胫骨高位楔形截骨治疗创伤性膝关节内翻畸形的临床研究

目的探讨胫骨高位楔形截骨治疗成人膝关节内翻畸形并发单间室退变的应用价值。方法在2000年6月至2008年6月间,对11例（男7例,女4例,平均39岁）存在膝关节内侧单间室退行性改变伴内翻畸形患者进行胫骨高位楔形截骨术治疗。术前膝内翻畸形4°。-18°,平均10．5°;不伴有其他关节间室病变;6例伴有内、外侧副韧带或交叉韧带断裂,行韧带重建手术后二期进行截骨矫形术。术前膝关节症状以内侧间室疼痛为主。8例行闭合型楔形截骨术,3例行开放型楔形截骨术,手术前后测量患者关节活动度的大小,并对患者进行Lysholm评分,术前平均41．5分。术后对患者进行主观满意度调查。结果术后随访平均22．5个月。无神经血管损伤,内固定失败等并发症出现,截骨处均获得骨性愈合,矫正角度5°-17．5°。X线检查下肢力线维持在术后水平,关节间室均未发现明显退变进展。手术总体效果优良率为90．9％,术后Lysholm评分平均72．5分（t=-26．65,P〈0．01）,内翻角度术后为1．05°（t=4．49,P〈0．01）。结论胫骨高位楔形截骨术可有效用于中青年膝关节内翻畸形伴单间室退行性改变患者。     

Outcome of osteotomies for the treatment of haemophilic arthropathy of the knee

Background and aims The knee is one of the most commonly affected joints in haemophilic arthropathy leading to stiffness and disability. It is the aim of this study to investigate the outcome of corrective osteotomies around the knee.Patients and methods We report on the long-term results of ten osteotomies around the knee for severe haemophilic arthropathy and axial deviation at an average of 7.25±1.8 years postoperatively. Seven high tibial (preoperatively 7.2±2° varus) and three supracondylar osteotomies (preoperatively 7±3° valgus) were performed on seven patients (three of them bilateral).Results The clinical score of the Advisory Board of the World Federation of Haemophilia (average 7.4 points preoperatively) remained unchanged in two patients, improved in three patients and deteriorated in five patients. The radiological Pettersson score (average 8.2 points preoperatively) showed a worsening of 2.5 points over the time. Patients reported a subjective improvement for seven osteotomies, with sports activity in three patients, although the range of motion did not change significantly. Total knee arthroplasty was considered to be a failure, i.e. endpoint of follow-up. Six knees were replaced in four patients by total arthroplasty after a mean of 6.6 years.Conclusion Although survival of osteotomies around the knee in haemophilic arthropathy is lower than in non-haemophilic patients, we think that it is a choice of treatment, which, at least, postpones the indication for total knee arthroplasty in this young patient group.An equal contribution was made by K. Trieb and J. Panotopoulos     

胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节骨性关节炎

目的：总结外侧闭合楔形胫骨高位截骨术（high tibial osteotomy，HTO）治疗膝关节单间室骨性关节炎引起的关节疼痛临床应用结果。方法：应用外侧闭合楔形HTO治疗9例（男3例，女6例）伴内翻畸形的膝关节单间室骨性关节炎。年龄52～58岁，平均56岁。术中显露胫腓关节近侧，切开前侧关节囊，用骨锯或骨刀去除外侧楔形骨块，闭合截骨处缺损后用“U”形钉固定。结果：手术顺利，无手术并发症，经2-5、5年（平均3．5年）随访，按膝关节骨性关节炎疗效评定标准：优5例，良好3例，尚可1例。结论：外侧闲合楔形HTO是治疗膝关节单间室骨性关节炎引起关节疼痛的有效手术方法，但不适用于年龄过大的患者（〉60岁）。     

开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术治疗膝关节内翻畸形

目的 评价双平面开放胫骨高位楔形截骨治疗成人膝关节内翻畸形的手术效果.方法 回顾性分析2001年6月至2008年7月存在膝关节内侧单间室退行性改变伴内翻畸形且进行双平面开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术治疗的12例患者的一般资料.术前膝内翻畸形5.0°～19.0°,平均11.5°;膝关节屈伸活动度大于90°;不伴有其他关节间室病变;1例伴有外侧副韧带及前交叉韧带断裂,行韧带重建手术后二期进行开放截骨矫形术.术前膝关节症状以内侧间室疼痛为主.手术前后测量患者关节活动度的大小,并对患者进行Lysholm评分.术后对患者进行主观满意度调查.结果 12例患者术后平均随访时间32.5个月.截骨处至术后12～16周均获得骨性愈合.矫正角度5.5°～18.0°,平均9.5°.在随访期间内X线检查下肢力线维持在术后水平,内外侧间室及髌股间室均未发现明显退变进展.手术总体效果优良率为83.3%,Lysholm评分、内翻角度变化在手术前后均有统计学显著性差异.结论 双平面开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术对中青年膝关节内翻畸形伴单间室退行性改变有良好的早、中期效果.     

腓骨近端截骨治疗高龄高危膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效分析

目的探讨腓骨近端截骨治疗高龄、高危膝关节骨性关节炎患者的近期疗效。 方法自2015年4月1日至2018年1月31日,淄博市第七人民医院骨科共收治以膝关节内侧间隙疼痛为主要表现的患者45例（共48膝）,其中女性33例（73%）,男性12例（27%）,平均年龄（78±3）岁。均采用腓骨近端截骨术对其膝关节骨性关节炎进行治疗。记录住院天数、手术时间、术中出血、术后并发症,于术前、术后2 d、3个月、6个月对患者进行VAS、KSS评分,手术前后进行相应影像学评估,测量膝关节内外间室高度变化情况。 结果患者住院天数平均为（4.0±2.4）d;单侧手术时间平均为（33±8）min,术中出血平均为（20±8）ml。术后均未出现伤口感染、延迟愈合及神经损伤等并发症。与术前相比,术后2 d、3个月、6个月的VAS评分均降低（F=93.248,P<0.05）、KSS临床评分升高（F=68.621,P<0.05）、KSS功能评分升高（F=56.362,P<0.05）,差异具有统计学意义。至末次随访时,45例（48膝）患者胫骨平台内翻角由术前的（83.2±2.1）°增至术后的（84.0±2.3）°,差异具有统计学意义（t=-2.110,P<0.05）;膝关节外侧间室高度由术前的（0.75±0.10）cm降至术后的（0.68±0.115）cm,差异具有统计学意义（t=5.473,P<0.05）。 结论腓骨近端截骨术是治疗高龄高危患者内翻型膝关节骨性关节炎的有效方法。     

The mid-term clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty in the management of end-stage hemophilic arthropathy

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the management of end-stage hemophilic arthropathy.Methods:Eleven patients (15 knees) undergoing TKA with stiff knees were retrospectively evaluated. TKA was performed in all patients without additional surgical interventions such as posterior capsular release, hamstring release, synovectomy, VY quadricepsplasty, or tibial tubercle osteotomy. All patients were evaluated for clinical and radiological results at follow-ups. Functional evaluation and pain status were assessed using the Knee Society Score and Visual Analogue Scale.Results:The mean age at the time of operation was 40.8 ± 11.8 years (range = 30–64 years). The mean follow-up was 51.2 ± 20.6 months (range = 24–95). The mean flexion contracture significantly decreased from 17.6 ± 11.3 to 1.7 ± 2.8 degrees, and the mean maximum flexion increased dramatically from 55.6 ± 20.5 to 109.2 ± 16.2 degrees (P < 0.001). Statistical significant improvement in flexion and flexion contracture degrees continued up to the postoperatively 18 months. The mean Knee Society Score increased from 22.7 ± 2.4 points preoperatively to 87.8 ± 3.8 points at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). The mean cost of coagulation factor consumption and blood transfusion accounted for 78% of the total cost. Conclusion:This study has shown that TKA is an effective treatment for relieving pain and improving both ranges of motion and quality of life in managing end-stage hemophilic arthropathy of the knee joint.Level of Evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic Study     

腓骨截骨术治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床观察

目的 观察腓骨截骨术治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,对2013年9月至2016年3月于我院治疗的87例（105膝）膝骨性关节炎内侧间隙疼痛病人,采用单纯腓骨截骨术治疗,其中男23例（29膝）,女64例（76膝）,平均年龄为63.4岁。手术前后对病人进行相应影像学评估,观察膝关节内外侧间隙高度变化;分别于术前以及术后3 d、3个月、6个月采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）、美国特种外科医院（the hospital for special surgery, HSS）膝关节评分、美国膝关节协会（the American Knee Society, AKS）综合评分系统（包含膝评分和功能评分两大部分）评估膝关节的恢复情况。结果 所有病人于术后2 d下床活动,原有膝关节内侧间隙疼痛明显减轻或消失。3例病人术后出现一过性腓浅神经损伤,5例发生腓骨小头后侧疼痛;术后3 d、3个月、6个月的VAS、HSS评分及AKS膝评分、AKS功能评分均较术前改善,除了术后3 d的AKS功能评分外,其余各项指标与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。术后7 d复查膝关节负重位X线片,与术前膝关节负重位X线片对比,均可见膝关节内侧间隙有不同程度的增宽。结论 腓骨截骨术具有手术切口小、创伤小、操作简单、风险低等优势,对治疗膝骨性关节炎内侧疼痛具有良好的疗效。     

Complex osteotomy assisted with navigation and arthroscopy around knee

Objective  The aim of this work is to describe the procedure used, which combines navigation, arthroscopy and fluoroscopic control, and to evaluate its usefulness in complex osteotomies round the knee. Materials and methods  We present three cases of complex deformities of the lower limb where we have used navigation and arthroscopy to improve the precision of the corrective osteotomies. Results  In all the cases, the consolidation of the osteotomy was obtained without complications, obtaining a correct axis of the limb in three spatial planes. Conclusions  It is a precise and reproducible technique. It does not need specific software associated with navigation. Simultaneous arthroscopy also allows the correction of certain intra-articular defects in the same operation, and the precise evaluation of the cartilage’s state.     

3D截骨联合动力学对线在膝内翻全膝关节置换术中的应用

背景:终末期膝骨关节炎的治疗方式以全膝关节置换术(TKA)为主,目前国内针对机械学对线TKA(MA-TKA)和动力学对线TKA(KA-TKA)临床应用的研究报道较少.目的:探讨KA-TKA与MA-TKA治疗膝内翻骨关节炎的术后短期疗效.方法:前瞻性纳入2018年6月至2019年6月收治的符合纳入与排除标准的膝内翻骨关节...     

行胫骨高位截骨全膝关节置换手术患者的对照研究

目的探讨胫骨高位截骨术对随后进行的全膝关节置换术的影响。方法对23例行胫骨高位截骨术后行全膝关节置换术患者的术中情况以及术后膝关节功能与对照组进行了比较,两组患者在年龄、疾病和关节畸形方面具有可比性。结果胫骨高位截骨术后行全膝关节置换术患者的手术时间（118．5±32）与对照组（98．9±20．5）比较差异有统计学意义,伤口的并发症也较对照组多。但两组患者的围手术期的出血量和术后膝关节功能比较差异无统计学意义。结论胫骨高位截骨术后行全膝关节置换术患者的膝关节功能和活动范围与对照组相似,但其手术的技术要求较高,并发症也相对较多。     

腓骨近端截骨术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的短期效果

目的观察分析腓骨近端截骨术与人工全膝关节置换术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的短期效果差异。 方法回顾2018年1月至2019年12月间于赤峰宝山中医医院骨科接受腓骨近端截骨术(PFO)和人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗的患者,符合内侧间室膝骨关节炎的诊断且Kellgren-Lawrence分级为Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,排除膝关节内畸形及其他影响关节功能的疾病,排除严重内科疾病及外翻畸形,临床资料完整者。其中接受PFO共55例,纳入观察组,同期接受TKA的55例纳入对照组,统计两组的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用,采用t检验进行比较;统计术前及术后3个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS评分)、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学膝关节炎评分(WOMAC评分)、生活质量问卷评分(SF-36评分),组内及组间比较采用t检验。 结果观察组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t＝8.712、9.251、9.435、8.987、9.296,均为P<0.01);两组患者术后3个月的VAS、HSS、WOMAC、SF-36评分较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(观察组：t＝7.692、7.802、8.453、7.622,均为P<0.01;对照组：t＝7.639、7.787、8.441、7.619,均为P<0.01),各评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义(t＝0.258、0.401、0.250、0.542,均为P>0.05)。 结论腓骨近端截骨术与人工全膝关节置换术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎,均可获得较好的早期效果;前者手术简单、创伤小、费用低,临床中可以选择性使用。     

3D打印截骨模块在全膝关节置换术中的应用研究进展

3D打印技术是基于计算机三维数字成像技术和多层堆叠打印技术的一种新兴应用技术。该技术改变了传统的减式材料制造模式,带来了制造工艺和生产模式的变革。该技术应用于人工膝关节置换领域,制作个体化的截骨模块,能够使手术获得精确的下肢力线,具有个体化、精准化、数字化、符合加速康复外科理念等诸多优点,可以对膝关节置换术起到良好的辅助作用。随着该技术在临床中的应用越来越广泛,其缺点和不足逐渐显现。近年来对于改进3D打印截骨模块在全膝关节置换术中应用的研究报道逐渐增多,本文就新研究和进展进行文献综述。     

胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效分析

目的 探讨内侧开放式胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节内侧骨关节炎的临床疗效.方法 选取2016年1月至2019年2月于暨南大学附属第一医院骨关节科诊断为膝内侧骨关节炎并行内侧开放式胫骨高位截骨术的患者56例(64膝).纳入标准:膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎;合并胫骨侧内翻畸形.排除标准:炎症性、感染性关节炎;多间室的关节退变;膝关节...     

Tibial tubercle osteotomy to improve exposure in complex knee fractures: A cadaveric study and case series

Adequate exposure is fundamental to safely and correctly perform open procedures around the knee. Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) has previously been described as a method to improve exposure, particularly in complex primary elective knee arthroplasty or revision surgery. We describe a tibial tubercle osteotomy technique to improve exposure in complex knee fractures and a cadaveric study and trauma case series.MethodsA cadaveric study using 8 knee specimens was conducted using a lateral subvastus approach to the knee. Standardised pictures were taken of the exposure, the tibial tubercle osteotomy was performed and pictures were taken of the new exposed area. These images were compared using a computer program that calculated the area of exposure before and after tibial tubercle osteotomy and the results analysed. The technique was then used in a case series of 6 different complex knee fractures including three distal femoral, one periprosthetic distal femur and two tibial plateau fractures. The outcomes of these patients were followed clinically and radiologically.ResultsAll specimens in the cadaveric study demonstrated an increase in area of exposure after the TTO with a mean increase of 148%. All tibial tubercle osteotomies performed in the trauma case series were united by 6 months without complication.ConclusionsTibial tubercle osteotomy is a recognised technique for improving exposure to the knee. This has been demonstrated in a cadaveric study and in a case series of six complex fractures around the knee. If performed properly, this technique can be extended to appropriate trauma cases with good results.     

Realignment osteotomies in the treatment of chronic instabilities of the knee associated with malalignment (case report)

INTRODUCTIONChronic knee instabilities associated with malalignment are complex and unusual disorders with various treatment modalities.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe describe two cases of chronic instability of the knee with malalignment. Furthermore, we describe realignment osteotomies as the treatment of chronic instabilities for these cases.DISCUSSIONIn the literature review, there are few cases of chronic instabilities treated by realignment osteotomy. Only soft tissue procedures are not enough to treat the chronic instability of the knee with limb malalignment.CONCLUSIONDeformity analysis with good preoperative planning and then realignment of the lower extremity, lead to better results and will preserve the joint from instability.     

Charcot arthropathy of the knee after unsuccessful spinal stenosis surgery: A case report

IntroductionCharcot arthropathy was first described in 1868 by Jean Martin Charcot as a progressive and destructive joint disease. Diabetes, polyneuropathy, syphilis, syrengomyelia and chronic alcoholism are the main causes of the disease. In this study we present a Charcot arthropathy of the knee seen after unsuccessful spinal stenosis surgery.Presentation of caseWe report here a case of 62 years old patient with Charcot arthropathy at her left knee developed one year after spinal stenosis surgery. The patient’s knee joint was already beyond the fragmentation and coalescence stages at the moment of physical examination. Patient had already been treated for Charcot foot four years before spinal surgery. Because of an unsuccessful spinal surgery, proximal migration of the level of the sensorineural loss negatively affected the polyneuropathy and eventually resulted in Charcot knee joint in a short period of time.DiscussionHowever, the etiology of the neuropathic arthropathy hasn’t been well described yet, it is usually seen at patients with diabetes mellitus as a long-term complication with or without polyneuropathy. In addition to the spinal canal pathologies, it is reported that Charcot arthropathy can be seen even after spinal anesthesia procedures.ConclusionIn conclusion, spinal procedures should be applied with extra caution on the patients with polyneuropathy or any neuropathic arthropathy. It should be remembered that it is possible to encounter unexpected complications such as proximally migration of the level of sensorineural loss and progression of the actual disease after spinal procedures of these patients.     

Pathological dislocation of the hip in neurofibromatosis: a case report

The Authors report the case of a 28-year-old patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis, who presented a pathological dislocation of the hip. This event was preceded by the development of a neurological pattern of spastic paraparesis and decreased pain sensation in both lower limbs, secondary to the progression of a dystrophic kyphoscoliosis. Pathological dislocation of the hip in neurofibromatosis has been reported in the literature as a consequence of intra-articular growth of neurofibromas. Conversely, in the case described here, clinical and radiographic features and the absence of neurofibromas in the joint, verified by means of radiographic and histological examinations, suggested the diagnosis of neuropathic arthropathy. The treatment of hip dislocation should be differentiated according to the aetiology, given the underlying articular instability in cases of neuropathic arthropathy.     

Shoulder arthropathy (Charcot joint) and syringomyelia: report of two patients

Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder is a relatively rare disorder and is mainly caused by tabes dorsalis and syringomyelia. Sensory deficit has been implicated as its causative factor. It is frequently misdiagnosed because its early symptoms may suggest a mild infection, minor fracture, tendon rupture, or a similar benign problem. The authors describe two patients with this disorder affecting the shoulder that initially presented a diagnostic dilemma. The two patients were initially misdiagnosed until X-Rays revealed destruction of the shoulder joint with marked resorption of the humeral head, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a syrinx in the central cord associated in one patient with Arnold-Chiari malformation.