沥青混合料的质量控制

近年来,部分地区工程建设竣工不足1a,沥青混凝土面层就出现了坑槽、车辙、脱粒等早期病害。除与施工工艺有关,沥青与沥青混合料的质量控制成为保证路面面层使用寿命的关键。论文重点阐述沥青混合料的质量控制措施。     

水泥混凝土路面上加铺沥青面层的技术

介绍了水泥混凝土路面上加铺沥青面层的技术，对旧水泥混凝土路面的技术状况及病害进行了阐述，分析了水泥混凝土路面加铺改造的现状，提出了加铺沥青混凝土面层的技术措施。     

沥青混凝土路面车辙病害及预防对策

从沥青路面面层构造、沥青材料、外界环境等方面,对沥青混凝土路面车辙病害的产生原因进行了深入分析,并提出了沥青混凝土路面车辙病害的预防对策,希望对工程实际有一定的参考价值。     

山区公路沥青混凝土面层施工质量控制

沥青混凝土面层施工是山区公路施工过程中的重要工序。本文分析了山区公路沥青混凝土材料质的量控制,在运输过程中的质量控制;山区公路沥青混凝土面层的摊铺质量控制和山区公路沥青混凝土面层碾压施工质量控制。     

市政道路维护工程中沥青混凝土面层的施工技术

在市政道路施工中,公路路面因为长期暴露在环境中,是汽车荷载的直接承受体,容易出现损害和问题。基于此,文章列出了常见的沥青混凝土面层施工问题,并针对不同的问题分析了相应的修复办法,保证沥青混合料配合比,做好沥青混凝土面层施工前期准备,对沥青混凝土施工技术进行了具体的介绍,并具体分析了沥青混凝土面层施工问题修复技术,希望能为市政道路维护工程提供参考,进而减少公路病害。     

复合式桥面铺装层综合防水系统质量控制

通过分析复合式水泥混凝土桥面沥青面层产生病害的主要现象和原因,结合工程实际,详细阐述了复合式水泥混凝土桥面铺装沥青面层的整体施工过程及质量控制方法,对如何选择科学适用的防水涂料层、改善提高粘结力和尽可能地增加层间结合面积,增强层间抗剪强度以防止早期水损害提出了合理的桥面铺装结构施工建议。     

新华街新建路改造中沥青混凝土面层施工探析

随着公路使用年限的不断增加,公路路面会出现一系列病害,影响公路的正常使用。为了确保公路工程正常运营,可以采用加铺沥青混凝土面层的方法进行改造,提高沥青路面的使用性能,论文以一实例,对沥青混凝土面层在新建路改造中的应用进行探讨,分析了沥青混凝土面层施工过程中遇到的问题,并制定了应对措施,值得类似工程借鉴和参考。     

浅谈沥青混凝土面层施工技术在市政道路维护工程中的应用

大多数市政道路在经过长时间的使用之后,很容易出现塌陷、坑洼等病害,需要加强维护才能够保证沥青混凝土路面的正常使用。在市政道路维护工程中应用沥青混凝土面层施工技术,能够快速治理这些病害,延长沥青混凝土路面的使用寿命。     

道路工程沥青混凝土面层施工技术

因为沥青混凝土路面具有路面坚实、平整度高、稳定性好、防水耐久、有良好的抗滑性能等特点。所以为了延长沥青砼面层的使用寿命,只有加强沥青混凝土面层的施工质量及控制。本文对市政道路施工中沥青混凝土面层施工技术进行了分析与探讨。     

市政道路中沥青混凝土面层的施工技术剖析

在我国市政工程迅速发展的今天,只有通过提升面层施工质量才能有效的提升道路工程的施工质量。本文从阐述市政道路中沥青混凝土面层的施工存在的问题入手,对市政道路中沥青混凝土面层的施工技术应用进行了分析。     

Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit von magnetisch induktiven Betondeckungsmessungen

Assessment of the accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current devices The use of non‐destructive testing in civil‐engineering (NDT‐CE) is well established to assess as‐built drawings for existing structures as well as for quality assurance of new buildings or in case of concrete repair. To gain reliable results the choice of the appropriate testing method in combination with the correct data assessment is essential. Hence this article starts with the basics of the two typical testing methods for concrete cover measurement with high precision. Methods based on Eddy Current and based on Radar are different. The strengths and limitations of both methods are presented. In the second part the achievable accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current will be assessed for the most important parameters that have been varied in a wide range. It is shown how results are influenced by an improper input of the diameter or by the effect of neighbored rebars. At the end of the article it is shown how the deviation of the results can be minimized using the internal neighboring rebar correction of some of the devices. This article does not intend to be a product test rather the influence parameters of measurements close to reality will be identified and quantified how the accuracy of concrete cover measurements is affected.     

基坑开挖对邻近任意角度建筑物影响的有限元分析

实测结果表明,邻近基坑的建筑物与基坑边互不垂直时,基坑开挖将导致墙体同时发生挠曲变形与扭转变形。三维有限元分析表明,对与基坑边成一定角度的建筑物,当其跨越坑外沉降槽最低点或沉降曲线上凸区域时,建筑物所产生的扭转变形最为显著。随着建筑物与基坑距离的变化和建筑物纵墙与基坑边之间夹角的变化,当建筑物位于天然地面沉降挠曲程度较大的位置时,建筑物的挠曲变形对墙体拉应变起主要作用,墙体最大拉应变发生在建筑物纵墙垂直于基坑边,即纵墙与基坑边相互垂直时是建筑物的最不利位置;而当建筑物位于天然地面挠曲程度较小的位置时,墙体的拉应变源于挠曲变形与扭转变形的共同作用,纵墙墙体的最大拉应变将发生在与基坑边成一定角度的建筑物纵墙上,此时纵墙与基坑边垂直并不是建筑物的最不利位置。     

ÖBB Steyrtalbrücke – Belastungsprobe und Langzeitmessungen

ÖBB Steyrtalbridge – Load test and long term measurements At km 65,621 of the railroad track between Linz and Selzthal the Steyrtalbridge was rebuilt in the years 2013 and 2014. The essential design criterion from the client ÖBB Infrastruktur AG was the endeavor of an optimized bridge under consideration of life‐cylce‐cost, which among other things despite a bridge length of 182 m can be designed without high‐maintenance breather switches. Based on the current standards and certain design flexibilities, which are allowed in the codes special ways and techniques were used to calculate the rail tension. With this results of the rail‐structure‐interaction it was possible to design without breather switches. As consequence of the assumptions in the planning process it was necessary to make comprehensive measurements which shall give information of the real behavior of the bridge and compare them with the assumptions and results of the static calculation. Therefor static and dynamic load test were performed before opening to regular traffic. In addition long term measurements were carried out to evaluate the load‐bearing behavior over time and to confirm the calculation approaches for the verification of the rail‐structure‐interaction. In this article the planning of the monitoringsystem, the implementation and results of the load test and the following long term measurements are illustrated.     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Beurteilung der Tragfähigkeit von geschädigten Stahlbetonbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse einer Bauwerksprüfung

Structural Reliability Assessment of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridges on the Basis of the Results from a Bridge Inspection The regular bridge inspection is of high importance for the reliable use of the infrastructure. This paper describes and explains a method with supports the engineers of a bridge inspection in the assessment of the damaged bridges during or directly after the inspection. Based on this initial estimate the urgent measures i.e. a lower permitted bridge class can still be carried out before more detailed inspections and calculations have been done. The reliability analyses for the damaged bridges are carried out using first order and second order reliability method (FORM and SORM). The probability of failure, p_f or the safety index, of the system respectively are the main results of the calculation procedure. This paper shows the approach and the application with an example. Particularly in the communal sector the method can be helpful, because it can not be assumed that in all cases the regular bridge inspections and the appropriate maintenance have been carried out.     

Bewertung einer alten genieteten Stahlbrücke – Die Bösebrücke in Berlin

Evaluation of an old riveted steel bridge – The Böse‐Bridge in Berlin, Germany. This report is about the recalculation of the Böse‐Bridge in Berlin which was built between 1912 and 1916. A special feature of this three‐bayed truss arch bridge is the nickel steel used in the main bay. Different models have been used to recalculate the main structure, the truss nodes and the carriageway slab. The static analysis is based on the semi‐probabilistic concept. As a result of this recalculation the construction was classified to have the bridge capacity 30‐30 according to DIN 1072. Finally, this report concludes by determining the remaining lifetime depending on the concept of the Wöhler curves.     

捕捉“光线”——解读葡萄牙“梅莉德斯周末住宅”

本文以阿雷斯·马特乌斯兄弟设计的梅莉德斯周末住宅的院子为线索,通过其与冈卡罗·伯内设计的“阿维罗大学的校长楼”进行比较,揭示了“光线”是其设计的核心。这为我们研究葡萄牙建筑提供了更为全面的视野。但更为重要的是,文章表明了类型学的方法论在中国大规模快速建造的今天更具现实意义。     

Feldversuche mit dem Brückenklappverfahren

Field Tests with the Balanced Lift Method As a counterpart to the lowering arch construction method the “balanced lift method” for bridge girders is suggested. The bridge girders can be built in combination with the pier using climbing forms in a vertical position. Therefore, during the production no bending stresses are generated in the girders. Thus, the balanced lift method allows lower costs and a shorter construction time than the traditional balanced cantilever method. The span of the bridge girders is reduced by the compression struts or tension ties which results in substantial savings in construction materials compared to the balanced cantilever method for bridge construction. The proposed method will be especially advantageous for bridges with high piers. The range of the span length for the application of the balanced lift method ranges between 50 m and 250 m.     

Entwicklung eines baupraktischen Näherungsverfahrens zur Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Massivbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse von Bauwerksüberprüfungen

Im vorliegenden Teil 2 des Beitrags wird die Entwicklung des baupraktischen Näherungsverfahrens für die Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Massivbrücken im Rahmen der RI‐EBW‐PRÜF vorgestellt. Wesentlicher Inhalt ist dabei die Modellierung der Modellunsicherheit Bauwerksprüfer, da die Bewertung der Mängel und Schäden an einem Brückenbauwerk durch den jeweiligen Bauwerksprüfer einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Zustandsbewertung hat. Zudem wird auf die Dimensionsanalyse von Grenzzustandsfunktionen näher eingegangen, da damit bei geschickter Normierung eine allgemein gültige Anwendung des Verfahrens erreicht werden kann. Die Anwendung des Verfahrens erfolgt mit einem Software‐Tool, das abschließend vorgestellt wird. In Teil 1 des Beitrags wurden die Grundlagen des Verfahrens sowie die Entwicklung der veränderten stochastischen Material‐ und Geometrieparameter infolge Schädigung behandelt. Development of an Approximation Procedure for a Structural Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridges on the Basis of the Results from Bridge Inspection Part 2 of the paper shows the development of the approximation procedure for the reliability assessment of reinforced concrete bridges according to RI‐EBW‐PRÜF. An essential part of this is the development carried out by the model uncertainty bridge inspector, as the respective bridge inspector's individual assessment of the damage of a bridge has a decisive influence on the condition evaluation. Furthermore, the dimensional analyses of ultimate limit states are shown, as the general use of the developed methodology can be achieved with an ingenious standardization. The application of the procedure with the developed software tool is presented in conclusion. Part 1 of the two papers describes the basics of the methodology and shows the development of the stochastic models for the material and geometry parameters which have changed as a result of damage.     

Museumsinsel Berlin – Geotechnische Untersuchungen für die Grundinstandsetzung und Ergänzung des Pergamonmuseums

Museum Island in Berlin – Geotechnical investigations for the overhauling and completion of the Pergamon Museum. Overhauling the Pergamon Museum on the Museum Island in Berlin is a particularly complex task concerning geotechnics. On the one hand the substratum and ground water conditions in the area concerned are very inhomogeneous and on the other hand the Pergamon Museum and its neighbouring museums are especially valuable buildings worthy of protection. The initial target of the geotechnical investigation programme was to further safeguard the substratum and ground water conditions. Here systematic investigation of the substratum was carried out based on old historical drillings in order to enable the use of innovative special civil and underground engineering procedures. Furthermore it was necessary to investigate the foundation situation of the existing buildings. The planning objective is the technical and cost‐effectively optimized choice of the required geotechnical measures for the intended overhaul and refurbishment of the Pergamon Museum.