电火花加工工件表面粗糙度的评定与测试

电火花加工的加工表面与切削加工表面有很大的区别。但是,目前电火花加工工件的表面粗糙度仍然沿用切削加工表面粗糙度的评定方法和测试手段,这样不能准确地反映火花加工后工件表面的真实形貌。本文根据电火花加工的特点,提出电火花加工工件表面粗糙度的评定参数和测试方法。     

复合材料的切削加工表面结构与表面粗糙度

普通金属材料的切削加工理论表面粗糙度可以用公式计算。复合材料经切削加工后其表面留有各种凹凸缺陷,这些谷峰轮廓并非由刀刃直接切出,故不宜用现有普通材料的公式计算其理论表面粗糙度。纤维增强复合材料的切削加工表面结构和粗糙度与切削方向密切相关。颗粒增强复合材料无方向性,其已加工表面结构和粗糙度主要受增强颗粒硬度和粒度以及含量控制。增强体与基体的界面强度及切削刀具和工艺条件对复合材料加工表面粗糙度有很大影响。      

试析表面粗糙度对零部件的影响

通过分析表面粗糙度对零部件的影响,从而为在实际生产加工过程中如何控制表面粗糙度的精度提供依据。     

表面粗糙度及表面形状的测量与描述

用足够的放大倍数研究零件表面时，发现所有的固体表面都是不平的。在最小的情况下，可认为表面粗糙度是以单个的原子或分子的尺寸呈现的。例如，当我们仔细将云母样品分层时，表面就可能是以分子组成光滑表面的。而实际工程中用的准确度最高的抛光表面所呈现的粗糙度尺寸也远远大于原子的尺寸。研究表面粗糙度及表面形状，最理想的测量方法应是扫描显微镜或原子力显微镜法，它们能解决单个原子的问题。但对大多数工程实际来讲，更适合的方法是研究表面形貌。一、表面粗糙度及表面形状的测量1．接触测量法表面光度仪，其基本原理如图1所示。…     

表面缺陷与表面粗糙度的区分及其评定

表面缺陷是评定机械加工工件表面质量的几何参量。目前我国尚无表面缺陷的国、部(专业)标准,仅在表面粗糙度标准中有定性而无定量的说明。本文提出了表面缺陷与表面粗糙度的合理区分及其评定方法,这对于控制表面质量、提高产品合格率和经济效益有着实用意义。 我国和ISO及各国标准都不把表面缺陷算作表面粗糙度范围,并要从测量中排除。但一般均指出,对表面缺陷如有要求,应另作规定。 鉴于我国表面缺陷标准尚未制订,在执行GB1031—83表面粗糙度国家标准时,正确理解表面缺陷的含义,合理区分与评定表面缺陷和表面粗糙度是一个很重要的问题。…     

颗粒的表面粗糙度

收集了颗粒表面粗糙度的7种定义，对其适用性进行了定量评估。     

表面粗糙度的混合谱模型及综合评定

本文采用自回归谱分析结合改进周期图检验方法,建立表面粗糙度的混合谱模型,以分离其中表现为离散谱的确定性谐波成分和表现为连续谱的随机性成分,并在此基础上提出综合评定表面粗糙度各种参数的方法。同时,对AR模型的阶数与谐波成分识别给出较为有效的经验判定方法。     

喷丸材料及粒径对300M钢原始表面粗糙度的影响

过去的研究忽视了零件表面原始粗糙度对喷丸后形成的粗糙度的重大影响,而表面粗糙度又是考核喷丸质量的重要指标。采用车削、精车削和磨削3种加工方式在300M钢表面形成3种粗糙度,采用不同喷丸工艺,测定了300M钢喷丸前后的表面粗糙度,观察了材料表面形貌,研究了喷丸对300M钢表面粗糙度的影响。结果显示,铸钢弹丸对材料表面形貌...     

基体表面粗糙度对H13钢板表面镀铬层的影响

分析测试H13钢表面镀铬层的表面形貌与结构、粗糙度、显微硬度、厚度、电化学阻抗及极化曲线,研究了H13钢基体表面粗糙度R_a对其表面镀铬层结构与性能的影响。结果表明:电镀时间小于30min时,随着R_a的增加,镀铬层晶粒尺寸减小,堆积趋于稀疏;电镀30 min后,不同R_a的镀铬层晶粒尺寸及分布基本相同;电镀60 min后,随着R_a的增加,镀铬层晶粒的尺寸明显增大;当R_a值小于0.504μm时,(200)面为铬晶粒的优势生长面,当R_a值为0.504μm时,(211)面为铬晶粒的优势生长面;随电镀时间的增加,镀铬层的厚度和显微硬度逐渐增大;当电镀时间相同时,随着R_a的减少,镀铬层的厚度减少,显微硬度增加,镀铬层的耐蚀性逐渐提高。     

Surface characteristics of titanium with rotary EDM

Experimental investigations have been carried out on electro-discharge machining of titanium in respect of surface finish, out-of-roundness and overcut using rotating copper-tungsten tool electrode. An attempt has also been made to compare the results with stationary electrode. It is concluded that rotation of electrode improves out-of-roundness, surface roughness, overcut and out-of-roundness increase with increase of current with both rotating and stationary electrodes.     

Experimental Investigations of Hot Forging Die Surface Layer of Skd61 Steel in Die Sinking Electrical Discharge Machining

Electrical discharge machining is an important manufacturing process for tool mould and die industries. The results of the research about EDM show that the performance of die sink reduced due to a change in the material quality of the surface layer than the base material. The article presents the result of the study on the hot forging die surface layer of the SKD61 hot die steel （surface roughness, surface microscopic hardness, microscopic structure of the surface layer, EDS analysis of the surface layer） after die sinking electrical discharge machining using a tool of titanium and copper in oil dielectric.     

大型GCr15钢锻坯黑皮粗糙度对超声波检测结果的干扰

某批大型GCr15钢锻材超声波检测出纵向超声波密集型缺陷,缺陷当量高于GB/T6402-2007质量等级3级的要求,究其原因为GCr15钢锻坯表面黑皮粗糙度较高,使得超声波探伤结果出现正向系统误差,实际探伤结果高于真实缺陷当量。笔者提出了一种μ值修正法,对于GCr15钢锻材毛坯件,可通过μ影响系数1/10β粗糙背散射声压40来消除毛坯表面黑皮粗糙度的干扰。结果表明:通过该方法修正,可使得毛坯面的超声波检测结果与机加工面的检测结果相一致。     

Robust Parameter Design of an EDM Process

The paper details a robust parameter design of an electrical discharge machining process. The influence of capacitance, pulse off‐time, pulse on‐time and pulse current on both the average and variability of surface roughness and material removal rate of a titanium alloy was investigated. The analysis revealed that to attain robustness against the impact of noise parameters, no capacitance should be applied. Furthermore, increasing pulse on‐time and its current increased the average of both the surface roughness and material removal rate. Two approaches were suggested to deal with the trade‐off between minimizing the former and maximizing the latter. The study confirmed empirically the inferiority of Taguchi's S/N ratios to a robust design method involving the use of log(s) together with a simple graphical tool for determining the appropriate data transformation called lambda plot. In fact, it was revealed that the employed S/N ratios were driven mainly by the average and involved unaided, unexplained and unjustified transformations. The log(s), on the other hand, provided an independent means of quantifying the variability and, when integrated with lambda plot, rendered not only a simplified analysis but also a better process understanding. The study is the first to report the use of this powerful approach in the context of electrical discharge machining parameter design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试样表面粗糙度和表面清洗方式对M50NiL钢氧含量测定的影响

研究了试样表面粗糙度和清洗方式对M50NiL钢中微量氧含量测定结果的影响。研究结果表明,试样表面粗糙度由Ra3.2降低至Ra0.8,再降低至Ra0.2时,氧含量测定值逐步降低并趋于稳定。其中,乙醇擦洗加丙酮超声波清洗是有效的表面清洗方式,经其处理后,表面粗糙度Ra3.2,Ra0.8,Ra0.2的氧含量测定值分别为6.65×10-6,5.95×10-6,5.55×10-6,氧含量测定值均稳定在(6±1)×10-6范围内,且不同表面粗糙度的氧含量测定值基本一致。而只用乙醚浸泡的试样,氧含量测定值较高;酸洗过的试样,氧含量测定值偏高,且随表面粗糙度的波动较大。     

L245钢基体表面粗糙度对Ni-Sn-P化学镀层耐蚀性的影响

在不同表面粗糙度的L245钢表面获得Ni-Sn-P化学镀层。采用光学显微镜观察镀层的表面形貌;根据极化曲线、交流阻抗谱及浸泡腐蚀试验分析镀层耐蚀性。结果表明,较粗糙基体表面上的Ni-Sn-P镀层胞状物沿沟槽生长为条块状,当基体表面粗糙度Ra=0.147μm时,镀层的自腐蚀电流密度小,腐蚀速率相对较低;当基体表面粗糙度下降到Ra=0.053μm时,镀层致密性下降,耐蚀性最差。其原因是随着基体表面粗糙度的降低,镀层表面生长的条块状组织相互接合增多,产生孔隙的可能性增大。     

ADB610D钢焊接接头冲击吸收功的统计分布模型

通过进行ADB610D钢焊接接头的冲击吸收功Akv的测定试验及数据采集,建立了确定冲击吸收功的统计分布模型,经多种数理统计检验,对Akv的统计分布函数进行了拟合检验。结果表明：威布尔二参数分布函数是描述ADB610D钢焊接接头冲击吸收功Akv的最佳拟合分布函数。     

Effect of Tool Rotation on MRR,TWR, and Surface Integrity of AISI-D3 Steel using the Rotary EDM Process

Electric discharge machining (EDM) is an acclaimed non-conventional machining process that is used for machining of hard or geometrically complex and electrically conductive materials which are extremely difficult to machine by conventional methods. One of the foremost demerits of this process is its very low material removal rate (MRR). For this, researchers have proposed some modifications like; providing rotational motion to the tool or workpiece, mixing of conducting fine powders (such as SiC, Cr, Al, graphite etc.) in the dielectric, providing vibrations to either the tool or the workpiece etc.

The present research examines how the MRR and tool wear rates (TWR) vary with the variation in the tool rotation speed and their effects on the surface integrity of the workpiece. The results obtained clearly indicate that the tool rotation significantly improves the average MRR up to 49%. Moreover, the average surface finish also gets improved by around 9–10% while using the rotational tool EDM. Due to the tool rotation, the recast layer thickness is less for the rotary EDM as compared with the stationary tool EDM process. Furthermore, the micro-cracking on the recast surface of the workpiece is also less for the rotary tool EDM as compared with the stationary tool EDM.