大学生的自杀调查报告

调查南京23所大学1989～1991年在校学生自杀情况,结果发现共有33人自杀死亡。自杀率为16.22/10万,高于本市同期一般人口自杀率12.34/10万。其中男21人,女12人;以一、二年级较多。自杀主要原因为失恋、精神障碍、学习压力、前途失望、人际关系、家庭矛盾等。自杀方式以服药过量、自缢、溺水、坠楼为多。对大学生自杀同题应予重视,并提出预防措施。     

农村自杀流行病学调查

对滕州市某镇1989年度72075人口中自杀情况进行调查,结果发现:自杀者107例,死亡35例,自杀率48.56/10万;未遂72例,自杀未遂率99.89/10万;与性别、年龄、文化程度、经济状况、家庭类型、婚姻状况等关系密切。自杀组接受负性生活事件明显高于对照组。分析了自杀率、自杀原因及自杀心理过程特点,并从社会学、流行病学和心理学角度,提出了相应的干预措施。     

云南省自杀情况研究

194 0～ 194 4年 6月清华大学国情普查研究所对呈贡县开展人口研究工作[1] ,是中国最早的自杀问题调查。万文鹏对西双版纳州景洪县基诺族进行心理卫生现状研究[2 ] ,196 8～ 1978年基诺族自杀 19人 ,1979～ 1989年自杀 10人 ,年平均自杀死亡率9 6 1/ 10万 ,认为基诺族自杀率不低 ,自杀手段激烈。于 1980～ 2 0 0 0年我省有关自杀研究的论文据不完全统计共 2 5篇 ,译文 6篇 ,其他论文中涉及有关自杀研究的 10篇。1　对住院精神病人自杀的研究 (表 1)涉及住院精神病人自杀研究共 8篇 ,多为案例报告 ,自杀人数共 99例。表 1　住院精神疾病患者…     

上海市宝山区自杀死亡流行病学研究

目的：调查上海市城乡一体化地区人口自杀死亡率、自杀原因和自希方式,方法：普查1997－1999年宝山区疾病预防控制中心的死亡报告和区公安局的自杀案例。结果：3年中共自杀死亡206人,全人口年平均自杀死亡率为9．43／10万,≥15岁人群年平均自杀死亡率为11．04／10万。结论自杀是一个重要的公共卫生问题,应努力做好它的预防工作。     

嘉峪关市自杀案例调查

目的：研究嘉峪关市自杀率、自然方式、自然原因等。方法：对嘉峪关市1975－1998年间城乡中所有自然死亡者资料作为调查研究对象，以CCMD－2－R标准确定诊断。结果：共调查348例，自杀率为15．59／10万人口，年龄以20－29岁为最多，自然方式以服毒为最常见，其次为自缢。自杀原因以婚恋及人际关系为主，其次为精神疾病。结论：该市自杀率较高，应引起重视。     

中国自杀率研究

据全国疾病监测系统的数据(1991～1995),中国的自杀死亡率为19.85/10万,卫生部1999年公布的1993年数据为22.2/10万.中国自杀死亡的绝对人数居世界第一,全世界大约每年42%的自杀死亡发生在占世界人口25%的中国人口[1].     

一、关于自杀的研究(二) 中国自杀率研究

据全国疾病监测系统的数据 (1991～ 1995 ) ,中国的自杀死亡率为 19 85 /10万 ,卫生部 1999年公布的 1993年数据为 2 2 2 /10万。中国自杀死亡的绝对人数居世界第一 ,全世界大约每年 4 2 %的自杀死亡发生在占世界人口 2 5 %的中国人口[1] 。1　自杀率1 1　自杀死亡率　中国自杀死亡率高达 19 85 / 10万 ,其中城市为 6 5 / 10万 ,农村为 2 2 89/ 10万 ;98 91%的自杀死亡者大于 15岁 ,其中 15～ 34岁占4 0 7% ,6 0岁以上占 2 9 72 % [1] 。自杀率具有以下特点 :①年轻女性自杀死亡率高于男性 ,且主要表现在农村 ;②农村自杀死亡率高于城市…     

综合医院有自杀倾向的住院患者发生自杀行为的影响因素分析

目的描述综合医院具有自杀倾向患者的特征,并分析此类患者发生自杀行为的危险因素.方法回顾性连续纳入南方医科大学南方医院2012年10月至2017年10月的住院患者中具有自杀倾向的病例共680例,根据是否发生自杀行为分为自杀倾向组(有自杀倾向无自杀行为,527例)和自杀行为组(有自杀倾向亦有自杀行为,153例).收集他们的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、户籍、入院科室、自杀诱因、自杀方式、精神疾患、躯体疾患及显著的精神症状等资料.采用单因素分析比较两组间的社会人口学和临床特征差异,采用二分类Logistic回归分析研究自杀行为的危险因素.结果自杀倾向组主要为女性[66.6%(351例)]、已婚[77.4%(458例)]、心理科[74.4%(392例)]、抑郁症[66.2%(349例)].自杀行为组中,男性和女性的自杀方式差异有统计学意义(χ^2=12.489,P=0.014),选择跳楼方式的男性较多,药物及割脉方式的女性更多.Logistic回归分析结果表明,入住重症医学科(OR=7.844,95%CI:2.240~27.475,P=0.001)、婚恋受挫(OR=3.646,95%CI:1.217~10.917,P=0.021),肿瘤(OR=4.620,95%CI:1.552~13.755,P=0.006),双相情感障碍(OR=3.734,95%CI:1.157~12.052,P=0.028)是自杀行为的危险因素.结论具有自杀倾向的患者中,入住重症医学科、双相情感障碍、肿瘤、婚恋挫折是发生自杀行为的危险因素,而且两性的自杀方式有所不同,需要临床高度重视,并采取针对性预防措施.     

自杀的国内外研究现状

自杀已成为近年来全世界精神卫生研究领域的重要课题之一,根据有关报道,1990年全球自杀死亡人数达140万,占该年总死亡人数的1.6％,而自杀或因意外死亡导致的伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)损失为15.9％。表1归纳了近年来世界各国的自杀率,从中不难发现:自杀率和性别的差异在各国之间是非常显著的,一般男性高于女性(中国例外),目前男性自杀率最高的国家为前苏联解体后的立陶宛、俄罗斯联邦、拉托维亚和爱沙尼亚等(年自杀率>60/10万),而女性自杀率最高的国家为斯里兰卡、中国、匈牙利和爱沙尼亚等(年自杀率>14/10万)。而在部分     

江西省自杀流行病学调查

我们于2002年3至4月在江西省内进行了精神疾病流行病学调查,现将其中自杀致死者的情况报告如下。1对象和方法为江西省城镇和农村常住居民。共调查5506户,20967人;城市4531人,农村16436人。调查自1997年以来自杀死亡的病例,填写自杀登记表。2结果5年2个月中自杀死亡15例,年平均自杀死亡率13.84/10万;男10例,女5例;年龄13～47岁,平均(29.9±15.2)岁;未婚3例,已婚10例,离婚1例,丧偶1例;初中1例,小学12例,文盲2例;农民10例,学生1例,工人1例,无业3例;城市2例,自杀死亡率8.53/10万,农村13例,自杀死亡率15.29/10万。自杀诱因有家庭纠纷、精神疾病、…     

Factors associated with suicide method among psychiatric patients in a general hospital in Korea

This study aims to highlight the factors associated with suicide method among psychiatric patients in a general hospital in Korea. In a sample of 467 suicides by patients who had received mental health care in a general hospital in Korea, the relationship between suicide method and time of death as well as clinical characteristics, including psychiatric adiagnosis, was examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Compared with the general population, psychiatric patients, regardless of disorder, committed suicide by jumping from heights more often than by hanging (OR=2.35–8.64). In particular, patients with psychotic disorders and female patients were more likely to use jumping from a height than hanging to kill themselves (OR=2.98 and 1.83, respectively). Patients were more likely to use suicide methods other than hanging (e.g., OR=6.7 for jumping, 5.3 for drowning, and 2.7 for self-poisoning) between midnight and dawn. Possible suicide-prevention strategies suggested by this study include limiting access to or fencing off tall structures in close proximity to psychiatric institutions and residential care homes. At night, limiting access to or instituting heightened supervision of tall structures is specifically indicated.     

Suicide in the island of Singapore

In a study of suicide in Singapore in 1980 there were 230 cases and the suicide rate for the general population was 9.5 per 100,000. The age-specific rates increased steeply after 50 years and there was a male preponderance especially in the age group 60 years and over. Comparing the three major ethnic groups in Singapore, the highest rate was seen in the Indians and Chinese, whereas the Malays had the lowest. Amongst the suicides there were 59 (25.7%) with mental illness, mainly schizophrenia, and they were of a younger age group, 20-39 years. The commonest method of suicide was jumping from high-rise flats.     

Levosulpiride in somatoform disorders: A double-blind,placebo-controlled cross-over study

BACKGROUND: Suicide notes may provide valuable information about suicide victims' final thoughts, and thus may be considered as markers of the severity of the suicide attempt. However, very few studies have described the characteristics of elderly suicide note-writers and their final thoughts. INTRODUCTION: To explore whether there is a difference between those who do and do not leave a note among the elderly victims of Fatal Self Harm (FSH). Also to examine the content of suicide notes and their clinical significance. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of suicide notes obtained from coroners' records of FSH in all over 60 years of age in Cheshire over a period of 13 years (1989-2001). The term 'Fatal Self Harm' was applied to all those who were subjects of coroner's inquests and attracted verdicts of suicide, misadventure and open verdicts. RESULTS: In 71 cases (33%) (43 males, 28 females) (61% M, 39% F) suicide notes were reported in the coroner's records. The variables that appeared to differ significantly between the note-leavers and non-note-leavers were: a suicide verdict, not known to psychiatric services, and method of FSH ( P < 0.05). Gender, marital status, history of DSH, social isolation, mental or physical morbidity did not appear to differ between the two groups. More of those who took an overdose, used plastic bags, electrocuted themselves or used car exhaust fumes left suicide notes. Those who died by hanging, jumping from a height, immolation or wounding appeared equally likely to leave or not to leave a suicide note. Significantly fewer cases who died by drowning left suicide notes ( P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference in the content of suicide notes was observed in relation to gender or age. CONCLUSION: The failure to identify consistent parameters that could differentiate between note-leavers and non-note-leavers only leads to the conclusion that a minority of suicide victims leave suicide notes. Suicide note-writers may not be typical of the average suicide case and information elicited from the study of suicide notes may only apply to note-writers and not to suicide in general. However, the absence of a suicide note must not be considered an indicator of a less serious attempt. (Int J Psych Clin in Pract 2002; 6: 155-161)     

Differences in suicide behaviour in the elderly: a study in two provinces of Northern Italy

BACKGROUND: to investigate the suicide phenomenon among the elderly (people aged 65 and over) in the Italian provinces of Novara and Verbania, in the time span between January 1990 and December 2000, in order to evaluate if the characteristics of the suicide behaviour correlate to the place of living with particular attention to the psychosocial factors. METHODS: the information was collected from the Republic Procuration of the two provinces. Frequencies and contingency tables were evaluated to compare the data found in the two provinces. Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) with their confidential intervals (95% confidence intervals) were calculated in comparison with the average suicide rates in North West Italy in the same period and in the same age group. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-four suicides were committed from the elderly, with an average rate of 14.07 per 100 000 inhabitants in Novara and 25.56 in Verbania. The most common methods used to commit suicide were hanging and jumping from height. The factors chiefly related to suicide were mental disease, followed by organic illness. The analysis of SMRs point out that the incidence of suicide in the province of Verbania is higher than in North West Italy while in Novara it is lower. CONCLUSION: the evaluation of the suicide risk in the elderly in a diagnostic and preventive framework must take into consideration the psychosocial factors that vary with the place of living.     

Suicide by schizophrenic patients in psychiatric hospitals

A detailed investigation was carried out on the schizophrenics who committed suicide at the Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital Matsuzawa during the last 30 years. Of these 58 schizophrenics, 52 cases (male 25, female 27) were studied in this report. The mean age of suicide patients was 38.6 years (male: 34.3 years, female: 42.6 years); in males the suicide occurred between 20 and 39 years (80%), while females showed a wider distribution with two peaks in the 25 to 34 years group (26%) and the 40 to 54 years group (41%). 88% (22/25) of males were unmarried, whereas only 33% (9/27) of the women were unmarried. Suicide methods were comprised of hanging (51.9%-27 cases), being run over by a streetcar (28.8%-15 cases), drowning (6 cases), jumping off a high building (3 cases) and intoxication by creosol liquid soap (1 case). In case of male patients hanging was most frequent (72%), followed by jumping into a streetcar to get run over (24%). Likewise, hanging and jumping into a streetcar were most frequent in females (33.3%, respectively), followed by drowning (22.2%), a method selected by females only. From 1951 to 1960 (right before and after the introduction of psychopharmacotherapy) hanging ranked first, but the suicide methods were shifted to the jumping into a streetcar and drowning after installation of the Open-Door-System (around the years 1961-1970). During the last 10 years (from 1971 to 1980) suicide by jumping from a high building increased. Suicide committed in the open ward occurred 9 times only (17.3%); it was, therefore, a much rarer occurrence than had been expected. This fact may show that such an open ward system would be associated with a relatively low risk of suicide. After introduction of psychiatric pharmacotherapy and as social rehabilitation continued, the incidence was relatively stable and no increase was found in our data. Only 4 patients (7.7%) left suicide notes, which made it difficult to draw a clear conclusion on the motivations. Twenty-six cases (50%) died by the first attempted suicide, but in 13 cases (25%) suicide was finally accomplished after the second trial or more. Women performed several repeated suicide attempts (37%), whereas the male patients died at the first or second attempt (88%). Hospitalization lasted on an average for 5 years and 8 months (male: 3 years and 8 months, female: 7 years and 6 months); the shortest stay was 2 days and the longest was 25 years and 11 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Suicide in Hong Kong 1971–1990: age trend,sex ratio,and method of suicide

Summary This study gives an overview of the suicide rates in Hong Kong in the last 2 decades (1971–1990). It was found that the average suicide rate for the whole population was 11.3 per 100,000 population and it has been quite steady in recent years. The male and female adolescent (age-group 10–24 years) suicide rates were approximately the same, while the ratio of the overall male to female rate was 1.3:1. This indicated a relatively high female rate as compared with other countries. An examination of the suicide rates for various age-groups showed that the rate increased with age. The adolescent suicide rate was not particularly high (4.7 per 100,000 population for the age-group 10–24 years), but that for the elderly was 4–5 times the overall rate (49.5 per 100,000 population for those aged over 70 years). As regards the method of suicide, jumping from a height and hanging predominated in all age-groups. These methods were in great contrast to those used in other countries.     

Suicide in the elderly in Austria

In most countries men and women have the highest suicide rates in age groups over 60 years. We investigated suicide rates for the elderly in Austria, a country with one of the highest suicide rates in the world, for the period 1980–1991, using data from the Federal Statistical Division. Suicide rates remained stable over the last decade at a very high level. The mean rate for men was 85.2, for women 28.6/100 000. In men and women rates rise with age. The mean rate of men rises from 51.2 (60–64 years) to 117.3/100 000 (over 85 years); in women there is an increase from 21.4 (60–64 years) to 32.8/100 000 (over 85 years). We did not confirm findings in other countries, where suicide rates have increased in recent years.     

Suicide in cyprus 1988-1999.

Suicide is a universally observed human behavior related to bio-psychological, social and cultural factors. The aim of the present study was to examine suicide in Cyprus, an island that has known many civilizations and cultures. All completed suicide cases in the Christian population of Cyprus during the years 1988-1999 were included in the study and they were analyzed according to age, gender, reported reasons for suicide and suicide methods. The main results indicate that: 1. The mean age-standardized suicide rate is the lowest in Europe, in males (3.08/100,000) and also in females (1.05/100,000). 2. Mean suicide rates increase significantly with age in males only. 3. Female suicide rates are highest in the 15-24 age group. 4. Statistically significant rising trends of male and female suicide rates in the all-ages group. 5. Suicide methods were mostly violent. Among males, the most common methods were poisoning, firearms-explosives, and hanging, while in females, jumping, hanging and poisoning. 6. Mental disorders, physical illness, interpersonal and financial problems were the main reported reasons for suicide. The epidemiological characteristics of suicide in Cyprus might be attributed to a combined effect of social and cultural factors and probably reflect influences from countries to which Cyprus is ethnically, historically or geographically related.     

Association between the accessibility to lethal methods and method-specific suicide rates: An ecological study in Taiwan

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between availability of lethal methods of suicide and method-specific suicide rates at the city/ county level in Taiwan. METHOD: Age-adjusted and age-specific suicide rates of 23 cities/counties in Taiwan for the years 1999 to 2003 were calculated. Partial correlation coefficients were used to examine cross-sectional associations between independent variables, i.e., proportion of agricultural population and proportion of households living on the sixth floor or above, and suicide rates by different methods (poisoning by solids/liquids, jumping, and hanging) after adjusting for unemployment rates and prevalence of depression. RESULTS: The partial correlation coefficient was 0.77 (p < .001) for proportion of agricultural population with solids/liquids poisoning suicide rates. It was 0.73 (p < .001) for the proportion of households living on the sixth floor or above with suicide rates by jumping. Correlations between hanging suicide rates and proportion of agricultural population or between hanging suicide rates and proportion of households living on the sixth floor or above were not significant. CONCLUSION: The results showed strong positive associations between access to lethal methods and method-specific suicide rates. Controlling the availability of pesticides and fencing high buildings or installing window guards may be effective measures for suicide prevention.     

Suicide in Young Singaporeans Aged 10–24 Years Between 2000 to 2004

The objective of this study was to understand the features of young suicide in order to contribute to suicide prevention efforts. In this article, the demographic, clinical, and suicide-related features of all cases of young suicide (aged 10–24 years) in Singapore for the years 2000–2004 are described. We also compared those who sought mental health services to those who did not. Overall, the suicide rate was 5.7 per 100, 000, with gender ratio of 1:1 and higher rates among ethnic Indians. Psychosocial stressors and suicide by jumping from height were common. Mental health service use was associated with unemployment, previous suicide attempts, family history of suicide, more use of lethal methods, lack of identifiable stressor, and less suicide notes. Suicide prevention efforts should promote awareness of suicide risks and access to mental health services.