Observation of two-proton radioactivity of 19Mg by tracking the decay products

We have observed the two-proton radioactivity of the previously unknown (19)Mg ground state by tracking the decay products in-flight. For the first time, the trajectories of the 2p-decay products, (17)Ne+p+p, have been measured by using tracking microstrip detectors which allowed us to reconstruct the 2p-decay vertices and fragment correlations. The half-life of (19)Mg deduced from the measured vertex distribution is 4.0(15) ps in the system of (19)Mg. The Q value of the 2p decay of the (19)Mg ground state inferred from the measured p-p-(17)Ne correlations is 0.75(5) MeV.     

Spectroscopy of Na: Bridging the two-proton radioactivity of Mg

The unbound nucleus ¹⁸Na, the intermediate nucleus in the two-proton radioactivity of ¹⁹Mg, was studied by the measurement of the resonant elastic scattering reaction H(¹⁷Ne,p)¹⁷Ne performed at 4 A.MeV using a radioactive beam from the SPIRAL Facility. Spectroscopic properties of the low-lying states were obtained in an R-matrix analysis of the excitation function.     

Microscopic theory of the two-proton radioactivity

We formulate a theory of the two-proton radioactivity based on the real-energy continuum shell model. This microscopic approach is applied to describe the two-proton decay of the 1(-)(2) state in 18Ne.     

Systematic study of two-proton radioactivity within a Gamow-like model

In this study,based on the Gamow-like model,we systematically analyze two-proton(2p) radioactivity half-lives of nuclei near or beyond the proton drip line.It is found that the calculated results can reproduce experimental data well.Furthermore,using this model,we predict the half-lives of possible 2p radioactivity candidates whose 2p radioactivity is energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in the latest table of evaluated nuclear properties,i.e.,NUBASE2016.The predicted results are in good agreement with those from other theoretical models and empirical formulas,namely the effective liquid drop model(ELDM),generalized liquid drop model(GLDM),Sreej a formula,and Liu formula.     

Systematic study of two-proton radioactivity half-lives using the two-potential and Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approaches

In this work, we systematically study the two-proton (\begin{document}$2p$\end{document}) radioactivity half-lives using the two-potential approach, and the nuclear potential is obtained using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach and the Skyrme effective interaction of SLy8. For true \begin{document}$2p$\end{document} radioactivity (\begin{document}$Q_{2p}$\end{document} \begin{document}$>$\end{document} 0 and \begin{document}$Q_p$\end{document} \begin{document}$< $\end{document}0, where \begin{document}$Q_p$\end{document} and \begin{document}$Q_{2p}$\end{document} are the released energies of the one-proton and two-proton radioactivity, respectively), the standard deviation between the experimental half-lives and our theoretical calculations is 0.701. In addition, we extend this model to predict the half-lives of 15 possible \begin{document}$2p$\end{document} radioactivity candidates with \begin{document}$Q_{2p}$\end{document} \begin{document}$>$\end{document} 0 obtained from the evaluated atomic mass table AME2016. The calculated results indicate a clear linear relationship between the logarithmic \begin{document}$2p$\end{document} radioactivity half-lives (\begin{document}${\log}_{10}T_{1/2}$\end{document}) and coulomb parameters [(\begin{document}$Z_{d}^{0.8}$\end{document}+\begin{document}${l}^{\,0.25}$\end{document})\begin{document}$Q_{2p}^{-1/2}$\end{document}] considering the effect of orbital angular momentum proposed by Liu \begin{document}$et$\end{document} \begin{document}$al.$\end{document} [Chin. Phys. C 45, 024108 (2021)]. For comparison, the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM), effective liquid drop model (ELDM), and Gamow-like model are also used. Our predicted results are consistent with those obtained using other relevant models.     

Theoretical study of two-proton radioactivity. Status,predictions, and applications

In this paper the survey of the current state of investigation of two-proton radioactivity and related processes (three-body decays) is presented. The three-body (core + p + p) theoretical model of two-proton radioactivity based on the hyperspherical harmonics method and approximate boundary conditions of the Coulomb’s three-body problem specific for the studied class of processes is considered. The predictions for lifetimes and correlations of decay products for “promising” two-proton emitters are given. Astrophysical applications of the theory of two-proton radioactivity are discussed.     

Description of two-proton radioactivity on the basis of methods of the quantum theory of ternary nuclear fission

The two-proton decay of spherical nuclei is investigated on the basis of the formalism developed in constructing the quantum-mechanical theory of ternary fission. The proposed method for determining the amplitudes of partial widths with respect to two-proton decay and the asymptotic behavior of the wave function for a decaying nucleus makes it possible to solve the problem of describing two-proton radioactivity without recourse to the traditionally used (in R-matrix approaches) cumbersome procedure of matching the internal and the external wave function for the decaying nucleus within the three-body formulation. In the diagonal approximation and with allowance for the properties of the potential describing the interaction of the products of two-proton decay, the structure of the wave function for the Cooper pair of two protons bound in the parent nucleus is analyzed, along with the behavior of the wave function describing the potential scattering of the products of binary decay, the coupling of decay channels being taken into account in this analysis.     

Studies with one- and two-proton drip line nuclei

In recent experiments at GANIL, we studied nuclei at the one- and two-proton drip line. The production rates allowed to search for direct 2p emission in the drip line nuclei ⁴²Cr, ⁴⁵Fe, and ⁴⁹Ni. No evidence for this decay mode was found in ⁴²Cr and ⁴⁹Ni, whereas the situation stays unclear for ⁴⁵Fe due to the limited statistics. In the medium-mass region ( A = 50-70), the half-life was measured for all proton-rich nuclei in the range T _z = 0 to T _z = - 1 between Z = 27 and Z = 36. First half-lives were determined for ⁶⁰Ga, ⁶²Ge, ⁶⁴As and ⁶⁶Se. Finally, β-decay studies of the 0⁺ → 0⁺ decay of ⁶²Ga have been performed at IGISOL in Jyv?skyl?. Non-analog transitions have been observed and are compared to theoretical predictions. Received: 21 March 2002 / Accepted: 16 May 2002 / Published online: 31 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: blank@cenbg.in2p3.fr     

Discovery of doubly magic 48Ni

In an experiment at the SISSI/LISE3 facility of GANIL, we used the projectile fragmentation of a primary 58Ni26+ beam at 74.5 MeV/nucleon with an average current of 3 &mgr;A on a natural nickel target to produce very neutron-deficient isotopes. In a 10-day experiment, 287 42Cr isotopes, 53 45Fe isotopes, 106 49Ni isotopes, and 4 48Ni isotopes were unambiguously identified. The doubly magic nucleus 48Ni, observed for the first time, is the most proton-rich isotope ever identified with an isospin projection T(z) = -4. It is probably the last doubly magic nucleus with "classical" shell closures accessible for present-day facilities. Its observation allows us to deduce a lower limit for the half-life of 48Ni of 0.5 &mgr;s.     

New approach to imaging of two-proton source functions

The influence of protons emitted from both fast and slow emission mechanisms in 2-proton correlations measured in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies is discussed. The size of the fast emitting source is found to be determined mainly by the width of the correlation peak at 20 MeV/c, rather than by its magnitude. To illustrate the new analysis technique, the total momentum dependence of p-p correlations measured in ¹⁴N+¹⁹⁷Au reactions at E/A=75 MeV is studied with an imaging analysis. The extracted results and the basic ideas behind the proposed analysis technique provide new tools for using particle-partcile correlation measurements as a probe of nuclear reactions.     

R-matrix formalism with physical boundary conditions for heavy-ion scattering and application to 24Mg on 24Mg

An R-matrix formalism for multi-channel scattering problems is developed with special boundary conditions at the matching radius. The boundary conditions in the elastic channels are chosen by means of the phase shifts of the uncoupled problem, while the boundary conditions in the inelastic channels are those of Kapur and Peierls. The method is applied to the elastic scattering and inelastic excitation of ²⁴Mg on ²⁴Mg. The results are compared with coupled channel calculations and experimental data.     

Mechanisms and widths of two-proton decay

A method for calculating the widths of two-proton decay of nuclei with regard to its deep subbarrier character is proposed. The structure and coupling of the channels of facilitated two-proton decay of spherical nuclei are considered for the diproton and uncorrelated mechanisms of two-proton decay.     

Mg2Ni分子的结构和势能函数

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311+g(d,p)基组水平上对MgNi、Mg2和Mg2Ni分子的各种可能的结构进行优化,得到了它们的几何构型、平衡核间距、离解能和谐振频率.采用最小二乘法拟合MgNi和Mg2分子的Murrell-Sorbie势能函数,在此基础上导出光谱数据和力常数.通过多体项展式理论导出Mg2Ni分子的解析势能函数,并绘出了Mg2Ni分子的等值势能面,其等值势能面正确地反应了基态Mg2Ni分子的平衡构型特征.     

First observation of 54Zn and its decay by two-proton emission

The nucleus 54Zn has been observed for the first time in an experiment at the SISSI/LISE3 facility of GANIL in the quasifragmentation of a 58Ni beam at 74.5 MeV/nucleon in a (nat)Ni target. The fragments were analyzed by means of the ALPHA-LISE3 separator and implanted in a silicon-strip detector where correlations in space and time between implantation and subsequent decay events allowed us to generate almost background free decay spectra for about 25 different nuclei at the same time. Eight 54Zn implantation events were observed. From the correlated decay events, the half-life of 54Zn is determined to be 3.2(+1.8)(-0.8) ms. Seven of the eight implantations are followed by two-proton emission with a decay energy of 1.48(2) MeV. The decay energy and the partial half-life are compared to model predictions and allow for a test of these two-proton decay models.     

Flame-fluorescence detection of Mg,Ni, and Pb with a frequency-doubled dye laser as excitation source

The determination of traces of Mg, Ni, and Pb by atomic fluorescence spectrometry using frequency doubled dye laser emission for excitation is reported. Low detection limits and long linear analytical working curves demonstrate the qualification of this method for quantitative analysis.