乳腺Paget‘s病组织发生的病理组织学观察

自1874年Paget首先报道此病以来，关于其组织发生一直存在争议。本研究通过对病理组织学证实为Paget＇s病的乳腺标本进行连续多处取材，进行病理组织学观察，试图揭示此病的组织来源，从而对其进行合理的治疗。资料与方法1980至1995年共收治乳腺Paget＇s病21例，均为女性。年龄34～67岁，中位51岁。左乳9例，右乳12例。病程1月至25年，中位8月。表现为乳头糜烂者8例，乳头糜烂肿块者9例，仅表现为乳腺肿块而镜下发现典型的Paget＇s病变者4例。行全乳切除术3例，改良根治术9例，根治术9例。方法：剪除胸肌及解剖各组淋巴结后的全乳腺标本，…     

乳腺Paget病61例临床分析

目的探讨乳腺Paget病的早期诊断和治疗方法.方法回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1970年11月～2001年11月收治的61例乳腺Paget病患者的临床资料.结果术前行乳房病变刮片细胞学检查24例,准确率为75.0%(18/24);行切取活检18例,准确率为100.0%(18/18).61例患者行根治性手术43例(根治术15例、改良根治术28例),乳房单纯切除术18例.进行根治性手术的43例患者中,乳房可触及肿块者25例,病理检查有腋下淋巴结转移者16例,转移率为64.0%;而乳房未触及肿块者18例,有腋下淋巴结转移4例,转移率为22.2%.61例患者经过8～240个月随访(中位随访期为62个月),局部复发9例,远处转移12例,5年生存率为79.5%,10年生存率为51.9%.结论尽早行乳房病变细胞学和病理学检查是确诊乳腺Paget病的最佳方法.乳腺肿物是影响乳腺Paget病预后的不良因素,对合并乳腺肿块的患者应该行根治性切除术,未发现肿块的患者可以行乳房单纯切除术.     

乳腺Paget病16例临床分析

目的探讨乳腺Paget病诊断方法和治疗手段,减少临床误诊率。方法回顾性分析我院1970年1月~2004年1月收治的16例乳腺Paget病人的临床资料。结果湿疹样变合并乳腺肿块者4例,并腋窝淋巴结肿大者5例。术前细胞学诊断准确率39%(5/13),乳腺病理活检准确率100%(11/11)。行根治术7例,改良根治术9例。结论细胞学诊断乳腺Paget病价值有限,病理活检是乳腺Paget病确诊的首选方法。手术是治疗乳腺Paget病的有效手段。     

乳腺与乳腺外Paget''''s病临床病理分析

目的探讨比较乳腺与乳腺外Paget’s病临床病理特征。方法回顾性总结1980年~2004年黑龙江省医院及哈尔滨市第五医院外科收治的47例乳腺Paget’s病与37例乳腺外Paget’s病临床、病理资料,就其病理与临床特征等进行比较研究。结果乳腺和乳腺外Paget’s病组织学形态相同。乳腺Paget’s病患者均为女性,平均年龄50.1岁;而乳腺外Paget’s病男性32例,女性5例,平均年龄66.1岁。乳腺Paget’s病中45例合并乳腺癌(11例导管内癌;34例浸润性导管癌,其中21例有腋窝淋巴结转移性浸润性导管癌);乳腺外Paget’s病中,女性外阴5例(3例上皮内Paget’s病;2例伴低分化腺癌,其中1例淋巴结传移);其余患者均为男性,阴囊和(或)阴茎30例(17例上皮内Papet’s病,6例为浸润性Paget’s病,7例伴低分化腺癌,其中1例淋巴结转移);阴囊合并腋窝1例,伴阴囊处低分化腺癌,可见瘤栓,并腹壁皮下转移;上眼睑1例,伴低分化腺癌。结论乳腺和乳腺外Paget’s病之间临床病理特征有许多相同和不同之处,有待进一步研究。     

乳头Paget病临床病理特征分析

目的 :探讨乳头Paget病临床特点、组织发生伴发病理亚型、性激素受体表达状况等临床病理特征。方法 :回顾分析了 2 1例乳头Paget病患者临床病理资料 ,光镜下重阅分析其病理学特征 ,并采用免疫组化SP法检测ER、PR水平。结果 :2 1例乳头Paget病中 17例临床触及肿块 ,4例未触及肿块 ,全部伴乳腺导管癌 ,前者伴发浸润性导管癌 14例、早期浸润性导管癌 3例 ,后者全部为导管内癌。腋窝淋巴结转移率47 6% ( 10 /2 1)。组织学亚型与淋巴结状态关系密切 ,P <0 0 5。ER阳性率2 3 8% ( 5 /2 1) ,PR阳性率 2 8 6%( 6/2 1) ,ER、PR同时阳性 2 3 8% ( 5 /2 1)。性激素受体水平与淋巴结状态关系密切 ,P <0 0 5 ,而与伴发组织学类型无关 ,P >0 0 5。结论 :本组乳头Paget病均伴发乳腺导管癌 ,伴乳腺肿块者均为浸润性导管癌 ,淋巴结转移率高 ,ER、PR低水平表达。     

乳腺不典型增生与乳腺癌四例

例1，女，76岁，右乳肿块16年。体检：右乳外上触及一个4cm×2cm肿块，质硬，边界尚清，右腋南可触及一约l·scm’肿大淋巴结。根治术后病理为右乳腺浸润性导管癌，癌灶旁见广泛的导管上皮增生，部分表现为不典型增生。例2，丈，60岁，左乳肿块10年，伴乳头溢液。体检：左乳腺外上可触及一6cm×3cm大肿块，质硬。诊断为左乳腺癌，并行根治术，病理为左乳腺浸润性导管瘤，癌灶旁见多处导管上皮不同程度的增生，有的呈导管原位癌的表现。例3，女，44岁，右乳肿块7年，近来增大较快。体检：右乳外上可触及一约7cm×4cm肿物，质硬，考虑为乳腺癌…     

乳腺Paget病35例临床分析

目的 分析乳腺Paget病的临床特点及诊断、治疗方法,使该病的诊治更趋合理.方法 回顾性分析华中科技大学附属协和医院1970年1月至2000年1月的35例乳腺Paget病的临床资料.结果 35例中有乳头、乳晕区糜烂等湿疹样表现者30例,伴乳腺肿块22例,合并其他类型乳腺癌者32例;伴同侧腋窝淋巴结转移11例.18例行乳癌根治术,13例行改良根治术,4例行乳房单纯切除术.未及肿块者5年生存率90.9%（10/11）,合并肿块者5年生存率44.4%（8/18）.结论 乳腺Paget病多有典型的临床表现,但易误诊,对乳头乳晕区有湿疹样表现者均要考虑本病的可能,常规的钼靶检查有助于发现隐匿病灶;单纯的Paget病愈后良好,可行乳房单纯切除;合并其他类型的乳腺癌者预后较差,应常规行乳房单纯切除＋同侧腋窝淋巴结清扫术,并行相应的辅助治疗.     

~（99m）Tc－MIBI核素显像在乳腺肿块诊断中的价值

目的评价核素显像在乳腺肿块诊断中的价值。方法应用９９ｍ锝－甲氧基异丁基异腈（９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ）核素显像技术检查女性乳房肿块３８例和乳腺癌局部切除术后２例。结果术后病理确诊为乳腺癌的２４例中，术前２１例９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ显像为阳性：而１４例良性乳腺肿块中，１０例显像为阴性。该法检测乳腺癌的灵敏度为８７．５％，特异性为７１．４％，准确性为８１．６％。９例乳腺癌腋下淋巴结转移者中术前显像阳性３例，８例乳腺癌扩大根治术者中术前显像阳性２例，均与病理检查结果相符。结论９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ显像对于鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块有一定价值。     

乳腺Paget’s病的临床病理特征分析

目的:探讨乳腺Paget’s病的临床特点、影像学表现及病理特征。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月至2011年1月南京军区福州总医院普外科收治的16例乳腺Paget’s病患者的临床资料。结果:16例患者术前均行乳腺钼靶摄片,14例发现乳头乳晕区皮肤增厚、钙化、肿块或肿大的淋巴结。术后病理示15例合并乳腺实质内肿瘤,ER阳性2例,占12.50%;PR阳性1例,占6.25%;C-erbB-2强阳性14例,占87.50%。结论:乳腺Paget’s病常合并乳腺实质内肿瘤,乳腺钼靶摄片可以较为准确的发现乳房内病变。多数乳腺Paget’s病癌组织ER、PR阴性,C-erbB-2强阳性,这对于该病的辅助治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤89例临床分析

目的：探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床特点及影响预后的因素。方法：对我院收治的89例经病理确诊的乳腺叶状肿瘤临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：89例患者均行手术治疗，肿块切除15例；乳腺区段切除16例；乳腺单纯切除26例；改良根治术32例。术后病理腋窝淋巴结转移1例。全组共有13例局部复发，局部复发率为14．6％（13／89）。肿块切除、乳腺区段切除、乳腺单纯切除和改良根治术者的局部复发率分别为60．0％（9／15）、12．5％（2／16）、7．7％（2／26）和0（o／32），差异有统计学意义，P〈0．01。5例有远处转移，其中3例肺转移，1例脑转移．1例胰腺转移。用Cox比例风险模型分析影响生存顸后的因素，远处转移是影响生存预后的主要因素，P〈0.01。结论：乳腺叶状肿瘤确诊有赖术后病理检查。行肿块切除术的复发率较高，必须慎用；腋窝淋巴结转移率低，腋窝清除不需常规进行。顸后较好．远处转移是影响生存预后的主要因素。     

乳腺派杰氏病45例临床分析

目的:研究分析乳腺派杰氏病的临床特点及影响其预后的因素.方法:对我院收治的45例经病理诊断的乳腺派杰氏病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果:45例中有乳头和/或乳晕区糜烂、出血等湿疹样表现者40例(其中伴乳头下方肿块11例);单纯表现为乳头下肿块5例;伴同侧腋窝淋巴结肿大13例.本组25例作根治术,20例作改良根治术.派杰氏病不伴深部肿块者的5年和10年生存率分别为95.5%和78.6%,而伴有深部肿块者的5年和10年生存率分别为53.8%和36.4%,两者的5年和10年的生存率比较均有统计学意义(其P值分别为＜0.01和＜0.05);无乳头下方浸润者的5年和10年生存率分别为100%和88.9%,而有乳头下方浸润者的5年和10年生存率分别为69.6%和43.8%,前者亦优于后者(P＜0.05);腋窝淋巴结阴性者的5年和10年生存率分别为92.0%和76.5%,而阳性者则分别为50.0%和25.0%,前者同样优于后者(P＜0.05).结论:乳腺派杰氏病多数有典型的临床表现,凡有湿疹样表现者均要考虑本病的可能性;本病预后的关键在于早期治疗.不伴深部肿块、没有深部浸润和腋淋巴结阴性者的手术治疗有很好效果,伴有肿块、有深部浸润和腋淋巴结阳性者的预后差,且均有统计学意义.     

Pathogenesis and treatment of Paget's disease of the breast

Fifty cases of Paget's disease of the breast treated surgically at The Johns Hopkins Hospital during the past 30 years were studied. Nineteen patients had Paget's disease confined to the nipple and 31 had an associated palpable tumor. An underlying intraductal or infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast was present in each case. In six cases, the underlying tumor was 2 cm or more from the nipple with no apparent anatomic connection to the Paget lesion, and one case was encountered in whom intradermal Paget's disease develop in the area of a congenitally absent nipple. These findings support the theory of an intradermal origin for the Paget cell. Survival rates of patients with Paget's disease and a palpable breast mass were similar to those of patients with infiltrating duct carcinoma, the presence of axillary node metastases being the most important prognostic factor. Actuarial five- and ten-year survival rates were 22% and 9.9% for patients with positive nodes. The modified radical mastectomy is recommended as primary therapy for this group of patients. In contrast, none of the patients with Paget's disease of the nipple and no evidence of a palpable breast mass developed recurrent carcinoma. A total mastectomy without an axillary node dissection is the treatment of choice in this type of patient.     

Paget's disease of the nipple: A ten year review including clinical,pathological, and immunohistochemical findings

Thirty-five women with biopsy-proven Paget's disease of the nipple were treated over a 10 year period at the Breast Cancer Unit, Guy's Hospital. Twenty-four (69%) patients had Paget's disease without a palpable mass in the breast; eleven (31%) presented with a palpable mass and Paget's disease of the nipple. Definitive treatment consisted of modified radical mastectomy in 32 patients, radiotherapy only in 2, and one patient had no definitive treatment.All 11 patients with Paget's disease and an associated lump proved to have invasive ductal carcinoma; five also had associated positive axillary nodes. Nine of the 23 patients with nipple changes only, treated by mastectomy, also had invasive carcinoma; three of these had positive axillary nodes. The remaining 14 patients with nipple changes only were found to have in situ ductal carcinoma, which was extensive in the majority of cases.In 13 cases, histological sections of the nipple were examined by immunohistochemical staining which showed that the Paget's cells expressed a keratin phenotype that was specifically characteristic of simple epithelial cells as seen in glandular epithelium. This was quite unrelated to the normal keratin phenotype of the surrounding skin keratinocytes.Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical data suggest a mammary origin of the abnormal cells in Paget's disease of the nipple. Mastectomy appears to be the treatment of choice.     

Paget＇s Disease of the Breast： Clinical Analvsis of 45 Patients

Objective Paget’s disease is an uncommon breast malignancy and often misdiagnosed. If the patient is treated at an early stage, the prognosis is satisfactory. Our study analyzed the clinical characteristics of the disease and the factors influencing the prognosis. Methods Fourty-five patients with Paget’s disease who were admitted to our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results The most common symptoms of the disease were erosion and a bleeding-like eczematoid change at the nipple/areola. Of the 40 patients with an eczematoid change, 11 patients had verified Paget’s disease with a palpable mass on physical examination, and 29 patients had verified Paget’s disease with a nonpalpable mass. Only 5 patients manifested a mass with no eczematiod change. Thirteen patients had ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. In this study, 25 cases were treated by radical mastectomy and 20 cases were treated by modified radical mastectomy. Five and 10-year survival rates for the patients with nonpalpable masses and for those with palpable masses were 95.5%, 78.6%, and 53.8%, 36.4% respectively. The former were significantly higher than the latter (P <0.01 and <0.05 respectively). Five and 10-year survival rates for the patients without underlying carcinoma (DCIS/IDC) and for the patients with underlying carcinoma were 100%, 88.9% and 69.6%, 43.8% respectively. The former were significantly higher than the latter ( P<0.05) Five and 10-year survival rates for the patients with negative lymph nodes and for the patients with positive lymph nodes were 92.0%, 76.5% and 50.0%, 25.0% respectively. The former were also significantly higher than the latter (P<0.05). Conclusion Treatment at an early stage is very important and influences the prognosis directly for Paget’s disease of the breast. The survival rates of patients with nonpalpable masses without underlying carcinoma and without lymphadenopathy, were significantly higher than patients with palpable masses with underlying carcinoma and with lymphadenopathy respectively. There was significant statistical difference between each of the 2 groups.     

乳头Paget‘s病：附55例报告

Fifty-five female patients with Paget's disease of the nipple treated in our Hospital from 1958 to 1987 are reported. It comprised 1.1% of all the breast carcinomas. The lesions was on the left side in 27 and on the right side in 28. The average age was 48 years. The primary lesion was in breast ducts and then invaded the nipple, areola superficially and deeper breast tissue. Dermal manifestation of Paget's disease is easily confused with chronic dermopathy. In this series, four patients (7.2%) did not have the typical symptoms so pathologic or cytologic examination was relied upon for correct diagnosis. Thirty-one patients were treated by radical mastectomy giving a 3-year disease-free rate of 70.9%. It seems that radical mastectomy is more superior to the other surgical procedures. The 3-year recurrent rate was 38% for patients with Paget's disease of the nipple coexisting with breast carcinoma, but no recurrence was found in patients with simple Paget's disease of the nipple. The 3-year survival rate was 46.4% in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis, 85.2% in patients without, 54.3% in patients with palpable masses in the breast and 85.0% in patients without. Paget's disease of the nipple coexisting with breast carcinoma, axillary lymph node metastasis, palpable breast masses has poor prognosis.     

Paget's disease of the breast.

Twenty-nine histologically verified cases of Paget's disease of the breast treated at the Hadassah University Hospital in the years 1949-1972 were followed up and analyzed. Dividing this material into two groups according to the presence or absence of a palpable breast tumor revealed significant difference in behavior and survival. Patients with a breast mass (34%) had a 50% axillary lymph node involvement and behaved as with any other ordinary breast cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 40% and a 10-year survival rate of 33%. Patients with no palpable breast mass (66%) had only a 10.5% lymph node involvement, the 5-year survival rate being 94% and the 10-year survival rate being 91%. Delay in diagnosis seems to play no significant factor in survival rates and outcome. We believe radical mastectomy to be the treatment of choice in all cases of Paget's disease of the breast.     

Paget's disease of the male breast

Histologically proved Paget's disease of the breast with negative hormonal receptor assay in a 73-year-old man induced a review of the 27 valuable cases of the literature. Our patient is disease-free, eight years after treatment by modified radical mastectomy and adjuvant irradiation. Peak incidence of the disease is between 50 and 70 years of age. The most frequent presenting signs reported are ulcerations and eczematous lesions of the nipple (71.4%) with discharge and bleeding in 39.3% of the cases. Other findings are a palpable mass (42.8%) and involved axillary lymph nodes (53.5%). The treatment of choice is shown to be radical or modified radical mastectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. To date, no proof exists of the value of hormone receptors assays and routine adjuvant hormone therapy is not practiced.     

In situ carcinoma of the breast

The optimal management of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is controversial. With the introduction of the National Mammographic Breast Screening Programme the condition will be encountered more frequently. We have reviewed 76 patients from a 12-year period treated by one surgeon (R.W.B.) at the Nottingham City Hospital. Fifty-nine patients had either ductal carcinoma in situ or lobular carcinoma in situ; 17 patients had Paget's disease. The mean age at diagnosis was 54 years and the commonest mode of presentation was with a palpable breast lump. Pre-operative mammography was performed in 31 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and 28 were reported as showing malignancy. Patients with a lesion in the breast parenchyma were treated either by mastectomy (simple, subcutaneous or 'wedge'--see text) or by lumpectomy and radiotherapy. Patients with Paget's disease were treated by simple mastectomy, wedge mastectomy or a cone excision of the nipple and underlying tissue. The mean follow-up period was 65 months. Patients treated by any of the procedures less than simple mastectomy had a significant chance of developing local recurrence. A detailed histological review was made and grade, microinvasion, calcification, necrosis and completeness of excision were assessed for each tumour. None of these factors was correlated with subsequent local recurrence.     

Paget's disease of the nipple without detectable breast tumor: conservative management with radiation therapy

Between 1960 and 1984, 20 selected patients with Paget's disease of the breast confined to the nipple were treated conservatively with radiotherapy alone (17/20 pts) or limited surgery and radiotherapy (3/20 pts). Median follow-up was 7.5 years. No patients died of breast disease. Three patients had recurrence in the treated breast, and were treated by mastectomy. All recurrences were located in the nipple or areola and were all Paget's disease, without associated intraductal or invasive carcinoma. No axillary node recurrences occurred. The actuarial 7-year probability of living free of disease with breast preserved was 81%. Among the 15 patients who had a minimum follow-up of 3 years, without recurrence, 12 (80%) had a good cosmetic result. These results suggest that radiation therapy could be an effective alternative to radical surgery in the treatment of patients with Paget's disease of the nipple without concomitant breast tumor.