光刻法制备聚合物/液晶光栅

将明胶涂覆在表面经过取向处理的带有ITO电极的玻璃基板上，以紫外灯为光源，通过光掩模法，使明胶在光场的引发下发生光化学反应，样品显影刻蚀处理后呈栅状，将液晶注入光栅盒中，形成聚合物／液晶光栅。该光栅衍射效率可利用电场调控。采用He—Ne激光器对所制样品进行测试，结果表明，所制样品的栅结构较好。避免了液晶与聚合物相分离的不完全性和栅条边缘不整齐的现象。制得的光栅其第一衍射级次的开关比为87：1，显示了较好的开关能力。     

相位光栅衍射法测量高灰阶LC-SLM相位调制特性

为测量高灰阶液晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)整体相位调制特性,引入二维棋盘形相位光栅衍射测量方法.根据傅里叶光学原理,经过理论推导和仿真分析得到零级衍射光强与相位调制量之间的关系.搭建含有参考光束的衍射实验系统,通过适当的光斑图像处理计算出零级衍射相对光强,从而获得相位调制特性曲线,并与干涉测量法实验结果进行对比.实验...     

阶梯形浮雕和折射率位相光栅的衍射性质比较

位相全息图一般既有浮雕调制又有折射率调制,它们都会对衍射特性产生影响。利用以严格电磁波理论为基础的模式匹配法（ＭＭＴ）,从理论上比较了阶梯形浮雕位相调制光栅和折射率位相调制光栅对ＴＥ波的各级衍射效率。尽管它们同一周期内的相应部分所引起的位相变化相同,但随着光栅层厚度的加大两种位相调制光栅的各级衍射效率会出现差别。这种差别与周期有关。并将矢量理论的结果与标量理论的结果进行了比较,研究结果对研究全息术     

交错型采样光纤Bragg光栅的折射率调制法设计

通过改变种子光栅中相邻子光栅的折射率调制量,提出一种新型交错型采样光纤Bragg光栅(ISFBG)设计,并利用传输矩阵法分析ISFBG的反射谱特性.结果表明:对种子光栅中相邻子光栅的折射率设计不同的调制量,ISFBG的反射谱信道教增加,主反射峰的反射率主要由折射率调制量大的子光栅决定,并且其反射率的大小随着折射率调制量...     

畸变测量中应用窗口傅里叶变换载频条纹分析

为了测量光学成像系统的径向畸变,提出了基于伸缩窗口傅里叶变换空间载频条纹相位分析的测量新方法.畸变分布测量转化为调制相位测量.首先,将纵向朗奇基准光栅作为模板,通过成像系统成为变形光栅即畸变像.接着采用伸缩窗口傅里叶变换提取畸变载频光栅条纹中心无畸变点的基频和相位信息,获得理想无畸变像的基频成分,然后对变形载频光栅条纹进行频谱分析,滤波提取基频信息、逆傅里叶变换、相位解包,提取径向调制相位分布,计算畸变图像的径向位置畸变分布.最后利用该径向位置畸变分布规律和双线性插值灰度重建对畸变图像进行校正.详细的理论分析和实验结果证明,该方法是可行的.     

光栅调制和积分抽样

通过对光学图象调制和光电成像系统的抽样过程的研究，得出两条结论：１）光学图象的调制函数和抽样函数都具有周期重复特性，调制图象和抽样图象的频谱分布服从抽样定理；２）用谐频光栅进行图象调制和用点阵对图象抽样都可以精确恢复原图象，而阵列光栅的图象调制和光电成象系统中的积分抽样对图象恢复具有不同的效应。     

FBG编解码器在W-OCDMA系统中的应用

针对大容量二维组合码,提出一种可调光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)编解码器的设计方法,该设计方法利用了光纤布拉格光栅的反射和可调谐特性,所得编解码器结构简单、容易集成、变址容易。在 OOK调制输出速率为 1Gbit/s,输出功率为 1mW的 W-OCDMA 系统仿真实验中,该 FBG编解码器结构实现了正确的编解码,时间延迟 1ns,功率损耗约 1dB,并且具有良好的匹配滤波特性。该 FBG 编解码器将是适用于 W-OCDMA 系统较为理想的器件。     

一种测量石油螺纹量规的新方法及装置

本文介绍一种测量石油螺纹量规的螺旋线、中径、锥度和牙形半角的新方法及装置。该装置的测量系统采用了激光干涉仪和光调制光栅,并由微型机进行数据处理。测量结果表明,该装置具有较高的精度。     

微小激光曝光区域温度分布均匀化整形方法

提出了实现光束曝光区温度分布均匀化的方法。该方法主要是充分利用二元光学法和液晶空间光调制的各自优点,并按照设计系统的要求,最大程度避免二元光学法使用不灵活而液晶空间光调制激光能量利用率不高的缺点,实现温度分布均匀化系统优化。为研究该方法的可行性,首先通过遗传算法设计一个16台阶的二元光学整形器件;针对二元光学只能应用于特定条件下的缺点,再引入液晶空间光调制方法,该方法可以对入射光束进行实时、可调控的整形,实现对曝光区温度分布进行实时控制。理论分析和仿真结果都表明,两种方法按照实际需要进行选择,可以有效地实现光束曝光区温度分布均匀化。     

浮雕型全息光栅诱导液晶分子取向排列的研究

在玻璃衬底上制备浮雕型全息光栅作为液晶显示器件取向层,分析了液晶层厚度对液晶分子在光栅取向层上排列的影响.发现液晶层厚度约为8μm时,液晶分子是沿光栅沟槽方向一致排列,其显微织构均匀,各点光强均匀一致,两个相同光强的状态周期为90°,周期性的微沟槽是促使液晶分子取向一致的主要原因.     

Holographic patterning of luminescent photopolymer nanocomposites

Volume phase gratings in the photopolymerisable composites, containing luminescent nanoparticles have been fabricated for the first time. Nanoparticles of LaPO₄, doped by Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions (the trade name is REN-X-green) with high luminescence quantum yield were used as a luminescent inorganic additive. The holographic gratings in such materials are formed as a result of the diffusion distribution of the nanoparticles during exposure of photopolymerisable composites to interference pattern. The influence of the pre-polymer formulation and the holographic patterning parameters on the grating formation is comprehensively investigated. The use of the optimised pre-polymer syrup containing two monomers with sufficiently different polymerisation rates allows fabrication of gratings with diffraction efficiency up to 80% at low optical losses (< 5%) (20 μm film thickness). To obtain maximum diffraction efficiency the intensity and the period of the interference pattern were optimised for each formulation. In addition maximum diffraction efficiency was achieved with the nanocomposites containing 30–32 wt.% of nanoparticles. On the other hand the highest possible modulation of the nanoparticles' concentration was obtained for the concentration of about 20 wt.%. In this case maximum ordering of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is achieved. The photoluminescence of the nanoparticles within the homogeneous polymer film and within the grating has been measured. The example application of the photopolymerisable composite containing luminescence inorganic nanoparticles in holographic security technology has been demonstrated.     

Thermally and electrically switchable gratings based on polymer-ball-type polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal films

We focus on the fabrication and study of controllable holographic gratings based on azo-dye-doped and undoped polymer-ball-type polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal films. Experimental results indicate that the next step of photopolymerization of the sample with the illumination of Ar+ laser beams after UV curing causes a latent density grating to be recorded. This grating is formed by a selective secondary photopolymerization. Heating and applying a voltage change the structure of the liquid crystal and induce the appearance of the latent grating. Diffraction efficiencies versus temperature, voltage, and state of polarization are studied for both dye-doped and undoped cells and are found to be quite different. This discrepancy is attributable to the reorientation effect of liquid crystals through their interaction with the photo-induced adsorption of the doped dyes on the surface of polymer balls in the dye-doped cell.     

Finite-difference time-domain calculations of a liquid-crystal-based switchable Bragg grating

A polymer-wall-confined transmissive switchable liquid crystal grating is proposed and investigated by two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain optical calculation and liquid-crystal-director calculation, to our knowledge for the first time. The results show how to obtain optimized conditions for high diffraction efficiency by adjusting the liquid crystal parameters, grating geometric structure, and applied voltages. The light propagation direction and efficiency can be accurately calculated and visualized concurrently.     

Achromatic system for a twisted alignment liquid crystal wavefront corrector

A twisted nematic liquid crystal wavefront corrector (TN-LCWFC) partially modulates the incident polarized light. A blazed grating may be preapplied on the TN-LCWFC to filter the unmodulated light for the purpose of stable adaptive correction. However, for broadband light, the dispersion of the blazed grating affects the image resolution. An achromatic method is presented to eliminate the dispersion of the blazed grating. Based on a prism model, we analyze the achromatic principle. An achromatic system with a conjugated blazed grating and an achromatic lens is given to eliminate the dispersion. An experiment was done with two transmitted blazed gratings so as to validate our method. Finally, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator was used as a conjugated grating to eliminate the dispersion of the blazed grating in an adaptive optics system. The results showed that the dispersion was partially compensated, and a resolvable image was achieved with a 600-700 nm wave band.     

Polarization-splitting common-path interferometer based on a zero-twist liquid crystal display

We present a compact optical polarization-splitting common-path interferometer based on a zero-twist liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD is encoded with a diffraction grating pattern and illuminated with a polarization state with both horizontal and vertical components. The polarization component perpendicular to the director axis of the liquid crystal molecules is not affected by the LCD and forms the reference beam. However, the polarization component parallel to the director axis is diffracted at an angle determined by the period of the grating. By imposing an analyzer polarizer, these two beams create an interferogram that can either display retardance patterns encoded onto the LCD or analyze external birefringent optical elements. The programmability of the system allows new ways of increasing the utility of the interferograms. Experimental results are provided, including the visualization of optical vortices with different and opposite topological charges.     

Resonant gratings in planar Grandjean cholesteric composite liquid crystals

We propose to induce a two-dimensional (2D) periodic modulation structure into a planar Grandjean cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) to demonstrate the intrinsic 2D photonic crystal properties of such materials. The structure combines a thin transmission grating and a Bragg reflective grating. One advantage of using CLC is the intrinsic high quality Bragg structure, which can be modulated by an electric field: shifting the wavelength band edge by changing the applied field. Another interesting property is the polarization dependence. The main difference between using CLC Bragg instead of a linear grating is the need to operate with a circularly polarized light, because the CLC modes are circular in such a regime. We present preliminary results obtained with what we believe to be the first switchable photonic CLC (PCLC) sample, made up of a polymer CLC gel.     

Characterization of a grating-coupled liquid crystal cell using a rigorous theoretical model

Abstract

We use a rigorous differential formalism to model the optical response of a multilayer structure having both a surface-relief grating and containing uniaxial materials. The uniaxial material is, in this case, a layer of liquid crystal that has its uniaxial axis defined by its director. By fitting experimental angle dependent reflectivity data to a multilayer grating model we are able to determine the spatial profile of the liquid crystal director, and show how accurately the optical response of such a system may be modelled.     

Carbon nanotube enhanced diffraction efficiency in dye-doped liquid crystal

We report on the optical properties of nematic liquid crystal cells containing the liquid crystal E7 doped with the azo dye Methyl Red at percentages ranging from 0.4% to 0.8% and 0.002% single-wall carbon nanotubes. From polarized absorption measurements an order parameter of S = 0.605 was obtained, showing that the dye molecules align themselves very well with the liquid crystal's director axis. Diffraction efficiencies of 532-nm pump and 670-nm probe beams were measured. Efficiencies and rise times were found to increase with dye concentration. A maximum efficiency of 5.8% was found for cells doped with carbon nanotubes, while cells without carbon nanotubes had a maximum efficiency of 3.2%. Therefore the presence of carbon nanotubes enhanced the diffraction efficiency by a factor of 1.8. The nonlinear index coefficient, n₂, was calculated to be 18 × 10^?3 cm²/W. The data are consistent with a grating formation based on trans-cis photoisomerism of the dye molecules that leads to a reorientation of the liquid crystal phase. These photonic devices are functional without the application of any external field, are easily prepared, and have lifetimes in excess of two years without any indication of degradation when stored at ambient temperatures.     

Theory and characteristics of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal transmission grating with scaffolding morphology

We have performed a detailed characterization of the optical properties of a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (LC) transmission grating with polymer scaffolding morphology, which was fabricated with conventional high-functionality acrylate monomer under low curing intensity. Temporal evolution of the grating formation was investigated, and the amount of phase-separated LC was determined by birefringence investigation. A grating model combined with anisotropic coupled-wave theory yielded good agreement with experimental data without any fitting parameter. The results in this study demonstrate the non droplet scaffolding morphology grating is characterized by a high degree of phase separation (70%), high anisotropy, low scattering loss (<6%), and high diffraction efficiency (95%).