繁殖期黄喉Wu的领域鸣唱及其种内个体识别

在镜泊湖自然保护区收录黄喉wu（Emberiza elegans）的鸣唱声,室内作出鸣唱的语图和声谱图。繁殖期黄喉wu领域鸣唱的频率范围2.4-6KHz,有13-28个音节,2-3泛音,鸣唱持续时间2.2-4.0秒;具有相似的频谱结构,但种内个体间亦存在差异。野外对比实验的结果可说明,黄喉wu有识别邻鸟和陌生鸟领域鸣唱的能力,有对声音的记忆和定位的能力。     

繁殖期黄喉鹀的领域鸣唱及其种内个体识别

在镜泊湖自然保护区收录黄喉鹀(Emberiza elegans)的鸣唱声,室内作出鸣唱的语图和声谱图。繁殖期黄喉鹀领域鸣唱的频率范围2.4—6KHz,有13—28个音节,2—3个泛音,鸣唱持续时间2.2—4.0秒;具相似的频谱结构,但种内个体间亦存在差异。野外对比实验的结果可说明,黄喉鹀有识别邻鸟和陌生鸟领域鸣唱的能力,有对声音的记忆和定位的能力。     

河北塞罕坝褐柳莺繁殖期鸣唱变化

2017年5至8月,在河北省塞罕坝录制了80只繁殖期雄性褐柳莺(Phylloscopusfuscatus)的鸣唱,对其鸣唱句型和句子参数以及音节类型的变化进行了定量分析。褐柳莺鸣唱的两种主要句型——S-song和V-song,前者(F_(3,75)=17.983,P 0.05)和后者(F_(3,75)=17.983,P 0.05)的使用频次在不同月份间均存在显著差异。S-song的使用频次多于V-song的使用频次,且二者在繁殖季的变化表现出相反的趋势:S-song使用频次在5月和8月较高,在6月最低;而V-song的使用频次却是在6月达到最高值,在5月和8月较低。不同月份鸣唱句子最高频率(F_(3,75)=4.841,P 0.05)、句子频宽(F_(3,75)=3.814,P 0.05)和句子峰频率(F_(3,75)=3.793,P 0.05)均存在显著差异。通过80只个体的2 400个鸣唱语句得到了65种音节类型,其中,80%以上的音节类型在每个月中均有分布,但每月音节类型数存在显著差异(F_(3,75)=5.456,P 0.05)。音节类型数量随繁殖季的变化表现为,7月褐柳莺鸣唱中具有最多的音节类型数(19.79±3.69),5月和8月音节类型数较少,8月最少。     

黄腹山雀的鸣唱特征分析

2006年4—5月及2007年6月,在北京小龙门林区录制了黄腹山雀(Parus venustulus)的鸣唱,利用Avisoft-SASLab Pro鸟声声谱分析软件(德国)测量鸣唱特征参数后进行统计分析,发现该地区的黄腹山雀种群鸣唱句法简单,鸣唱句子均为相同音节的不断重复。所采集的音节曲目中包含了56种音节型,音节类型数与采样个体数(r=0.973,P=0.000<0.05)呈显著正相关,不同个体的领域性鸣唱存在显著差异。与同域分布的大山雀、褐头山雀、煤山雀、沼泽山雀相比较,黄腹山雀的鸣唱句子最短(Dv=0.83±0.48),频率较高(Fmax=7.64±1.01,Fmin=3.27±1.13),句子中音节的重复次数最少(Ns.v=2.0±0.2)。     

河北塞罕坝褐柳莺鸣唱特征分析

2014年7月至8月,在天气良好的情况下,每天上午5:00至10:00时,利用TASCAM DR-680型录音机外接Sennheiser ME67话筒,录制了河北塞罕坝林场处于繁殖期的褐柳莺(Phylloscopus fuscatus)鸣声。录音的采样精度为16 bit,采样频率设置为44.1 k Hz。共获得41只个体清晰可供分析的录音,平均每只个体录到(47±16)句录音。利用Raven pro分析软件测量鸣唱参数,如每个句子和音节的最低频率、最高频率、起始频率及终止频率、持续时间和音节(音素)个数。进行统计分析后,发现河北地区褐柳莺鸣唱语句包含两种类型,句型较单一不变的S-song和句型多变的V-song。褐柳莺鸣唱句子的最高频率为(7.04±0.89)k Hz,最低频率为(1.75±0.30)k Hz,起始频率为(4.53±2.00)k Hz,终止频率(3.22±1.43)k Hz,句子的持续时间(1.24±0.32)s,由(6.50±1.91)个音节组成。基于语图上音节形态的差异,共发现49种不同的音节类型,每只个体鸣唱中使用2到30种音节类型。     

卧龙血雉繁殖期行为特征分析

1 995年 4～ 6月在四川卧龙自然保护区五一棚地区 ,采用无线电追踪技术结合野外行为观察 ,对血雉繁殖期行为特征进行了研究。结果表明 ,繁殖前期雄鸟在警戒行为的频次及持续时间上均显著地高于雌鸟 (T test,频次 ,t=-4 73 ,P <0 0 1 ;时间 ,t=-2 80 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;孵卵期 ,雄鸟在警戒行为的总持续时间上显著地高于雌鸟 (T test,t=-4 75 ,P <0 0 1 ) ,雌鸟在取食行为的总持续时间上显著地高于雄鸟 (T test,t=3 41 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;对雌雄个体行为同时进行观察的结果表明 ,雌鸟维持行为的时间与雄鸟警戒行为的时间显著正相关 (Y =49 68+0 2 693X ,r=0 71 79,P =0 0 0 2 6)。繁殖前期和孵卵期雄鸟的警戒行为可以提高雌鸟用于取食、理羽、沙浴的时间 ,而减少用于警戒的时间     

蓝冠噪鹛繁殖期生境选择特征分析

2013年至2015年每年4—7月,在江西婺源境内对蓝冠噪鹛繁殖小群进行调查。观察并测量其繁殖地斑块海拔,距山地、水源及干扰源的距离,计算斑块面积、周长及形状指数,并在每个繁殖斑块的4个方向5km以外选取同样植被类型的对照斑块,比较繁殖斑块与对照斑块在以上7个因子的差异。结果表明繁殖斑块海拔,距山地距离和距干扰距离显著小于对照斑块。说明在斑块尺度上,蓝冠噪鹛繁殖期倾向于选择低海拔阔叶林,且在离山地更近的村庄附近繁殖,这可能与食物丰富和天敌较少有关。在微生境尺度,选择繁殖点B在巢区及同一片阔叶林中无噪鹛筑巢的对照区进行10个生态因子的测量,并用资源选择函数以及Vanderploeg和Scavia选择系数进行分析。资源选择函数结果表明草本密度、草本高度在微生境尺度对蓝冠噪鹛生境选择贡献最大;而Vanderploeg和Scavia选择系数结果表明蓝冠噪鹛喜在胸径较粗(40—80cm)的朴树、枫杨和枫香3种树上筑巢,筑巢偏好树高20m以上及草本盖度较高(60%—90%)的生境。综合两种分析结果,在微生境尺度蓝冠噪鹛对筑巢树种及高度具有选择性,对巢区隐蔽性有所要求,巢下草本情况可以反映昆虫等食物资源状况,说明蓝冠噪鹛繁殖期偏好在食物相对丰富的区域筑巢。     

四川山鹧鸪繁殖期的鸣声行为特征

2005年4—12月在四川老君山自然保护区,通过计算机声谱分析技术,对四川山鹧鸪(Arborophilarufipectus)雄性的鸣声行为特征进行了研究,其结果表明,雄性单音节鸣声出现在啼叫、保护领域和求偶中,这些鸣声持续时间差异明显,主峰值差异不明显;雄性双音节鸣声出现在啼叫、保护领域、竞争雌体和求偶中,这些鸣声第一音节时间、第二音节时间、音节间隔时间和主峰值差异极显著,全句时间差异不明显;雄性多音节鸣声出现在保护领域、警戒和惊吓中。雄性亚成体多音节鸣声出现在惊吓和警戒中;雄性成体和亚成体警戒鸣叫的音节持续时间、音节间隔时间和主峰值差异均不明显,全句持续时间差异明显;雄性亚成体和雄性成体的惊吓鸣叫音节持续时间、音节间隔时间、全句持续时间和主峰值差异均不明显。四川山鹧鸪表现出的各种鸣声行为是为了保护配偶和防止天敌,使该种群更好地繁衍。     

三宝鸟繁殖期领域性的初步研究

鸟类领域性是鸟类生态学研究中一个引人入胜而又争议颇多的课题(Nice,1941;Hinde,1956)由于对鸟类的领域性与生态因素、种群密度之间关系的深入讨论(Davies,1978;Brown,1969;Wesolowski,1981),使得这一课题已成为鸟类种群生态学研究的重要内容之一。了解各种鸟类的领域性表现和特点,无论在理论上和实践上都是有一定的意义的。 我国鸟类生态学研究工作主要集中在鸟类繁殖习性和区系分布等方面,个体行为生态学     

珠颈斑鸠繁殖期占据领域鸣声特征及行为

2003年4～6月,在四川省南充市通过野外观察、录音、室内计算机处理及声谱分析对珠颈斑鸠繁殖期占据领域鸣声特征及行为做了研究。结果表明：珠颈斑鸠有一般占据和召唤配偶共同占据两类鸣声,两类鸣声雌雄不同,但均由3音节组成;其鸣唱具有应答性,且每次在各栖位点的鸣唱顺序大致相同;日鸣唱频次变化大,具3个高峰期;繁殖各时期鸣唱频次变化亦大。     

Song Feature Specific Analysis of Isolate Song Reveals Interspecific Variation in Learned Components

Studies of avian vocal development without exposure to conspecific song have been conducted in many passerine species, and the resultant isolate song is often interpreted to represent an expression of the genetic code for conspecific song. There is wide recognition that vocal learning exists in oscine songbirds, but vocal learning has only been thoroughly investigated in a few model species, resulting in a narrow view of birdsong learning. By extracting acoustic signals from published spectrograms, we have reexamined the findings of isolate studies with a universally applicable semi‐automated quantitative analysis regimen. When song features were analyzed in light of three different production aspects (respiratory, syringeal, and central programming of sequence), all three show marked interspecific variability in how close isolate song features are to normal. This implies that song learning mechanisms are more variable than is commonly recognized. Our results suggest that the interspecific variation shows no readily observable pattern reflecting phylogeny, which has implications for understanding the mechanisms behind the evolution of avian vocal communication. We emphasize that song learning in passerines provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolution of a complex, plastic trait from a phylogenetic perspective.     

纯色山鹪莺的领域鸣叫

鸟类鸣叫是鸟类行为研究的一项重要内容,为探究纯色山鹪莺(Prinia inornata)的鸣叫模式与其尾羽逆向变化的关系,于2007年8-10月在广东省肇庆江溪村对繁殖期纯色山鹪莺的领域鸣声等行为进行研究。运用焦点动物观察法,通过Olympus DS-20数码录音笔(100—17100Hz)和直径50cm声音收集器采集声音。行为统计以直接观察和SonyDCR-VX2000E数码摄像机录像相结合。结果如下:⑴共采集到620个鸣句,分属6种鸣句类型,其中4中为常见类型,1种为过渡类型,1种少见类型。(2)纯色山鹪莺的鸣声结构简单,变化较多,能够根据环境改变鸣声,具有识别危险程度和危险对象种类的能力。(3)鸣声均和一定的行为具有联系,4种主要鸣声类型均伴有抖尾行为出现。据此认为,纯色山鹪莺鸣唱结构简单但变化较多,而尾羽在其领域鸣叫行为中发挥了一定作用。     

Territorial songs indicate male quality in the sac-winged bat Saccopteryx bilineata (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae)

Defense of territories in many animal species involves the advertisementof territory holder quality by acoustic signaling. In the sac-wingedbat Saccopteryx bilineata, males engage in territorial countersingingwhen reoccupying their day-roost territories in the morningand in the evening before abandoning the roost for the night.Females roost mainly in male territories, and territory holdersare reproductively more successful than nonterritorial males.In territorial songs of male S. bilineata, we distinguished6 syllable types and parameterized their acoustic properties.The analysis of 11 microsatellite loci allowed assignments ofjuveniles to their parents. Males had a higher reproductivesuccess both when they uttered more territorial songs per dayand when their long buzz syllables had a lower end frequencyof the fundamental harmonic. Long buzzes had a harsh qualitydue to a pulsation of the fundamental frequency at the syllableonset and also had the highest sound pressure level of all syllabletypes in most territorial songs. Territorial songs and especiallylong buzz syllables are thus likely to advertise territory holderquality and competitive ability.     

Territorial bequeathal by red squirrel mothers

Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) defend individual, food-basedterritories year round. These territories are crucial for overwintersurvival, yet some female red squirrels in northern populationsbequeath their territories to offspring and search for a newone. Bequeathal involves active, strategic dispersal by breedingfemales. Our study documents this unusual behavior and investigatesits correlates in two red squirrel populations in northern Canada.Thirty percent of breeding females dispersed. Bequeathal wasrelated to breeding date, with late-breeding females more oftendispersing, but was not related detectably to female conditionor territory quality. As an underlying trade-off, early-bornjuveniles more likely acquired a territory independently, butearly-breeding females lost mass and may have increased theirrisk of territory loss. We suggest that bequeathal has evolvedas a consequence of condition dependence in breeding date coupledwith limited resources.     

Song and brain development in canaries raised under different conditions of acoustic and social isolation over two years

Early isolation experiments indicate that male songbirds learn their songs during an early sensitive period, although later work has shown that some open-ended learners modify songs in later years. Recent isolation experiments suggest that in some species song has a stronger genetic basis than previously thought. This study raised domestic canaries under different combinations of acoustic and social isolation and followed song development into the second year. Males raised alone in acoustic isolation developed songs with normal syllables, but larger repertoires and also produced syllables with lower repetition rates when compared to controls. The smallest repertoire occurred in males raised in a peer group. Isolate males had a smaller song control nucleus HVC than controls, but there was no effect on nucleus RA or on brain weight in general. In the second year, after introduction into a large normal colony, isolate and peer group males adjusted their syllable repertoire to normal size. In particular, the isolates reduced their repertoire even though the size of HVC showed a significant increase in volume. However, songs of isolate and peer group males still differ in repetition rate and number of single syllables in the common aviary. In contrast, control males showed low syllable turnover and no significant change in repertoire size. Nor did they show any significant change in the volumes of song control nuclei. It seems that complete isolation affects only some aspects of song and brain development, and later socialization corrects some but not all of these in the second year.     

白头鹎鸣唱特征的季节差异分析

许多动物的声通讯行为存在显著的季节变化,鸟类的鸣唱也是如此。雄鸟鸣唱具有宣告领域和吸引配偶的功能,在繁殖季节与非繁殖季节之间应存在一定差异,但差异如何？具体表现在哪些方面？这在很多鸟类中尚未可知。本研究以一种在秋季也有显著鸣唱行为的城市常见小型鸣禽——白头鹎（Pycnonotussinensis）为研究对象,比较其在春季（繁殖季）与秋季（非繁殖季）的鸣唱差异,并分析可能的原因。于2020至2021连续两年的春、秋季分别在武汉地区各采集了27只和30只雄性白头鹎的鸣唱录音,共测量分析春季鸣唱372个,秋季鸣唱435个。对测得的各鸣唱参数数据进行季节间比较,结果显示,白头鹎的鸣唱持续时间和鸣唱音节数存在显著季节差异,春季鸣唱的持续时间较秋季更长,鸣唱音节数更多。鸣唱的频率、能量分布等其他声学参数,以及鸣唱型出现率（反映鸣唱曲目大小）均未表现出显著季节差异。白头鹎鸣唱的时程特征相对其他鸣声特征更具季节可塑性。此外,还发现同一采样点的白头鹎春、秋两季使用相同的鸣唱型。本研究结果表明,春季白头鹎的单位时间鸣唱输出量更大,鸣唱行为更活跃,这与繁殖季节鸟类的领域性更强、为繁殖成功投入更多相一致。白头...