植物油制备生物柴油的研究

以植物油为原料，在催化剂（KOH）的作用下，通过甲醇酯交换反应生成脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油的试验研究，考察了醇油比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等反应条件的变化对植物油转化率和产品纯度的影响。     

小桐油制备生物柴油的研究

实验研究了以小桐子油为原料,采用循环气相酯化-酯交换-水蒸气蒸馏法制备生物柴油的工艺过程。着重研究了降低原料酸值以及酯交换过程的优化条件。试验结果表明。气相酯化法可在很短的时间内将原料的酸值降到酯交换对原料的酸值要求;酯交换反应的最佳操作条件为：甲醇用量为油重的20％,催化剂用量为油重的1％左右,反应温度为60—70℃,反应时间为90—120min。     

橡胶籽油制备生物柴油的工艺研究

实验研究了乙醇钠催化下橡胶籽油与乙醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油的工艺条件。通过正交实验和单因素实验,发现酯交换反应的最佳工艺条件:催化剂用量为油重的1.0%,醇油物质的量比为15∶1,反应温度为78℃,搅拌时间为120 min,在此反应条件下,橡胶籽油转化率为92.14%。     

桐油制备生物柴油的研究

以桐油为原料,研究了高酸值原料油的预酯化工艺条件,以及酯交换反应过程中甲醇加入的方式.对桐油预酯化工艺条件的研究结果表明,在搅拌速度一定的情况下,预酯化工艺的最佳条件为醇油摩尔比7∶1、硫酸用量为1.5%(质量比)、反应温度70℃、反应时间2 h;在研究的四个因素(醇油摩尔比,催化剂浓度,反应温度,反应时间)中,反应温度对酯化反应转化率的影响最大.在酯交换反应过程中,对分批加入甲醇的初步研究结果表明,在醇油摩尔比6 ∶1、KOH浓度 1%(质量比)、反应温度60℃、反应时间1 h的条件下,分两批加入甲醇的收率比一次加入甲醇的收率提高了4%.     

生物柴油制备以及在柴油机上应用的关键技术研究

针对工业上生产生物柴油的制备技术、工艺流程、酯交换反应影响因素、质量指标以及在柴油机上燃烧的关键技术等进行了综述。国内外仍然以酯交换法反应为主,且常以氢氧化钠等碱为催化剂。如何降低生物柴油中甲醇、甘油、水含量以及研制适用于生物柴油的抗氧化剂均是生物柴油应用的关键技术。关于多种生物柴油的掺混燃烧以及燃用生物柴油导致的排放对于生物系统的细胞毒害性和突变性等涉及人类健康影响的研究仍然有待加强。     

制备生物柴油所用催化剂的研究进展

生物柴油作为一种清洁的可再生能源,可以由动植物油脂通过酯交换反应来制备.本文概述了近年来制备生物柴油的多种催化剂,并探讨了各自的优点及缺陷.     

菜籽油超声波法制备生物柴油的研究

以菜籽油和甲醇为反应原料,以KNO3/Al2O3为催化剂,采用超声波法制备生物柴油,考察了超声波频率、醇油物质的量比、催化剂用量等条件对反应的影响。试验结果表明,该反应的最佳条件:超声波频率为30kHz,醇油物质的量比为7∶1,催化剂用量为菜籽油质量的2.0%。在此条件下,生物柴油产率为94%。所得生物柴油的主要性能指标均符合德国的生物柴油标准。     

大豆生物柴油制备及其在柴油机上的试验研究

介绍了通过酯交换反应来制取生物柴油的方法和制取流程,采用正交试验方法确定了最佳的反应条件。在增压柴油机上,进行了自制生物柴油和0#柴油的动力性、经济性以及排放的对比试验。结果表明,与0#柴油相比,燃用生物柴油时最大扭矩,最大功率以及外特性烟度均有所降低,有效燃油消耗率有所增加,NO_x、HC以及CO均有所降低。     

生物柴油制备新工艺的研究进展

综述了生物柴油的特性及其生产方法,介绍了酯交换法制备生物柴油的反应机理及其近年来出现的各种新生产工艺,包括超临界法、生物催化法、超声波法、离子液体法等,指出了生物柴油技术发展面临的问题及研究方向。     

地沟油超临界酯交换法制备生物柴油

地沟油制备生物柴油作为可再生能源具有巨大的潜力。作为制备生物柴油的原料,地沟油具有可再生、环境友好、使用和运输安全等优点。地沟油需经过酯交换转化为生物柴油。文中介绍了酯交换法在地沟油制备生物柴油生产中的应用,其中着重介绍地沟油经超临界甲醇酯交换法制备生物柴油。提出地沟油超临界酯交换制备生物柴油研究意见及优化工艺方法。     

Toward estimation of biodiesel production from castor oil using ANN

Nowadays, a green replacement for the conventional petrodiesel introduced as biodiesel in which its economical production way is using feedstock. Also, environmentally friendly fuels attracted more attention due to the serious global warming problem. In the present study, two different artificial intelligencebased modeling was utilized to predict the production of biodiesel from castor oil. Also, a comparison between the two methods was carried out, and the more applicable method for the prediction of biodiesel production was introduced. To this end, biodiesel production yield from castor oil assumed to be the target of the model and various parameters such as temperature (T), time (S), methanol to oil molar ratio, and catalyst weight (C) expected as input parameters. ANN modeling shows high accuracy and robustness for the prediction of biodiesel production, and statistical parameters such as coefficient of determination and root-mean-square error are 0.9984 and 1.13, respectively.     

Accurate modeling of biodiesel production from castor oil using ANFIS

Research for finding alternative fuel sources has been concluded that the renewable fuels such as biodiesel can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels because of the energy security reasons and environmental benefits. In this contribution, transesterification of castor oil with methanol to form biodiesel has been modeled by using artificial neural network fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) approach. Methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst amount (C), temperature (T), and time (S) were used as input parameters and fatty acid methyl ester yield was used as output parameter for modeling the efficiency of biodiesel production from castor oil. Obtaining low value of absolute deviation (2.2391), high value of R-squared (0.98704), and other modeling results proves that ANFIS modeling is an effective approach for biodiesel production from castor oil. In conclusion, comparison between our model and other previous predictive models reported in open literature indicates the priority of our model.     

Biodiesel production from castor oil using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst: Simulation and validation

The key objective of the present research is to optimize and investigate the biodiesel production from ricinuscommunis (castor) oil using microwave-assisted hybrid transesterfication process under various conditions such as microwave power, treatment time, ethanol:oil ratio and catalyst concentration (KOH). Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with four factors with a three-level Box–Behnken response surface design (BBD) was employed to model the transesterfication technique. The obtained results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a second-order polynomial model was developed to study the interactive effect of process factors on biodiesel production. Derringer’s desired function methodology was used for the optimization and optimum conditions for maximizing the biodiesel production. Under optimum conditions, the predicted biodiesel production was found to be 95% with a desirability value of 0.998. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were compared with the ASTM D6751 standards.     

Production and evaluation of biodiesel from mixed castor oil and waste chicken oil

Biodiesel was developed from an unconventional feedstock, i.e. an equivalent blend of castor bean and waste chicken oil through the alkaline-catalyzed transesterification with methanol. The process variables including the alkaline catalyst concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the alkaline catalyst type were investigated. The highest yield of biodiesel (97.20 % ~ 96.98 % w/w ester content) was obtained under optimum conditions of 0.75 % w/w of oil, 8:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60°C temperature, and a duration of 30 min. Properties of the produced biodiesel satisfied those specified by the ASTM standards. The results thus indicated that the suggested blend oils are suitable feedstock for the production of biodiesel. The process was found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics, and the activation energy was found to be 8.85 KJ/mole.     

Optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

The sequences of development that cut across industrialization, population growth, environmental and economic reasons led individuals and organizations to have direct responsibilities in the development and implementation of sound technologies that will curtail the emissions of hazardous gases and particulate matter. As a result, this study focuses on the optimization and characterization of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. It involves the characterization of the feed stock, the transesterification, the purification of the transesterified waste cooking oil, the optimization of the biodiesel produced using 2⁴ factorial experimental designs, and the characterization of the biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. Result obtained reveals that operating temperature of 30°C, transesterification time of 60 min, catalyst weight of 0.5%, and alcohol to oil ratio of 6:1 are the optimum conditions with optimum yield of 90% of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Experimental determinations of some useful properties of the biodiesel produced were carried out for the purpose of confirming the quality as well as the identification of the biofuel. These were moisture content, specific gravity, viscosity, acid value, sulfated ash, cetane number, cloud point, flash point, distillation characteristic, and refractive index. The results obtained were 0.097%, 0.854, 4.90 mm²/s, 0.80 mgKOH/g, 0.01%, 48.00, 53°F, 143°C, 320°C, and 1.412, respectively. The results obtained showed that all the parameters compare favorably with literatures and the standard biodiesel specifications; hence production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil is possible.     

以棉籽油皂脚为原料制备生物柴油

文章探讨了在酸性催化剂作用下以酸化的棉籽油皂脚为原料制备生物柴油的工艺,为棉籽油生产过程中产生的废料--棉籽油皂脚的回收利用开辟了一条新的途径.试验考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、投料比等因素对反应收率的影响,并通过正交试验优化得到了最佳工艺条件:催化剂(浓硫酸)用量4%(以脂肪物质量计),反应时间10 h,脂肪物与甲醇物质的量比为1:10.在上述最优条件下产品收率可达83%.     

大豆油制备生物柴油的工艺探索

试验研究了大豆油在催化剂（NaOH）的作用下与甲醇发生转脂化反应生成脂肪酸甲酯（生物柴油）的工艺条件。试验结果表明，该转脂化反应的最佳操作条件：NaOH用量为大豆油量的1％、油醇摩尔比为1：6、搅拌时间为50min、反应温度为50～60℃、水的含量必须控制在油重的0．1％以下。     

Optimisation of base-catalysed transesterification of Simarouba glauca oil for biodiesel production

Biodiesel was prepared from the crude oil of Simarouba glauca by transesterification with methanol in the presence of KOH as a catalyst. The reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration, alcohol to oil molar ratio, temperature and rate of mixing were optimised for the production of Simarouba oil methyl ester. The yield of methyl esters from Simarouba oil under the optimal condition was 94–95%. Important fuel properties of methyl esters of Simarouba oil (biodiesel) was compared with ASTM and DIN EN 14214. The viscosity was found to be 4.68 Cst at 40°C and the flashpoint was 165°C.     

低酸价菜籽油一步法制备生物柴油工艺的研究

以低酸价菜籽油为原料,采用一步法工艺制备生物柴油,对低酸值原料的酯化-醇解反应进行了考察及分析.试验结果表明,加入适量的水有利于酯化-醇解耦合过程的进行.在对产物组成进行分析和计算的基础上,提出了耦合反应过程的机理,并得出反应的最佳工艺条件:水的加入量为菜籽油质量的2.5%,催化剂加入量为菜籽油质量的1%,98%浓硫酸加入量为菜籽油质量的1%,醇油物质的量比为4:1,反应时间为5.5 h,最高反应温度为93℃.在以上条件下,脂肪酸甘油脂转化率达95%以上.