郑州市空间信息基础设施建设与应用研究

数字地球是21世纪的重大技术工程,数字城市是数字地球应用的主要方面之一。依据我国数字城市建设的现状,提出构建"郑州市空间信息基础设施",并对其内容、应用、关键技术、实现策略等进行了论述及探讨。     

数字地球与数字河南建设

根据当前数字地球理论和实践的发展趋势,讨论了数字地球的概念和作用,分析了"数字河南”建设的必要性和可行性,提出了"数字河南”建设的战略方针和近期及远期目标.     

数字省、市在国土规划与城镇建设中的作用

全面介绍数字地球,数码城市,数字省、市的概念与理论;提出数字省、市建设的总体框架结构与上下连接关系;对数字省、市建设的技术支撑条件包括信息高速公路与计算机网络技术,遥感技术,地理信息系统,差分GPS技术,数据库管理技术,科学计算,虚拟现实技术等的发展与应用作了分析与讨论;分析了数字省、市在国土规划,城镇建设,城市规划管理中的应用前景;提出数字省、市应是全国各省、市推进经济与社会发展的一面旗帜,各省、市都应高高举起,以此推动数字中国,数字地球战略的实施与发展.     

数字地球与全数字测绘生产体系建设

“数字地球”建设需要多分辩率的、高精度的、现势性好的空间数据基础框架,而空间数据基础框架的建设需要高精度的、快速的测绘手段和体系。本文首先介绍了全数字测绘生产体系的建设内容及它们之间的相互关系,然后讨论了全数字测绘生产体系与“数字地球”建设的关系;分析我国全数字测绘生产体系存在的问题以及所面临的任务;最后提出几点建议。     

数字省市在国土规划与城镇建设中的作用

全面介绍数字地球，数码城市，数字省市的概念与理论；提出数字省市建设的总体框架结构与上下连接关系；对数字省市建设的技术支撑条件：包括信息高速公路与计算机网络技术，遥感技术，地理信息系统，差分GPS技术，数据库管理技术，科学计算，虚拟现实技术等的发展与应用作了分析与讨论；分析数字省市在国土规划，城镇建设，城市规划管理中的应用前景；提出数字省市应是全国各省市推进经济与社会发展的一面旗帜，各省市都应高高举起，以此推动数字中国，数字地球战略的实施与发展。     

数字地球初论

全面阐述了数字地球的内涵, 以及在政治、经济、认知、技术、社会、学科发展等方面数字地球概念出现的背景。重点分析了数字地球信息系统的组成以及相应的理论技术, 并分析了中国建设数字地球的基础条件, 并对中国如何建设数字地球提出构想。     

构筑数字城市的空间数据框架

数字城市是数字中国乃至数字地球的重要组成部分，本分析了数字城市的概念及内容，对数字城市的空间数据框架的建设进行了探讨，并提出一些建议。     

基于GIS的"数字社区"建设技术研究

对"数字社区"建设的相关环节和技术问题进行了研究。首先就"数字社区"建设中的应用对象进行了分析,总结出了"数字社区"的5类应用对象。从地理信息技术角度和应用的空间位置角度出发,对社区信息资源进行了分类,对社区信息资源的调查、管理,以及"数字社区"应用系统的架构提出了技术要求。对"数字社区"具体的服务功能做了分析。为基于GIS的"数字社区"建设提供了有益的借鉴和建议。     

"数字佳木斯"总体框架研究

“数字佳木斯”建设是佳木斯市实施可持续发展的战略工程,是“数字中国”在佳木斯市的具体实现。作者通过大量的调查研究,结合现阶段“数字地球”技术的最新成果及发展方向,提出了“数字佳木斯”建设的总体框架,并提出了未来几年内“数字佳木斯”的建设构想。     

一、一般性问题

CH20002087 试论“数字地球”的构建[汇,中]/张家庆∥中国测绘科学研究院建院四十周年论文集.—1999.—191～197在阐述“数字地球”战略地位的基础上.勾画了“数字地球”的基本框架和若干技术特征,认为“数字地球”的建设应当符合中国的国情,首先由政府着手建立中国的“数字地球”或“数字中国”。参24     

基于数字区域软件平台的JPEG压缩与网络传输

Google Earth作为一个全球性的商业应用软件,不可能面向区域展开针对性的应用。而数字区域作为数字地球的重要部分,侧重于区域范围的空间信息应用与共享,具有非常重要的应用价值与前景。本文在简述数字区域软件平台设计的基础上,分析了JPEG静态图像压缩标准,并应用于数字区域软件平台中,最后利用VC .NET实现基于该平台的压缩与网络传输。     

迎接"数字地球"的挑战

从地球科学发展战略的角度,分析了“数字地球”对中国的挑战以及“数字地球”本身所面临的挑战,论述了发展“中国数字地球”的必要性和可能性,提出了发展“中国数字地球”的战略措施     

Evolution and implementation of the Digital Earth vision,technology and society

Abstract

Digital Earth's framework can be traced to evolutionary threads with historic foundations that fostered the fertile conceptual and technological incubation. These threads incorporate writings, such as those of the visionary engineering-genius, Buckminster Fuller, in conjunction with an array of space age developments in computers, internet and communications, satellites, and education. In 1998, when Vice President Al Gore articulated the Digital Earth Vision, he portrayed the vision based upon myriad technology factors for the intellectual foundation and sparked a worldwide phenomenon that fortuitously included the Chinese leadership's recognition and acceptance. The Beijing Declaration is recognised for its role promulgating the International Digital Earth Symposium series to promote better understanding of the impacts of Digital Earth technology and applications on behalf of all humankind. Combinations of industrial, academic, and government organisations have advanced the technological components necessary for implementing the Digital Earth Vision at a prodigious rate. Commercial leaders, such as Google, have accelerated the influence of large segments of society towards components of the Digital Earth Vision. However, challenges still remain regarding requisite collaboration on international standards for metadata, interoperability, and data formats for space and time that will affect Digital Earth implementation scenarios. Functional requirements for the model Digital Earth geobrowser remain to be fully articulated. The current paper presents an overview of the historical components, the key players on the international scene, the catalytic technological advances, and the societal response to the growth of the Digital Earth community.     

关于地理空间元数据技术发展趋势的理论探讨

随着“数字地球”、“数字中国”等的实施,地理空间元数据作为促进海量空间信息管理和共享的有力工具,其应用有了较快的发展。本文在分析我国地理空间元数据应用现状的基础上,结合地理空间元数据的应用特点,分析了地理空间元数据的标准化、互操作、自动生成等趋势是地理空间元数据发展的必然,并论述了与这些发展趋势相关的实施方法和技术,以及这些趋势之间的辩证关系。     

Digital Earth in support of global change research

Abstract

The Digital Earth concept as originally proposed by former US Vice president Al Gore is now well established and widely adopted internationally. Similarly, many researchers world-wide are studying the causes, effects and impacts of Global Change. The authors commence by describing a five-step approach to the development of Digital Earth technologies. This is followed by a detailed account of Digital Earth research and developments in China. The authors then present the research results of Global Change studies carried out in China, based on the Digital Earth approach. These research results are based on a classification of global change regions. This covers the following global change situations:

Forest and grassland fires in Northern China, temperate region desertification and dust storms, underground coal fires, deforestation and carbon sequestration, protection and utilisation of wetlands, Avian Influenza and the spread of diseases, Tibet Plateau uplift and sub-tropical monsoon climate region, and sea-level rise. The research results show that the environment does not behave in a way easily understood by the traditional disciplinary approach. Although man is clearly a contributing factor to certain Global Change aspects, such as underground coal fires, desertification, land use changes etc., many of the aspects of Global Change are naturally occurring phenomena which have been changing over centuries, and will continue to do so, no matter what actions we undertake to reverse these processes. Hence, in their conclusions, the authors propose that the communities involved in Digital Earth modelling and in Global Change research co-operate closer to overcome the limitations inherent in the current ‘conventional’ scientific approach, where scientists have very much stayed within their respective scientific boundaries. Such an integrated approach will enable us to build the next level of scientific infrastructure required to understand and predict naturally occurring environmental changes, as well as that of coupled human–environmental systems.     

建设国家对地观测体系,构筑"数字地球"

论述了“数字地球”的特征与重要意义,指出对地观测是“数字地球”的核心内容之一。建议中国不失时机地组织建设国家对地观测体系。该体系可在信息获取、处理与应用３个层面上构建,并提出近期中国对地观测应优先发展的领域,以持续地为“数字地球”发展作贡献     

A digital earth platform for sustainability

ABSTRACT

Based on the experience of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), this paper describes some challenges foreseen in order to develop a Digital Earth platform that can support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. The use of ready-to-use derived geospatial information is essential. Future Earth’s methodology of ‘co-design’ aims to bring together natural, social scientists and decision makers to plan and carry out research for sustainability. Sustainability implies transdisciplinary research, but in order for scientists of different disciplines to work together, they will need to be able to share, access and use common data. This is by far not simple! While the good will to share data might exist, the associated technological, ethical and privacy issues are difficult to solve. An adequate e-infrastructure will be required. ISDE could consider to use the SDGs is the basis to develop the desired Digital Earth platform. This paper, by no means, covers everything for a Digital Earth platform, it aims to trigger research discussions and to have a good view about a starting point.     

基于3维GIS的房产信息系统设计

随着3维GIS技术日益完善,使我们能够构建近于现实的房地产3维模型,它不仅能反映房地产的位置和空间信息,还能进行3维空间的查询和分析,可用于房地产规划决策、建设和交易管理。本文将以Google Earth的GIS平台和数字城区的虚拟漫游系统为基础结合3维建模基本理论对房产信息系统进行全新的设计。     

在统一的总体框架下建设“数字中国”

当前在我国正在兴起“数字省市”、“数字行业”、“数字工程”等建设工作,这些都是“数字中国”的组成部分。为了建设“数字中国”,这些数字化领域的建设必须在国家统一的地理空间基础框架下进行。从“数字地球”和“数字中国”的基本概念入手,叙述了地理空间基础框架中的地理空间基准和地理基础框架数据的内涵及其在建设“数字中国”中的作用,最后阐述了必须在统一的总体框架下建设“数字中国”的理由。