熔融还原炼铁最新技术及工艺路线选择探讨

 熔融还原炼铁工艺是非高炉炼铁的重要工艺,也是未来炼铁工艺的重要研发方向,目前投入商业化生产的熔融还原炼铁工艺主要有COREX、FINEX、HIsmelt工艺。为了更及时地了解熔融还原炼铁工艺的最新技术动态,有针对性地选择熔融还原炼铁工艺路线,根据近年来对上述3种主要熔融还原炼铁工艺的技术追踪和研究,阐述了中国在引进、消化COREX工艺过程中,在原燃料优化、解决预还原竖炉黏结问题以及工艺控制系统优化取得的技术进步。介绍了韩国浦项公司FINEX工艺在预还原流化床大型化、降低流化床系统高度、能源高效利用等方面的最新技术成果。并对中国引进HIsmelt熔融还原炼铁工艺后,对HIsmelt工艺未来的技术发展方向提出建议和展望。最后,从原燃料条件、炼铁-炼钢工艺路线、产品质量等方面,对如何选择熔融还原炼铁工艺路线提出建议。     

现有主要炼铁工艺的优缺点和研发方向

 对现有主要炼铁工艺的优缺点和研发的方向做了简要评述。讨论了中国炼铁工艺的差距和努力方向。在今后相当长时期内大型高炉流程仍将是主要产铁设备,高炉流程优化的目标是用足设计炉顶压力,进一步降低能耗,应通过开发以煤代焦的新技术,将大型高炉的入炉焦比降低到200 kg/t以下,节省焦炭等优质资源、改善环保。降低铁水成本,减少污染物排放量,实现炼焦厂、烧结厂的清洁生产,建设生态型钢铁企业。直接还原炼铁工艺的研发方向是加强研究粉煤加压气化生产合成煤气及利用炼钢炼焦剩余煤气,用于大中型直接还原竖炉或流化床生产优质直接还原铁。完善改进引进的COREX 3000工艺,开发使用粉矿、粉煤的技术设备,开展创新非高炉炼铁技术,形成有中国特色的熔融还原工艺。     

替代高炉熔融还原仍需技术创新

鉴于高炉炼铁工艺存在的一些缺点,炼铁工作者不断研究和开发新的熔融还原炼铁工艺,试图替代高炉。从炼铁的基本原理出发,对这些熔融还原炼铁工艺的发展状况和存在的问题进行了分析。要想替代高炉,熔融还原工艺只有通过大量的技术创新,才能完全解决存在的问题,达到安全、可靠和经济的运行。     

现代炼铁工艺及低碳发展方向分析

分析了现代高炉炼铁和非高炉炼铁(直接还原、熔融还原)工艺特点和发展现状,从多个方面比较现有生产条件下各工艺的优缺点。从能源结构、生产规模及工艺成熟度阐述高炉炼铁在当前仍是国内主流工艺,并结合当前国内外低碳发展趋势和政策要求,提出高炉工艺降低碳耗的措施,明确了以“短流程”替代“长流程”和以新能源替代碳素冶金的发展方向,以最终实现“零碳炼铁”。结合现有的国际上的能源结构调整方向,指出了氢冶金的发展方向。     

非高炉炼铁技术的发展方向和策略

基于国内外能源市场的变化和严峻形势,评述了直接还原和熔融还原炼铁技术的最新进展,指出了非高炉炼铁技术的发展方向,并提出开发炼铁新技术的相关措施.     

对炼铁技术发展方向的几点认识

炼铁工艺已经形成高炉系统和非高炉系统两大系列。高炉系统的技术发展方向是：①扩大资源的利用范围与水平；②进一步改进工艺，节能降耗；③余能余热的回收利用与环保。非高炉系统重点谈谈粉矿熔融还原走向商业化需要改进的方向与方法设想。     

未来高炉炼铁工艺之管见

相对于直接还原和熔融还原工艺,高炉工艺生产规模大,且与转炉结合的高炉-转炉流程净能耗最低,成本最具竞争力,仍是最适应可预见未来的炼铁生产工艺。但未来高炉炼铁生产规模将受制于炼钢的废钢使用量,由此将导致我国未来高炉炼铁生产可能出现下降趋势。认为高炉炼铁工艺不断的流程改进和工序完善,加之持续的革新探索,包括高炉吃废钢、流程优化、操作控制改进、原燃料优化等,将使高炉炼铁工艺长久保持其强大的生命力和竞争力。     

新技术讲座 熔融还原新工艺简介

1非高炉炼铁——熔融还原工艺的产生和发展 1．1高炉炼铁工艺面临的挑战 高炉法炼铁已有600多年历史,对世界经济和钢铁工业的发展以及人类的文明进步做出了不可估量的贡献,但近年来受到严峻挑战。其主要原因如下。     

碳中和背景下我国低碳炼铁技术发展现状与前景

我国钢铁生产工艺长期以“高炉—转炉”长流程为主,能源结构高碳化特征明显。作为钢铁流程中的碳排放大户,炼铁系统深度减碳成为我国钢铁行业实现碳中和目标的关键。本文分别从高炉炼铁和非高炉炼铁两个角度出发,梳理总结了各主要低碳炼铁工艺技术的研究进展和主要问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。我国钢铁工业应把技术创新作为降碳的核心要素,结合行业发展趋势和自身特点,加大力度开发适合我国国情的低碳炼铁新技术;综合考虑资产保值、技术成熟程度和降碳潜力,短期内应以基于现有高炉工艺的深度脱碳技术创新为主要方向,从而为远期零碳钢铁的发展提供过渡方案和缓冲空间;中长期以富氢气基竖炉直接还原技术为发展重点,不断提升其技术成熟度和经济适用性,逐步提高氢气比例直至全氢冶炼;氢基熔融还原技术和电解还原铁技术的发展任重道远,未来有望成为实现我国钢铁行业碳中和目标的解决方案之一。     

我院直接还原技术发展的回顾与展望

ＣＯＥＲＸ熔融还原装置在南非在伊斯科钢铁公司比勒陀利亚厂的正式投产，对传统的高炉炼铁工艺产生了巨大的冲击，形成了炼铁的工艺的发展态势，还对着普通面临技术改造，实现技术结构优化的我国钢铁也产生了很大的影响。为了适应国内市场需求，我院也积极参与非高炉炼铁的研究与开发，。本文便是反映我院结合地区资源实际和国内市场研究屯开发炼铁新工艺的情况。１９９３年９月１我院开展ＣＤＲ３００型熔融还原（试验）装置的方案     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

正~~     

Zinc Production by Province in 2014

正~~     

80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.