铅对甲状腺功能影响的研究

目的探讨铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响。方法选择暴露于铅环境下作业工人为对象 ,用原子吸收光谱法测定作业工人血铅(PbB)浓度、用血液锌原卟啉测定仪测定血锌原卟啉(ZPP)浓度 ,用放射免疫分析法检测血清中促甲状腺素(TSH)、碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)5项甲状腺功能指标。结果血铅高浓度组(3.38～4.83μmol/L)T482.88±14.86nmol/L、T31.72±0.42nmol/L、FT34.61±0.91pmol/L ,含量显著低于对照组 (T495.66±15.69nmol/L、T35.12±0.94nmol/L、FT35.12±0.94pmol/L,P<0.05)。结论高浓度血铅可能抑制了T4 的合成及脱碘     

铅作业工人甲状腺激素水平的研究

目的 探讨铅对作业工人甲状腺激素水平的影响.方法 选择138名铅作业工人及20名教师(对照组)为对象,原子吸收光谱法测定血铅 (PbB)浓度、血液锌原卟啉测定仪测定血锌原卟啉 (ZPP) 浓度,放射免疫分析法检测血清中促甲状腺素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT4) 3项甲状腺功能指标;按GBZ 37-2002<职业性慢性铅中毒诊断标准>分组.结果 接铅组PbB、ZPP含量显著高于对照组,差异均有高度显著性(P＜0.01);接铅组的FT3 (3.18±0.85)pmol/L、FT4 (13.89±4.16) pmol/L,低于对照组的FT3 (5.12±0.94 ) pmol/L(P＜0.01)、FT4 (15.48±2.73) pmol/L(P＜0.05).结论 铅对作业工人甲状腺功能有一定的损害作用,使其分泌甲状腺激素水平降低.     

δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶基因多态性对职业铅接触工人血铅和锌原卟啉的影响

[目的 ]研究δ 氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 (ALAD)基因多态性对职业铅接触工人血铅 (PbB)和锌原卟啉 (ZPP)的影响。 [方法 ]采集 170名上海市某蓄电池厂职业铅接触工人外周静脉血样 ,多聚酶链式反应 (PCR)和限制性内切酶 (MspⅠ )限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLP)方法进行ALAD基因分型分析 ,用PE 80 0型原子吸收分光光度计和ZPP 3 80 0型血液锌原卟啉测定仪分别测定PbB和ZPP含量 ,并分析其与基因型的关系。 [结果 ]①ALAD11纯合子基因型者有 15 4名 ,占90 5 9% ;ALAD12杂合子基因型者有 16名 ,占 9.41% ;未检出ALAD2 2纯合子基因型者 ;②ALAD1和ALAD2等位基因分布频率分别是 95 .2 9%和 4.71% ;③在同等外暴露条件下 ,ALAD12杂合子基因型组工人血铅水平 ( 1.0 4± 0 .48μmol/L)明显高于ALAD11纯合子基因型组工人血铅水平 ( 0 .78± 0 .3 4μmol/L) ,且差异有统计学意义 ;④ALAD12基因型工人锌原卟啉(ZPP)含量比ALAD11基因型者稍低 ,但差异没有统计学意义 ,前者为 ( 0 .42± 0 .2 4) μmol/L ,后者为 ( 0 .46± 0 .41) μmol/L。[结论 ]ALAD2等位基因频率与文献报道的亚洲人群的结果相近 ,符合Hardy Weinberg平衡 ,在同样职业铅暴露环境下 ,具有ALAD2等位基因的工人血铅水平增高 ,ALAD2等位基因可加重工人体内的铅     

δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶基因多态性与血铅和锌原卟啉的关系

目的　探讨δ 氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 (ALAD)基因多态性与血铅和锌原卟啉之间的关系。方法　采样分析 370名严重铅污染区儿童的血铅、锌原卟啉和ALAD基因型。结果　ALAD1 2 / 2 2 基因型的血铅水平 (2 6 2 1± 0 5 6 1) μmol/L高于ALAD1 1基因型 (2 36 0± 0 5 96 ) μmol/L ;而锌原卟啉水平也增高 ,前者 (13 0 7± 9 38) μmol/L ,后者 (9 90± 6 30 ) μmol/L。 结论　在同样的高铅暴露条件下 ,ALAD1 2 / 2 2 基因型可影响儿童体内铅负荷水平以及铅所致血液毒性效应     

常熟市小型蓄电池厂148名铅作业工人的血铅与血液锌原卟啉水平调查

目的 了解铅作业工人血铅和血液锌原卟啉水平.方法 采集常熟市2家小型蓄电池厂148名铅作业工人静脉血,用石墨原子吸收法测定血铅,用AVIV206D锌原卟啉仪测定红细胞锌原卟啉.结果 148名铅作业工人血铅检测水平为0.65 ～ 3.61 μmol/L,超标者102人,超标率为68.92％;红细胞锌原卟啉检测水平为0.54～ 19.7 μmol/L,超标者66人,超标率为44.59％.铅作业男工人血铅和红细胞锌原卟啉含量有相关性,女工无相关性.结论 该市小型蓄电池厂由于铅污染严重,作业工人血铅和血液锌原卟啉检超标情况严重,监督部门要督促企业改进生产工艺和定期进行职业健康监护.     

椒江区非铅作业工人血液锌原卟啉水平调查

目的:了解椒江区非铅作业工人血液锌原卟啉(ZPP)水平。方法:对本区9家企业287名非铅作业工人采集静脉血(EDTA-2K抗凝),采用表面荧光法测定ZPP,并进行统计分析。结果:287名工人ZPP均值为(0.346±0.135)μmol/L,男性209人,均值为(0.336±0.130)μmol/L,女性78人,均值为(0.371±0.147)μmol/L,不同性别间ZPP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄组ZPP水平比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),职业铅暴露者与非铅作业工人总体ZPP水平有非常显著差异(P<0.001)。结论:椒江区非铅作业工人ZPP均值处于较低水平。铅作业工人在职业健康检查中,发现ZPP升高,排除缺铁性贫血因素,较易判断铅暴露的危害程度。     

铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和锌原卟啉测定结果分析

目的比较铅作业工人和非铅作业工人血铅、尿铅浓度、红细胞锌原卟啉和血常规的差异,探讨铅作业工人红细胞锌原卟啉和血铅、尿铅浓度的相关性。方法以蓄电池企业的252名铅作业工人作为接铅组,电子厂205名非铅作业工人作为对照组,测定血铅、尿铅浓度、红细胞锌原卟啉和血常规,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果接铅组血红蛋白含量低于对照组(P0.05),白细胞和红细胞、血小板则无差异(P0.05),接铅组红细胞锌原卟啉、血铅、尿铅浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.01),尿铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关系数(r)=0.166,血铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关系数r=0.406。结论长期接触铅可导致血铅、尿铅浓度和红细胞锌原卟啉升高,血红蛋白降低,对白细胞、红细胞、血小板无明显影响,血铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关性较尿铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关性好。     

铅作业工人血锌原卟啉的测定

目的:观察铅作业工人红细胞锌原卟啉(ZPP)含量及其与血红蛋白(Hb)、血铅(Pb)的关系。方法:采用血液荧光仪、全自动血细胞分析仪、原子吸收分光光度计对371名铅作业工人进行红细胞锌原卟啉、血红蛋白及血铅测定,并进行统计学处理。结果:铅作业工人血锌原卟啉、血铅含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血红蛋白含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),男工人血锌原卟啉与血红蛋白、血铅均有相关性(P<0.01),相关系数(r)分别为0.309和0.314。结论:血锌原卟啉是铅作业工人健康检查的敏感指标,对职业性铅中毒的早期筛查有重要意义。     

惠州市2000名铅接触工人血铅和ZPP水平调查

目的:了解2013年惠州市铅接触工人血铅和血锌原卟啉(ZPP)水平。方法:采集惠州市4家中型蓄电池厂2000名铅接触工人静脉血,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定血铅,用ZPP-3800锌原卟啉仪测定ZPP。结果:2000名铅接触工人血铅水平为0.31~9.1μmol/L,210人超标,超标率为10.5%;ZPP水平为0.61~11.6μmol/L,190人超标,超标率为9.5%。铅接触工人血铅和ZPP含量有相关性。结论:该市铅接触工人血铅和ZPP检出率较高,监管部门应该督促企业改进生产工艺和对铅接触工人定期进行职业健康体检。     

小儿重症Graves甲亢131I联合治疗1例

患儿女,8岁,二年半前因出现怕热多汗、心慌气短、疲乏无力、食多易饥、大便次数增多(每日3次)、消瘦、手抖、易生气等症状6个月来我科就诊。检查见突眼(+),甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,质软,心率164次/min,血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)6.8nmol/L(正常值0.7￣2.3nmol/L)、甲状腺素(T4)323nmol/L(45￣130nmol/L)、游离T(3FT3)80pmol/L(3￣9pmol/L)、游离T(4FT4)77pmol/L(9￣25pmol/L),促甲状腺素(TSH)<0.1mU/L(0.3￣5.0mU/L),甲状腺球蛋白抗体及微粒体抗体阴性。诊断为Graves甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢),采用抗甲状腺药物治疗。给予他巴唑片10mg,1次/d,…     

Thyroid function as assessed by routine laboratory tests of workers with long-term lead exposure

Thyroid function was studied in 176 male workers occupationally exposed to lead. The mean blood lead concentration of the workers was 2.70 (SD 1.15, range 0.70-6.45) mumol/l. The mean duration of lead exposure was 7.6 (range 0.1-20) years. The total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin concentrations in serum were similar in the workers in the low and high blood lead categories. In regression equations the duration of lead exposure had a weak but significant negative association with T4 and FT4, and this association was particularly pronounced when the analyses were restricted to workers with the most intense lead exposure over time. Thus, the results suggest that thyroid function might be depressed as a result of intense long-term lead exposure.     

西安地区孕妇妊娠期甲状腺功能指标参考区间的研究

为建立西安地区孕妇妊娠早期(T1期)、中期(T2期)、晚期(T3期)甲状腺功能指标的参考区间。本研究采用横断面研究的方法,通过调查问卷共招募表观健康的620名孕妇,采用全自动化学发光分析仪检测血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺激素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)和游离甲状腺激素(FT4)水平,并且使用新一代TSH检测试剂(3rd IS),以探讨妊娠期特异性甲状腺功能指标的参考区间。结果显示,T1期、T2期和T3期TSH的参考区间分别是0.05-4.59 mIU/L、0.61-6.01 mIU/L、0.63-4.78 mIU/L;TT3是1.62-2.97 nmol/L、1.59-2.95 nmol/L、1.45-2.70 nmol/L;TT4是95.49-185.00 nmol/L、92.70-181.54 nmol/L、77.93-155.09 nmol/L;FT3是3.18-5.22 pmol/L、2.78-4.67 pmol/L、2.51-4.18 pmol/L;FT4是7.72-12.97 pmol/L、6.90-11.09 pmol/L、5.63-9.85 pmol/L。所有甲状腺功能指标在不同孕期之间差异均有统计学意义(TSH: H=30.879, P<0.01;FT3: H =153.827, P<0.01;FT4:H =229.967, P<0.01;TT3: H =36.484, P<0.01;TT4: H =58.531, P<0.01)。分别收集20例独立样本对妊娠3个期的TSH、FT3、FT4、TT3、TT4的参考区间进行验证,全部验证通过。     

膳食碘过量对大鼠脑中胆囊收缩素基因表达的影响

目的 观察过量碘膳食对成年大鼠脑中胆囊收缩素(CCK)基因表达的影响,探讨发生机制.方法 选用断乳1月龄的Wistar大鼠,按体重随机分为5组,每组30只,摄碘量分别为6.15(A组)、30.75(B组)、61.5(C组)、307.5(D组)、615 μg/d(E组),各组均饲以正常鼠料,饮用含不同碘浓度的水,饲养3、6个月后处死,用放射免疫分析方法测定血清甲状腺激素水平;取脑组织,采用RT-PCR方法检测脑组织CCK mRNA的表达.结果 3个月时,E组大鼠血清总甲状腺素T4(TT4)(45.2±13.7)nmol/L、总甲状腺素T3(TT3)(0.65±0.20)nmol/L、游离甲状腺素T3(FT3)(0.93±0.45)pmol/L、游离甲状腺素T4(FT4)(7.07±2.43)pmol/L、反三碘甲状腺原氨酸(rT3)(0.15±0.04)nmol/L均明显低于A组的TT4(76.0±18.8)nmol/L、TT3(1.34±0.41)nmol/L、FT3(2.45±0.62)pmol/L、FT4(15.12±3.40)pmol/L、rT3(0.24±0.04)nmol/L(F值分别为14.68、16.03、21.16、20.25、13.52,P＜0.01);C组、D组的FT3水平与A、B组比较降低(F=21.16,P＜0.05);D组的rT3水平与A、B、C组比较也有降低(F=13.52,P＜0.05).6个月时,E组TT4(51.84±15.83)nmol/L、TT3(0.77±0.22)nmol/L、FT3(0.74±0.28)pmol/L、FT4(6.88±2.23)pmol/L、rT3(0.14±0.03)nmol/L均低于其余各组(F值分别为6.05、12.22、11.25、13.42、5.89,P＜0.05).E组大鼠脑中CCK mRNA水平在3个月和6个月时与其余各组比较均降低(F值分别为4.04、3.95,P＜0.01).相关分析结果显示:3、6个月时血清FT4水平与CCK mRNA水平间存在着线性相关趋势(r值分别为0.990、0.948,P＜0.05).3个月、6个月时血清FT3水平与CCK mRNA水平间不存在线性相关关系(r值分别为0.970、0.932).结论 高于正常100倍的碘摄入会引起大鼠脑中CCK mRNA水平的降低;在此过程中,FT4水平的改变较FT3而言可能起着更重要的作用.     

Lead exposure and mental processes. Contribution to the discussion on dose-response relationships following short-term exposure

Effects of exposure to lead during 6-9 months are investigated in 33 workers. They are divided into groups of 21 exposed workers (greater than 2.88 mumol/l PbB) and 12 exposed workers (1.92-2.88 mumol/l PbB). 14 workers were tested as references. We observed significant differences of some sensomotor and mental function between exposed and nonexposed workers. Errors in choice-reaction are correlated with increased levels of the lead exposure (delta-ALA-U, PbB). It is remarkably having established differences between the groups investigated and the correlations already after a duration of exposure shorter than one year. After 18 months without exposure to lead in 11 workers we found tendencies of improving of the results in testing psychic functions.     

Autoantibodies to neurofilaments (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in workers exposed to lead

An expanded follow-up assessment of the autoantibody response to neuronal and astroglial autoantigens (NF68; NF160; NF200; MBP; GFAP) as early markers of neurotoxicity was performed in male workers exposed to lead (Pb) of a battery factory (n=50) and a matched reference group (R) of workers at a food packing plant (n=39). Mean age, years of exposure and blood lead (PbB ug/dl) (+/-SD) for lead and R, respectively, were: Age:39 +/- 6; 41 +/- 7; Yrs. Exposed: 14 +/- 6:0; PbB: 32 +/- 11: 16 +/- 5 percent with detectable titers to nervous system proteins in the Pb and R populations, respectively, were: Anti-NF68: 59; 17; Anti-NF160: 28; 15; Anti-NF200: 25; 0; Anti-GFAP: 90; 20; Anti-MBP: 16; 4. Autoantibodies to nervous system proteins predominated in workers occupationally exposed to Pb compared to R. Anti-NF68 and GFAP titers were the most frequently encountered. Anti-NF68 titers were significantly correlated with years of exposure (r = 0.538, p < 0.0001) and with PbB (r=0.325, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of detectable autoantibody types correlated with clinical scores of sensorimotor deficits (r = 0.459, p < 0.0001). This study suggests that autoantibodies provide a promising biomarker of neurotoxicity while providing information on subcellular targets. It also raises concerns of toxicant-induced autoimmune neuropathy.     

The effect of long-term low-dose lead exposure on thyroid function in adolescents

This study investigated blood lead (Pb-B) levels and Pb-B effects on thyroid functions in long-term low-level-lead-exposed male adolescents who work as auto repairers. Pb-B and ALAD index (logarithm of activated delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase/nonactivated delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) were measured as indicators of exposure to lead. Thyroid function tests including free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyrotrophin (TSH) were conducted and thyroid ultrasounds were performed in 42 lead-exposed adolescents and 55 healthy control subjects. Mean Pb-B levels and ALAD index were found significantly higher in the study group than in the normal control group (7.3+/-2.92 microg/dl vs. 2.08+/-1.24 microg/dl, P < 0.001 and 0.44+/-0.26 vs. 0.29+/-0.23, P < 0.05, respectively). FT4 levels were found significantly lower in the study group (1.02+/-0.18 mI/mL and 1.12+/-0.14 mIU/mL, P < 0.05). No subject in the control group had an abnormal FT4 level, but FT4 levels were found under normal limits in 11 subjects (26%) in the study group. FT3 and TSH levels in the study and control groups did not differ (P > 0.05). Thyroid volumes in the study and control groups did not exhibit any significant differences (P > 0.05). Pb-B was found to be negatively correlated to FT4 levels (r = -0.20, P = 0.044). This study revealed that long-term low-level lead exposure may lead to reduced FT4 level without significant changes in TSH and T3 levels in adolescents even at low Pb-B levels.     

Indicators of internal dose in current and past exposure to lead

Summary Chelatable lead (PbU-EDTA) is the best indicator of lead concentration at the critical organ level (indicator of dose). However, since this test is not easily applicable for the biological monitoring of lead-exposed subjects, the current practice is to determine lead in blood (PbB) and/or in urine (PbU). But these tests are indicators of exposure and not of dose. To analyze the reliability of PbB and PbU in estimating lead dose, the relationships between PbU-EDTA and PbB and between PbU-EDTA and PbU were studied in two groups of male lead workers: 48 currently exposed and 45 with past exposure to lead.In currently exposed workers the correlation between PbU-EDTA and PbB and between PbU-EDTA and PbU was very close (r = 0.85, r = 0.74, respectively); in past exposed workers the correlation with PbU-EDTA was decidedly lower for PbB (r = 0.54) and not significant for PbU (r = 0.29). In both cases the relationship between the variables was linear. In the previously exposed men, PbB displayed lower values than those found in currently exposed men.These results indicate that both PbB and PbU allow an indirect estimation to be made of the internal dose in currently exposed subjects, whereas the tests cannot be used for this purpose in subjects who have long since ceased to be exposed. In these cases chelatable lead must be determined.     

慢性铅接触者胸腺输出近期功能的研究

目的分析铅接触者外周血T细胞受体删除DNA环(TRECs)的含量,了解其初始T细胞含量和胸腺近期输出功能,从而研究其免疫功能的情况。方法采用实时定量PCR方法检测10例铅接触者外周血TRECs含量,与11例非铅接触者进行比较;采用双变量相关分析法和偏相关分析法分析铅接触组TRECs水平与年龄、工龄、血铅、尿铅、血锌原卟啉(ZPP)和尿δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸(δ-ALA)浓度的关系。结果10例铅接触者TRECs水平[(2.44±1.87)/1000]明显低于非铅接触者[(5.60±3.96) /1000];TRECs水平与尿δ-ALA浓度呈负相关,有统计学意义(r=-0.754,P<0.05),但控制血铅或尿铅因素后,TRECs水平与尿δ-ALA浓度则无相关性(P>0.05)。结论铅对胸腺输出功能可能造成一定程度的损伤,且TRECs与血铅和尿铅存在相关性,提示低水平的铅接触早已损伤人体的免疫功能。     

The effect of lead on thyroid function in children

Exposure to inorganic lead has been associated with impaired uptake of iodine by the thyroid as well as depressed estimated free thyroxine levels in occupationally exposed adults. Consideration of the serious consequences of impaired thyroid function in young children prompted investigation of the effects of lead on thyroid function in children. Blood lead determinations and thyroid function tests were performed on 68 children examined at a hospital outpatient pediatric clinic. Serum thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were within the normal range for all patients. No statistically significant relationship was found between lead levels and T4 or FT4 levels. We conclude that lead is unlikely to have a clinically significant effect on thyroid function in children exposed in inner cities at prevailing levels.     

广东某核电站工作人员职业健康检查结果分析

目的 分析广东省某第三代核电站运行后其放射工作人员的放射性损伤敏感指标的异常情况,为促进下一步放射工作人员的职业健康管理提供依据。方法 采用双向队列研究(2019—2021年),对暴露组（453人）及对照组（160人）职业健康检查的放射性损伤敏感指标进行对比分析。结果 2021年暴露组的FT3(5.57±0.56) pmol/L水平高于对照组（5.42±0.60） pmol/L,差异有统计学意义（t=0.59,P <0.05）。2019—2021年暴露组3年的血小板、血红蛋白、血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、超敏促甲状腺素（TSH）平均水平差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,其中FT3、FT4呈先升后降趋势,TSH呈下降趋势。结论 长期接触低剂量核电站电离辐射会对放射工作人员的血小板、血红蛋白、FT3、FT4、TSH检查结果有影响,其中对甲状腺功能的影响相对明显,并有甲状腺功能降低的发展趋势。