测试验和理论研究十分困难, 目前对我国闪电活动规律的认识也仍然不够全面。因此需要对雷暴内动力、微物理和起电放电过程及它们之间的相关性开展深入和长期的基础研究, 加深对雷电发生发展特征的认识和理解, 这将为雷电预警预报以及雷电监测资料在强对流天气过程的监测预警中发挥更重要的作用提供理论基础; 而在雷电激发和传输研究的基础上, 开展地闪连接过程和不同频段雷电电磁辐射对电子设备的破坏效应等雷电成灾机理研究, 将为雷电防护技术的提高提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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QIE Xiushu 《大气科学进展》2012,29(5):993-1005
Atmospheric electricity is composed of a wide range of electric phenomena in the troposphere, strato- sphere, and even lower ionosphere. Research progress on atmospheric electricity in the past 5 years in China are briefly reviewed here. This research area has been greatly expanded through rocket-triggered lightning experiments and the increased use of high spatio-temporal resolution techniques for the detection and location of lightning. The main results described in this review are summarized in the following five aspects:(1) processes and parameters inferred from rocket-triggered lightning, (2) lightning physics and effects (observations and theoretical study), (3) lightning activities associated with different thunderstorms, (4) charge structure of thunderstorms (observations and simulation), and (5) the VHF/UHF lightning location techniques and discharge channel mapping. 相似文献
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雷暴中雷电活动与WRF模式微物理和动力模拟量的对比研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用WRF模式模拟发生在成都地区的典型雷暴天气过程,得到相应雷电活动过程中微物理和动力输出场,将其与雷电监测定位网所探测到的地闪资料进行对比分析,在电荷分离的微物理学基础上讨论了WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式输出的不同微物理及动力因子与地闪的相关性。结果表明:-10℃到-20℃之间的电荷分离区域内,冰晶粒子与霰粒子质量混合比最大值与地闪频数随时间变化趋势基本保持一致。在雷电活动中后期,霰、冰晶及雪晶粒子最大值位置与地闪密度大值中心位置对应性较好,空间上均能指示地闪发生区域。最大上升速度与风暴相对螺旋度可以指示地闪频数变化,风暴相对螺旋度空间上可指示地闪密度大值中心。模拟结果表明WRF模式微物理及动力输出场可以指示地闪活动的发生时间和位置,表现了日益成熟WRF模式进行雷电数值预报与研究的潜能。 相似文献
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暴雨与雹暴过程中对应的闪电活动特征显著不同,为了对比这两类对流过程中的闪电活动特征差异,该文选取了两种比较有代表性的雷暴个例——暴雨过程和雹暴过程,利用全闪(包括云闪与地闪)定位数据,分析了两者闪电活动特征以及闪电活动与对流降水之间的关系。研究发现:暴雨过程中地闪频次和正地闪比例均低于雹暴过程;相对于暴雨过程,雹暴过程的主正电荷区放电高度更高,主正电荷区所处的温度偏低;暴雨过程中,总闪频次与对流降水量、总闪频次与对流降水强度的相关性均优于雹暴过程。总体而言,雹暴过程中闪电活动特征及其与降水的关系更为复杂,这可能与雹暴过程具有更为复杂的动力和冰相过程有关。 相似文献
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该文选取北京地区2006年夏季的18次雷暴过程,利用SAFIR3000三维闪电定位系统观测到的总闪数据,分析了闪电与雷达反演的对流活动区降水量和对流活动区面积的相关关系,结果表明:北京地区的雷暴活动中,单个闪电所表征的降水量的范围在0.86×10~7~6.57×10~7kg/fl之间,平均值为2.65×10~7kg/fl;闪电活动与对流活动区降水量的线性相关关系显著,相关系数达到0.826;闪电活动与对流活动区面积也具有显著的线性关系,相关性系数达到0.846。文中给出了基于6 min闪电频次估算6 min对流降水量以及对流活动区面积的拟合方程。分析还发现,总闪活动与降水的关系要明显好于地闪,总闪信息的应用极大提高了分析结果的质量和可信性,分析结果对于利用闪电信息估测降水具有参考意义。 相似文献
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A review of atmospheric electricity research in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
QIE Xiushu ZHANG Yijun YUAN Tie ZHANG Qilin ZHANG Tinglong ZHU Baoyou LU Weitao MA Ming YANG Jing ZHOU Yunjun FENG Guili 《大气科学进展》2015,32(2):169-191
The importance of atmospheric electricity research has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. Research on atmospheric electricity has been actively conducted since the 1980 s in China. Lightning physics and its effects, as important branches of atmospheric electricity, have received more attention because of their significance both in scientific research and lightning protection applications. This paper reviews atmospheric electricity research based primarily on ground-based field experiments at different regions in China in the last decade. The results described in this review include physics and effects of lightning, rocket-triggered lightning and its physical processes of discharge, thunderstorm electricity on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, lightning activity associated with severe convective storms, the effect and response of lightning to climate change, numerical simulation of thunderstorm electrification and lightning discharge, lightning detection and location techniques, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms. 相似文献
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闪电电场变化测量系统是目前用于闪电物理研究以及闪电定位的重要手段之一, 提高测量系统的探测性能, 对于推动闪电物理以及闪电定位的研究具有重要作用。根据电磁感应原理, 研制出探测带宽为10 Hz~5 MHz的新型闪电电场变化测量仪。并进行了实验, 标定了测量仪输出信号与电场变化信号在频域上的数值关系。利用三套测量仪系统对南京多个强雷暴过程展开同步探测, 利用获取的数据反演了负地闪电场波形。对探测到的58次负地闪波形特征进行统计, 与国内外统计结果进行对比分析, 发现各个地区的负地闪预击穿过程和首次回击电场波形特征存在较大差异。 相似文献
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Cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning data and the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset are analyzed to gain insight into the spatiotemporal distribution and synoptic background of winter-season CG flashes between December 2010 and February 2020 in China.We identify three Winter Lightning Frequent Areas(WLAs):the southwest side of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(WLA1),the east side of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(WLA2),and the Poyang Lake Plain(WLA3).The CG lightning flashes most frequently occur at local midnight and have a monthly peak in February.The CG lightning in WLA1 is mostly generated in non-frontal weather;however,the lightning in WLA2 and WLA3 mostly occurs in frontal systems.The frontal circulation situation is divided into four typical types:transversal trough after high pressure,low vortex,confrontational convergence,and asymptotic convergence.In all typical weather patterns,the lightning occurs downstream of a 500 hPa trough and is accompanied by a southwesterly low-level jet.The convective parameters of winter thunderstorms differ greatly from those of summer thunderstorms.The maximum convective available potential energy(MCAPE)and K-index(KI)are more useful metrics than convective available potential energy(CAPE)and Showalter index(SI)during winter.This study further deepens the understanding of the distribution characteristics of winter CG lightning in China,which motivates further research to improve the ability of winter thunderstorm prediction. 相似文献
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选取2006—2008年发生在北京及其周边地区的28次雷暴过程,基于大气不稳定度参数和雷达参量对雷暴过程进行分类,分析了不同分类条件下的总闪电活动 (SAFIR3000三维闪电定位系统观测) 和对流降水 (雷达反演) 的关系。结果表明:整体而言,总闪对应降水量的平均值为1.92×107 kg·fl-1。依据对流有效位能和抬升指数对雷暴进行分类的分析表明,较强的不稳定状态对应了较小的总闪对应降水量,同时总闪频次和对流降水量的相关性更好。基于雷达特征参数的分类分析表明,总闪对应降水量在对流运动较弱情况下最小,其次是对流运动较强的情况下,而对流运动适中时最大。 相似文献
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A cloud-resolving study on the role of cumulus merger in MCS with heavy precipitation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The cumulus merging processes in generating the mesoscale convective system (MCS) on 23 August 2001 in the Beijing region are studied by using a cloud-resolving mesoscale model of MM5. The results suggest that the merger processes occurred among isolated convective cells formed in high mountain region during southerly moving process play critical role in forming MCS and severe precipitating weather events such as hailfall, heavy rain, downburst and high-frequency lightning in the region. The formation of the MCS experiences multi-scale merging processes from single-cell scale merging to cloud cluster-scale merging, and high core merging. The merger process can apparently alter cloud dynamical and microphysical properties through enhancing both low- and middle-level forcing. Also, lightning flash rates are enhanced by the production of more intense and deeper convective cells by the merger process, especially by which, the more graupel-like ice particles are formed in clouds. The explosive convective development and the late peak lightning flash rate can be found during merging process. 相似文献
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我国第二代静止气象卫星FY-4A观测能力较之前有明显提升,在天气特别是对流性天气监测和预测中具有较强的应用潜力。利用FY-4A气象卫星多通道扫描辐射成像仪(Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager,AGRI)和闪电成像仪(Lightning Mapping Imager,LMI)数据开展研究,分析了反演产品在强雷暴天气中的应用。研究表明,扫描辐射成像仪多通道组合白天对流风暴红-绿-蓝(red-green-blue,RGB)合成产品可以突出具有强上升气流的对流性雷暴云,较单通道及多通道可见光合成产品具有监测优势;闪电成像仪产品较地面闪电探测闪电产品能够探测到更多的闪电,对新生对流和较弱对流产生的闪电监测具有优势;在华北和黄淮一次强雷暴天气过程中,白天对流风暴RGB合成产品能够监测云系发展的过程,卫星监测闪电活动频数和冰雹活动一致性较好。 相似文献
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针对热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)闪电已有研究,首先从闪电活动分布特征、眼壁闪电爆发对TC强度和路径的指示、外雨带闪电活动与雨带对流结构的关系三个方面进行了总结;其次从动力一微物理方面对TC闪电的形成原因和特征机理进行了梳理;最后提出当前研究中存在的两个关键问题,并对后续研究内容进行了展望。基于地基和空基相结合的综合闪电探测得到的闪电属性特征参量,有望建立一个明确的、具有代表性的闪电活动一TC强度变化关系。利用沿海地区架设的三维闪电定位系统结合地基双偏振霄达,针对登陆台风强对流过程开展的综合观测研究,将有助于推进闪电观测资料在台风中小尺度强对流监测、预警和资料同化中的应用。 相似文献
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地闪与对流性天气系统中降水关系的分析 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
利用1997年夏季在中国科学院兰州高原大气物理所平凉雷电与暴雹实验站设置的3站闪电定位系统所取得的地闪资料与雷达、降水及探空等资料进行了对比分析,发现地闪与对流性天气中的降水有较好的相关性,这种相关性用来对一般性对流天气中降水进行估测是可行的。通过非线性回归近似拟合得到平均雨强与对应时段内的地闪数回归方程为R=1.692lnF-0.273,相关系数r为0.8641。同时地闪频数与层结最大不稳定能量一样能够指示对流性天气的发生和发展。 相似文献