Fe-3％Si合金渗碳层中SiO2形成及性能

设计了一种新型的铁基二元合金—Fe-3％Si合金,并对其进行表面渗碳处理.借助于SEM、XRD、EPMA、硬度测定及摩擦实验等分析手段,研究了合金渗碳层的组织及其性能.结果表明:Fe-3％Si合金渗碳层组织中形成大量SiO2颗粒,基体主要由马氏体和残余奥氏体组成.渗碳初期,Si元素促进了碳在奥氏体中扩散并有利于奥氏体稳定性提高.但氧原子沿奥氏体晶界扩散并与晶界及其附近的Si结合形成网状SiO2,阻碍碳原子进一步扩散.渗碳处理后的Fe-3％Si表面硬度达到66 HRC,干摩擦条件下抗平面滑动摩擦磨损性能优于高铬铸铁.     

20Cr2Ni4A钢齿轮的热处理

一种20Cr2Ni4A钢齿轮要求进行渗碳、淬火处理,达到0.8～1.0 mm的渗层深度、58～62 HRC的表面硬度和34～45 HRC的心部硬度。试验了3种渗碳淬火工艺,最后确定的热处理工艺为:920℃渗碳4 h缓冷,650℃高温回火4 h炉冷至350℃空冷,810℃保温3 h油淬,190℃回火两次。     

45钢表面含钛高速钢渗层的研究

在45钢表面进行W、Mo、Ti离子三元共渗，以形成类似高速钢成分的合金化渗层；对该合金化渗层进行渗碳、淬火、回火处理。结果表明，离子渗金属后，渗层组织为合金铁素体，表面合金元素浓度(质量分数，％)为8W、10Mo、1．8Ti；渗层经渗碳后，显微组织为粒状合金珠光体 不同形状的合金碳化物，合金碳化物的分布与普通高速钢相比更为细小、弥散、均匀；渗碳试样经淬火、回火处理后，渗层显微组织为回火马氏体和均匀细小的粒状碳化物，合金碳化物为M。C(Fe，w，C)、M。C，[(FewMo)7C3]和MC(TiC、r-MoC)，硬度为800～890HV0．1(相当于64～67HRC)，红硬性为760HV0．1左右(相当于63HRC)。     

20Cr2Ni4A钢齿轮浅层渗碳热处理工艺研究

采用金相和剥层分析法对20Cr2Ni4A钢齿轮浅层渗碳处理工艺进行研究。结果表明,采用860℃渗碳,经淬火+低温回火处理后,渗碳层厚度为0.6~0.8 mm,表面硬度为58~62 HRC,心部硬度为35~47 HRC,所得金相组织符合标准要求。     

18Cr2Ni4WA钢真空渗碳后热处理工艺的优化

制定了两种不同的热处理工艺,研究18Cr2Ni4WA钢真空渗碳后回火、淬火和深冷工艺对材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明,18Cr2Ni4WA钢渗碳后,经高温回火、淬火、深冷和低温回火处理后,渗碳层深度几乎不受影响,表面残留奥氏体含量显著降低。经680 ℃×5 h两次高温回火+860 ℃淬火+－115.3 ℃深冷+160 ℃低温回火工艺处理后,试样表面硬度为64.2 HRC,渗碳层深度为0.86 mm;并得到由针状回火马氏体、少量残留奥氏体和弥散分布的点状碳化物组成的渗碳层组织和由低碳板条状回火马氏体组成的心部组织,不仅使得表面获得高硬度,同时保证了心部的强韧性。     

20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢高温渗碳工艺研究

对20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢的高温渗碳工艺进行了研究,并对其显微组织、硬度梯度、晶粒度等指标进行了测试。结果表明,20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢在高温渗碳后油淬及高温回火后的显微组织为回火马氏体加少量残留奥氏体,并在渗层表面弥散分布有碳化物颗粒,渗层表面硬度达58~62 HRC。高温渗碳后奥氏体晶粒度可达到8级,显著提高了渗碳效率。     

20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢高温渗碳工艺

对20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢的高温渗碳工艺进行了研究,并对其显微组织、硬度梯度、晶粒度等指标进行了测试。结果表明20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢在高温渗碳后油淬及高温回火后的显微组织为回火马氏体加少量残留奥氏体,并在渗层表面弥散分布有碳化物颗粒,渗层表面硬度达58~62 HRC。高温渗碳后奥氏体晶粒度可达到8级,显著提高了渗碳效率。     

不锈钢表面等离子复合处理提高耐磨性的研究

对粉碎食品用胶体磨中的由9Crl8、3Crl3不锈钢制造的转子和定子,首先进行等离子W-Mo共渗,然后进行表面等离子超饱和渗碳,并直接进行高压气体淬火、真空低温回火处理的等离子复合处理技术,提高了转子和定子的表面硬度和耐磨性,延长了使用寿命。结果表明,不锈钢表面合金层W、Mo含量（质量分数,下同）分别达到20％和10％以上。经等离子超饱和渗碳后,表面碳浓度达到2．4％～2．6％。高压气体淬火和低温回火后的表面硬度达到64HRC～66HRC。合金层组织为马氏体基体上分布着细小、均匀的碳化物。淬火后的基体硬度为53HRC～55HRC。基体高的强韧性和适当的硬度配合,表面高的硬度和耐磨的组织,使转子和定子寿命由过去只进行真空淬火和空气炉中回火工艺处理的6～10天,提高到50天以上。     

18CrNiMo7-6钢渗碳—渗硼层的组织和硬度

对18CrNiMo7-6钢试样分别进行了这样的处理:940℃渗硼5 h,油淬和低温回火;先渗碳至0.5 mm,然后940℃渗硼5 h,油淬和低温回火。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计检测了试样渗层的显微组织和硬度,以揭示预渗碳对18CrNiMo7-6钢渗硼的影响。结果表明,单一渗硼的18CrNiMo7-6钢试样渗层厚度为135μm,表面硬度为1 680 HV0.2;而经渗碳-渗硼的18CrNiMo7-6钢试样渗层厚度为150μm,表面硬度为1 710 HV0.2。两种试样的渗层均主要由Fe_2B相和少量FeB相组成。此外,渗碳-渗硼试样的过渡区宽度达1 600μm,远大于单一渗硼试样的过渡区宽度,从而显著改善了硼化物层的承载性能。     

复合化学热处理对G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢组织和硬度的影响

采用扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计和维氏显微硬度计研究了渗氮140 h对渗碳+淬火+回火G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢微观组织及硬度的影响。结果表明,渗碳+淬火+回火后G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢有效渗碳层深度为1.45 mm,渗碳层最高硬度为785 HV,心部硬度为420 HV,经渗氮处理后有效渗碳+渗氮层深度降为1.34 mm,渗氮层深度为0.22 mm,渗氮层最高硬度可达到948 HV,心部硬度为451 HV,较未渗氮试样硬度略有提高。渗碳+淬火+回火和添加渗氮处理后G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢的表面洛氏硬度相当,均在62~65 HRC 之间,但渗氮处理后试样的硬度波动性较大。添加140 h渗氮的渗碳+淬火+回火后G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢实现了“表面硬心部韧”的目标,渗氮层深度满足工程需要,但添加渗氮处理后G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢在渗碳层和渗氮层出现类网状碳化物,因此在渗氮过程中需要综合考虑渗氮层深度和微观组织,以获得良好的综合力学性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.