低噪声超导量子干涉器件磁强计设计与制备

超导量子干涉器件(superconducting quantum interference device, SQUID)作为一种极灵敏的磁通传感器,在生物磁探测、低场核磁共振、地球物理等领域得到广泛应用.本文介绍了一种基于SQUID的高灵敏度磁强计,由SQUID和一组磁通变压器组成. SQUID采用一阶梯度构型,增强其抗干扰性.磁通变压器由多匝螺旋的输入线圈和大尺寸单匝探测线圈组成,其中输入线圈与SQUID通过互感进行磁通耦合.利用自主工艺平台,在4英寸硅衬底上完成了基于Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb约瑟夫森隧道结的SQUID磁强计制备.低温测试结果显示,该磁强计磁场灵敏度为0.36 nT/Φ_0,白噪声段磁通噪声为8μΦ_0/√Hz,等效磁场噪声为2.88 fT/√Hz.     

弱磁场测量技术进展

本文简述了无定向磁强计、感应线圈磁强计、质子磁强计、光泵磁强计、磁通门磁强计、超导量子磁强计等几种弱磁场测量仪器的特点和现状，重点评述了磁通门技术、高温ＳＱＵＩＤ技术等的最近发展，介绍了弱磁场测量技术的典型应用．     

传输线法测量可调谐振器

在高阻硅基片上,我们制备了末端串联了dc-SQUID的λ/4谐振器,实现了可调超导共面波导谐振器.通过与谐振器耦合的传输线,我们测量了可调λ/4谐振器在外加磁通偏置下谐振频率的可调性,并将结果和理论值进行了比较和分析.     

应用于无屏蔽心磁测量中的平面三轴磁强计

目前,无屏蔽心磁测量中主要的噪声抑制技术是梯度计.通常,由于制作工艺不完美和结构不对称等原因,梯度计具有一定的不平衡性.为了提高梯度计的噪声抑制能力,需要采用磁强计进行补偿.本文基于低温超导量子干涉仪（SQUID）设计并制作了平面三轴磁强计.设计思想是通过增加磁通反馈线圈与SQUID间的互感系数,减小了三轴磁强计间的相...     

超导量子比特

随着2019年谷歌成功实现了“量子优势”,超导量子计算的研究正引起人们更加广泛的关注.超导量子比特是拥有量子化能级、量子态叠加和量子态纠缠等量子力学特性的宏观器件,目前被广泛应用于量子物理、原子物理、量子光学、量子化学、量子模拟和量子计算等诸多领域中.本文将重点讨论位相、电荷、传输子以及磁通型超导量子比特的基本原理及其器件结构,并讨论器件的制备方法和量子态测量技术,最后对基于超导量子比特开展的物理问题的研究做一简单介绍.     

基于双晶退火衬底的高温超导纳米量子干涉仪在液氦液氮温区下的输运特性

超导纳米量子干涉器件是近年来发展起来的一种新型超导器件, 通过现代微纳加工技术将其超导环缩小到纳米尺寸, 构成高度灵敏的微观自旋探测器, 理论上可以达到测量单电子自旋的灵敏度. 同时, 高温超导由于具有较高的临界温度和上临界场也备受关注. 然而, 相比于低温超导量子干涉器件, 高温超导量子干涉器件的1/f 噪声更加显著, 这限制了其在低频下的应用. 本文基于双晶衬底技术, 通过聚焦离子束加工制备高温超导纳米量子干涉仪, 并对其在液氦和液氮温区下的电学性能、4.2 K 下的磁通噪声进行表征. 实验发现, 通过预先退火处理钛酸锶双晶衬底, 可以有效改善衬底表面的粗糙度, 进而优化高温超导纳米量子干涉仪的1/f 磁通噪声. 最终得到低频下(1 Hz)的磁通噪声灵敏度为4.9 μΦ0/Hz1/2 , 比未事先预处理的小一到两个数量级, 这对于推进高温超导纳米量子干涉器件在低频下的应用意义重大.     

含有两个约瑟夫森结的射频SQUID的本征磁通噪声

我们研究了双结射频超导量子干涉器件（rf SQUID）的含时特性，给出了总磁通的动力学方程，并分析了在回滞模式和非回滞模式下的本征磁通噪声。结果显示：两个结的临界电流差别越大则越有助于获得小的本征噪声，在这种情况下，双结rf SQUID的本征磁通噪声会比单结rf SQUID的噪声稍大，但不超过一个数量级。     

可调半波长超导共面波导谐振器

和传统的共面波导谐振腔相比,超导共面波导谐振器(SCPWR)具有低损耗、高Q值等优势,可以方便地与超导量子比特相互耦合.通过在谐振器的中心导体中嵌入一系列的dc-SQUID,可以实现谐振器谐振频率的连续可调.我们利用深紫外曝光和电子束蒸发相结合的微加工工艺,制备了分别嵌入1个和3个dc-SQUID的SCPWR,并在极低温(mK)和低噪声环境下,测量了样品的传输特性.实验结果表明,嵌入1个和3个dc-SQUID的实验样品分别实现了60 MHz和187 MHz范围的谐振频率可调,实验数据与理论计算结果具有较好的一致性.     

基于多途信道的舰船辐射噪声功率谱密度估计*

针对低信噪比下利用单水听器估计辐射噪声功率谱密度精度较差的问题,提出一种基于多途信道传输函数估计的垂直阵测量估计1 m处舰船辐射噪声功率谱密度的方法。该方法将信道传输函数表示为多途路径近场阵列流形向量的叠加,较快地估计了信道传输函数,将其用于舰船辐射噪声功率谱密度估计,可较简便地估计距声中心1 m处辐射噪声的功率谱密度,即谱源级。分析了产生功率谱密度估计误差的原因,包括信道估计误差和环境噪声引起的误差,为降低估计误差提供了理论依据。仿真结果表明,该方法估计1 m处辐射噪声功率谱密度的性能良好。     

第Ⅱ类超导体中磁通运动的低频电压噪声研究

用有限温度下的分子动力学方法模拟二维无序钉扎磁通系统的低频宽带电压噪声.计算了磁通运动的电压噪声谱密度，研究了宽带噪声（BBN）随驱动电流、钉扎强度和温度的变化规律.BBN随钉扎强度的增加而增大，反映了BBN是磁通运动受体钉扎阻碍而产生的内部耗散. BBN随温度的升高而减小，表明热运动部分抵消了体钉扎以及磁通之间相互作用，软化了磁通线格子，使磁通运动BBN减小.以上结论与实验相符，并能解释磁通运动的微观图像. 关键词： 第Ⅱ类超导体 电压噪声 动力学模拟     

Multiple fluorescence and the electronic relaxation processes of coronene vapor: The fluorescence from the S1, S2, and S3 states

Fluorescence and excitation spectra of coronene vapor have been measured under different conditions. Weak emission which can be regarded as the fluorescence from the third excited singlet state, S₃(¹E_1u), was observed in addition to the S₁(¹B_2u) and S₂(¹B_1u) fluorescence. The observed S₂ and S₃ fluorescence are substantially different from those reported previously for coronene vapor. Addition of oxygen resulted in significant decrease of the S₁ fluorescence intensity, but did not affect the S₂ fluorescence intensity, indicating the faster decay rate of the S₂ state than that of S₁. Excitation energy dependence of the S₁, S₂ and S₃ fluorescence quantum yields (Φ_F(S₁), Φ_F(S₂) and Φ_F(S₃), respectively) revealed that Φ_F(S₁) decreases with increasing excitation energy, while Φ_F(S₂) and Φ_F(S₃) increase significantly. The quantum yield ratios, Φ_F(S₂)/Φ_F(S₁) and Φ_F(S₃)/Φ_F(S₂), obtained as a function of excitation energy are correlated with the ratios of the relative internal conversion rates.     

Helmet-size vessels of high-Tc oxide superconductor for magnetic shield

We have developed a very large magnetic shielding vessel made from high-T_c Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor and have experimentally confirmed that this vessel can reduce a weak magnetic field to -100 dB or 1/10⁵. The size of this vessel is 32 cm in diameter, 64 cm in depth and 2.5 cm in thickness. The shielding effect of the vessel does not decrease even at a low frequency like 0.2 Hz. The high attenuation ratio in the low frequency range indicates that magnetic shielding using a high-T_c superconductor is promising for neuromagnetic measurements with SQUID.     

Ground state hyperfine structure of95Mo and97Mo

The hyperfine structure of the ground state 4d ⁵ 5s ⁷ S ₃ of⁹⁵Mo and⁹⁷Mo has been measured by the atomic beam magnetic resonance technique with the following results:⁹⁵Mo:A=?208.582060(10)MHz,B=37.050 (100) kHzC=?30 (10) Hz,D=?3 (3) Hz⁹⁷Mo:A=? 212.980930 (10) MHz,B?69.990(140)kHzC=?5 (10) Hz,D=0 (3) Hz. After application of corrections calculated according to second order perturbation theory, the hyperfine structure constants became:⁹⁵Mo: A_c=?208.582560(290)MHz,B _c =16.920(4300)kHzC _c=?30(270) Hz,D _c =? 3 (50) Hz⁹⁷Mo: A_c=212.981450(300) MHz,B _c =?90.780(4400)kHzC _c=?6(270) Hz,D _c =0 (50) Hz. With the known ratio ofg _I(⁹⁵Mo)/g _I(⁹⁷Mo) [1] a calculation of the hyperfine anomaly yields:₉₅ Δ ₉₇=?0.01009(17)%. The ratio of the uncorrectedB factors isB(⁹⁷Mo)/B(⁹⁵Mo)=?1.8890(47). Because of the relatively large effects of second order hyperfine structure, the ratio of the correctedBfactors differs considerably from the ratio of the uncorrectedB factors. From the correctedB factors the electric quadrupole moments may be evaluated by means of calculated radial integrals [2]. The results are:Q (⁹⁵Mo)=?0.019(12)barns,Q(⁹⁷Mo)=0.102(39)barns.     

大有效面积的高Tc rf SQUID

关键词： c rf SQUID')" href="#">高T_c rf SQUID 新型结构 大有效面积 磁通聚焦器     

Tuning rf-SQUID flux qubit system's potential with magnetic flux bias

At an extremely low temperature of 20 mK, we measured loop current in a tunable rf superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) with a dc-SQUID. By adjusting the magnetic flux applied to the rf-SQUID loop (Φ_f) and the small dc-SQUID (Φ_f^cjj), respectively, the potential shape of the system can be fully controlled in situ. Variations of transition step and overlap size in switching current with the barrier flux bias are analyzed, from which we can obtain some relevant device parameters and built up a model to explain the experimental phenomenon.     

Measurements of nanoparticle size distribution produced by laser ablation of tungsten and boron-carbide in N2 ambient

Nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by ablating tungsten and boron-carbide (B₄C) target materials in atmospheric pressure nitrogen ambient using ArF excimer laser pulses. The size distributions of the NPs formed during the ablation were monitored—within a 7-133 nm size window—by a condensation particle counter connected to a differential mobility analyzer. The laser repetition rate was varied between 1-50 Hz, and the fluence was systematically changed in the range of 0.5-15 J/cm², for both materials, allowing a comparative study in an extended laser parameter regime. The multishot ablation threshold (Φ_th) of B₄C was determined to be ∼1.9 J/cm² for the laser used (ArF excimer, λ = 193 nm). Similarly to earlier studies, it was shown that the size distributions consist of mainly small nanoparticles (<∼20 nm) attributed to a non-thermal ablation mechanism below Φ_th. An additional broad peak appears (between 20 and 40 nm) above Φ_th as a consequence of the thermally induced macroscopic ablation. Chemical composition of deposited polydisperse nanoparticles was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing nitrogen incorporation into the boron-carbide.     

Experimental demonstration of the sensitivity of an optically pumped quantum magnetometer

The sensitivity σ of an optically pumped quantum magnetometer is measured directly by comparing the output frequencies of ⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb magnetometers integrated in a single two-isotope cell. The result σ₈₇=59.6±6 fT Hz^−1/2 agrees well with the value σ ₈₇ ^light =53.7±2 fT Hz^−1/2 obtained indirectly by measuring 87 the ratio of the resonance steepness to the shot noise of light.     

Yba2Cu3O7-δ不可逆线与钉扎势的关联

本文分别测量了熔融织构YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ高温超导体不可逆线与钉扎势U₀,发现该样品的不可逆线在温区72—85K范围内呈指数形式B^*-e^(-T*/T_c)函数关系,而且在温度77K,不可逆线并不能与磁测量临界电流密度J_c=0相对应,我们认为高温超导体的不可逆线的函数形式与样品的钉扎势紧密关联。 关键词：     

Vibronic coupling and excited‐state reaction dynamics of pyrazine in 1 1B2u (1ππ*) state by resonance Raman spectroscopy and CASSCF calculation

The photophysics and photochemistry of pyrazine (C₄H₄N₂, D_2h) after excitation to the S₂ (1 ¹B_2u, ¹ππ*) electronic state were studied by using the resonance Raman spectroscopy and complete active space self‐consistent field method calculations. The B‐band resonance Raman spectra in cyclohexane solvent were obtained at 266.0, 252.7, and 245.9 nm excitation wavelengths to probe the structural dynamics of pyrazine in the S₂ (1 ¹B_2u, ¹ππ*) state. Three electronic states 1 ¹B_3u, 1 ¹B_1g, and 1 ¹B_2g were found to couple with the S₂ (1 ¹B_2u, ¹ππ*) state. Two conical intersection (CI) points CI[S₂(B_2u)/S₁(B_3u)] and CI[S₁/S₀] and one transition state of the isomerization between pyrazine and pyrimidine were predicted to play important roles in the photochemistry of pyrazine. On the basis of the calculations, the mechanism of the photoisomerization reaction between pyrazine and pyrimidine has been proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Production of a pion system in exclusive B c → V (P)+n π decays

Exclusive Bc-meson decays accompanied by the production of vector or pseudoscalar heavy quarkonia (η _c , η _c (2S), J/φ, φ(2S), and B _s ^(*) ) and an nπ light-meson system, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 5, are considered.