灰口铸铁热变形后的组织与性能

采用包覆压缩工艺在Gleeble3500热模拟试验机上实现了灰口铸铁的大塑性变形。热变形试样在石墨化退火后用光学显微镜和图像分析仪观察了显微组织和石墨形态，采用显微硬度测试以及小试样拉伸方法研究了压下量对灰口铸铁力学性能的影响．用扫描电镜观察了拉伸断口微观形貌。结果表明，灰口铸铁大塑性变形后，石墨片趋于平行分布，试样的显微硬度、拉伸强度和伸长率均有不同程度的提高，经过80％热变形的试样其显微硬度增加到217HV，拉抗强度提高到249MPa，伸长率增加到5．2％；扫描电镜观察表明，拉伸断口有分层特征。     

压下量对中厚板矫直过程中关键参数的影响

为了探讨中厚板在不同压下量条件下的矫直力能参数和工艺参数的分布规律,首先根据连续梁的三弯矩方程,推导了矫直力和矫直扭矩的模型,然后以相同的板材作为初始条件,研究了压下量对这些关键矫直参数的影响。研究结果表明:随着压下量的增加,板材与1号矫直辊的接触点逐渐向出口侧偏移,反弯曲率、残余曲率以及奇数辊处的矫直轨迹上升的幅度增加;塑性变形区域和程度逐渐增大,横向残余应力的消减量增加,但消减速度变慢,因此不应为了消减残余应力而盲目增加压下量;矫直力和弯曲内力矩的分布从三角形逐渐向梯形过渡。     

异步冷轧压下量对AZ31镁合金板显微组织的影响

对AZ31镁合金板进行了5%、10%、15%压下量的异步冷轧,通过金相分析研究了不同的冷轧压下量对AZ31镁合金板材截面显微组织分布的影响。结果表明:随着压下量的增加,板材组织中孪晶和形变带增加。5%和10%压下量时,AZ31镁合金冷轧板的变形主要为孪生;压下量为15%时,变形主要为孪晶和形变带。当压下量较小时,孪晶在板材厚度方向的分布存在明显的不均匀,轧面附近的孪晶比板材心部多。随着变形逐渐深入到板材内部,剪切应变在板材厚度方向上各层的分布也逐渐趋于均匀。由于是异步轧制,板材上下轧面附近剪切应变分布不同,对应显微组织中的孪晶和形变带存在差异。     

片层石墨尺寸对片层石墨/Al复合材料的强度和热导率的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了名义尺寸为150、300、500 mm的片层石墨(graphite flakes,Gf)增强铝基(50%Gf/Al,体积分数)复合材料,得到密度均接近理论密度的致密复合材料坯锭。片层石墨与铝合金基体结合紧密,界面处无裂纹、孔洞等缺陷。片层石墨的(001)Gf基面与复合材料坯锭的圆周方向(坯锭的xy平面)基本平行,但受粉末冶金工艺的影响,较小片层石墨的(001)Gf基面与坯锭的xy平面略有偏差。随着片层石墨的尺寸增大,偏差逐渐减少。复合材料的强度随着片层石墨尺寸增加逐渐降低。150 mm片层石墨复合材料的弯曲强度为82 MPa,当片层石墨尺寸增至500 mm时,强度降低至39 MPa。片层石墨强度较低,裂纹容易沿片层石墨的层间扩展,随着片层石墨尺寸增大,这一现象更加明显,容易在断口中观察到片层石墨剥离的现象。复合材料xy平面的热导率随片层石墨尺寸增大而增加,最高可达604 W/(m·K),与尺寸较小的片层石墨相比提高63%。300、500 mm片层石墨复合材料的界面换热系数略低于理论值,但150 mm片层石墨复合材料的界面换热系数明显小于理论值。除了片层石墨的尺寸,其形状、分布和内部缺陷等对复合材料的热导率也有一定的影响。     

应变速率对QT450-10球墨铸铁热塑性及石墨颗粒的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究了QT450-10球墨铸铁在不同压缩应变速率下的热塑性行为。结果表明:随着应变速率的增加,球墨铸铁在950℃下的极限压下量呈递减趋势。流变曲线随着真应变的增加,迅速达到一峰值后发生软化,即存在动态再结晶行为。利用光学显微镜观察了微观石墨球在明/暗场中的形貌,发现石墨颗粒在三向不等压应力作用下具有一定的塑性,但是应变速率对石墨颗粒的形貌及分布的直接影响并不明显。     

异步轧制对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对不同轧制温度、道次压下量以及轧制路径等工艺条件下所制备的AZ31镁合金板材的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明．当温度由623K升到723K时，晶粒发生长大，孪晶消失，板材的抗拉强度由275MPa降到250MPa，伸长率则由14．5％增加到18％；当道次压下量从5％增加到20％时，晶粒逐渐得到细化，板材的抗拉强度由道次压下量为5％时的265MPa增加到20％时的300MPa，伸长率则由18％降到15％；轧制路径的改变，使不同板材中孪晶的数量产生改变，路径A中的孪晶较多，伸长率较低，强度较高，路径D中的孪晶较少，伸长率较高．强度较低。     

石墨含量对铜基材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

探讨了石墨含量对铜基材料摩擦磨损性能的影响和材料的摩擦磨损机理。结果表明：不含石墨时，材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均较大，磨损主要为粘着磨损；添加石墨后，材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均显著降低，且随石墨含量增加，摩擦系数逐渐降低，在一定石墨含量范围内（＜３．５％），磨损率也逐渐减小，这与材料的强度、硬度有关。材料的磨损以应变疲劳磨损为主。随载荷增加，摩擦系数和磨损率均增加。     

原始曲率对中厚板矫直过程中的关键参数影响

基于曲率积分法探讨了小、大压下量条件下,具有随机原始弯曲缺陷的板材在矫直过程中的弯曲曲率、矫直轨迹、塑性变形率、矫直力和扭矩等关键矫直参数的分布规律。研究结果表明:即便压下量相同,如果板材原始弯曲曲率变化,各辊的反弯曲率存在差异,从而导致矫直力和矫直扭矩等力能参数存在一定差异,但是这种差异随着矫直过程的进行逐渐减小;小压下量和大压下量均可以消除板材的纵向弯曲,因此如果板材来料的原始曲率比较小就可以采取小压下量方案,如果原始曲率大且具有横向弯曲则需要采取大压下量方案以增加塑性变形率;在小、大压下量条件下,矫直力分别呈现三角形和梯形分布,因此,出入口压下油缸的压力可以根据其分布进行合理设定。     

热压烧结Gr/6061Al复合材料制备与组织性能研究

实验采用了热压烧结的方法制备了1~25vol%片层石墨(Gr)含量的Gr/6061Al复合材料,并采用了纳米铝粉包覆片层石墨的混粉工艺提高片层石墨在铝基体粉末中的分散均匀性。所制备的复合材料中,片层石墨均匀分散在铝基体中,界面结合良好,未发现界面反应产物的存在,通过透射电镜观察到了少层石墨烯的存在。1~15vol% Gr含量的Gr/6061Al复合材料的致密度均高于90%;复合材料的致密度和摩擦系数随着片层石墨含量的增加具有相同的变化趋势,都逐渐降低;石墨含量从1vol%增加到25vol%时,复合材料摩擦系数(COF)呈逐渐降低的趋势;与1vol.%Gr含量的Gr/6061Al复合材料相比,其他Gr含量的复合材料的磨损率均较高。     

润滑对3104铝合金板变形织构的影响

在无润滑(WOL)和润滑(WL)2种轧制条件下,分别对2.3 mm厚的热轧3104铝合金板进行不同压下量的冷轧.应用取向分布函数(ODF)定量计算和分析在不同轧制压下量下润滑对3104铝合金板材沿板厚方向织构演变的影响.结果表明:随着轧制压下量的增加,样品各层的织构组分强度均逐渐增加;无润滑轧制时样品表面层主要织构组分取向密度普遍高于相同压下量下润滑轧制时的取向密度.导致表面层织构组分增强的原因是摩擦引起应变状态改变的结果.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

正~~     

Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.