液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定鸡蛋中金刚烷胺、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺残留量

目的建立同时测定鸡蛋中金刚烷胺、氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考代谢物氟苯尼考胺残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)快速分析方法。方法鸡蛋样品用1.0%乙酸乙腈提取,提取后用PSA和C_(18)净化,氮吹后用流动相复溶,复溶液过滤膜后进行液相色谱-串联质谱测定。分析采用XBridge C_(18)色谱柱,以0.02%甲酸溶液和甲醇乙腈混合溶剂为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正负离子切换监测模式下进行监测,同位素内标法定量。结果3种化合物在一定浓度(氟苯尼考为0.10～20μg/L,金刚烷胺和氟苯尼考胺为0.5～100μg/L)范围内具有较好的线性关系,金刚烷胺、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)分别为0.3、0.06、0.3μg/kg,定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)分别为1.0、0.20、1.0μg/kg。当3种化合物在鸡蛋中的加标水平为LOQ、5LOQ和10LOQ时,平均回收率在94.9%～102%之间,相对标准偏差范围为1.2%～4.9%。结论方法简便、快速、准确,能满足鸡蛋中金刚烷胺和氟苯尼考残留量同时分析需要。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定禽蛋中氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考胺

建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定禽蛋中氟苯尼考(FF)和氟苯尼考胺(FFA)含量的方法。样品经2%氨水-乙酸乙酯提取,PRiME HLB固相萃取(SPE)柱净化。采用Hypersil GOLD C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1mm,1.9μm),以乙腈(B1)-0.1%甲酸水(A2)为流动相进行梯度洗脱。氟苯尼考和氘代氟苯尼考采用电喷雾负离子源,氟苯尼考胺采用电喷雾正离子源,多反应监测模式,以氘代氟苯尼考(氟苯尼考-d3)为氟苯尼考进行内标定量,氟苯尼考胺外标法定量。结果表明,氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺在0.2~10μg/L范围内均呈良好线性关系(r≥0.9978)。加标浓度分别为0.1,0.2和1μg/kg及0.5,1.0和5.0μg/kg,回收率分别在91.0%~100.9%和73.7%~84.3%之间,相对标准偏差均<3.52%(n=6)。氟苯尼考的检出限和定量限分别为0.05μg/kg和0.1μg/kg,氟苯尼考胺的检出限和定量限分别为0.25μg/kg和0.5μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,能有效并同时检测禽蛋中氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺含量。     

气相色谱质谱法检测鸡蛋中氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考胺

建立了气相色谱飞行时间质谱法同时检测鸡蛋中氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺的残留。样品经氨化乙酸乙酯提取,采用气相色谱飞行时间质谱法测定。试验结果表明:在2~100 ng/mL的范围内,线性良好,氟苯尼考R²=0.999,氟苯尼考胺R²=0.998;该方法两种物质的检出限为0.5μg/kg;在0.5、1.5、10.0μg/kg的3个水平,氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考胺的回收率在86.4%~119.4%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=3)为2.9%~7.1%,该方法简单、快速、高效,可用于鸡蛋中氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考胺的同时测定。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定液态奶中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考含量

建立超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定液态奶中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的检测方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,Oasis MCX小柱净化,用色谱柱WATERS ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(1.7um, 2.1mm*100mm)分离,同位素内标法定量。在优化条件下,该方法中氯霉素的最低检出限为0.05μg /kg,定量限为0.15μg /kg, 甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的最低检出限为0.1μg /kg,定量限为0.3μg /kg, 平均回收率为80.4~105.4%,相对标准偏差为2.8~8.4%。该方法灵敏度高、回收率好,具有良好的净化效果,提升检测效率,适用于液态奶中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的同时检测。     

动物源性食品中氟苯尼考残留水平和 分布情况分析

目的分析动物源性食品中氟苯尼考残留水平和分布规律。方法采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行残留量测定,并借助Excel2010和社会科学统计软件包18.0对测定结果进行分析。结果方法中,以乙腈-水为最佳流动相,以Welch Xtimate C_(18)为最佳色谱柱。不同品种样品中,氟苯尼考平均回收率为80.3%～95.3%,检出限为0.052～0.095μg/kg,定量限为0.150～0.313μg/kg。472批次样品中,氟苯尼考检出率为15.9%,残留量主要为0.1～1.0μg/kg,检出品种以各鲜肉、胗、大肠以及相应的腊制品和蛋类为主。新复极差分析显示,检出品种中鸡蛋残留量不同于其他品种。结论本研究对氟苯尼考残留水平和分布规律进行了分析,可为市民选择提供参考。     

通过式固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中氯霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺残留

目的 建立Captiva EMR-Lipid直通式固相萃取净化，超高效液相串联三重四级杆质谱检测鸡蛋内氯霉素类药物残留的技术。方法 样品用氨化乙腈提取，提取液经Captiva EMR-Lipid柱净化，通过电喷雾离子源，正负离子同时扫描的多反应监测模式进行检测，用内标法定量。结果 在线性范围0.03～6.0μg/L内，3种化合物相关系数（r）皆在0.995以上，检出限氟苯尼考胺（FFA）、氟苯尼考（FF）与氯霉素（CAP）分别是0.04、0.01与0.02μg/kg，定量限分别是0.12、0.03与0.06μg/kg，回收率范围在92.3%～109.6%之间，相对标准偏差（n=6）范围为1.4%～8.2%。结论 此法易于操作，可实现较高准确度，适用于测定鸡蛋内FFA、FF与CAP残留。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中氟苯尼考及其代谢物残留量

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中氟苯尼考及其代谢物残留量的分析方法。方法 样品经氨化乙酸乙酯提取,通过DPC-2固相萃取柱净化,采用Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱分离,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正/负离子切换,多反应监测模式检测,同位素内标法定量。结果 氟苯尼考在0.2～30 μg/L时具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.05 μg/kg,回收率为85.5%~116.3%,相对标准偏差小于10%。氟苯尼考胺在1～30 μg/L时具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.3 μg/kg,回收率为85.6%~113.5%,相对标准偏差小于10%。结论 该方法快速、准确、灵敏, 适用于蜂蜜中氟苯尼考及其代谢物残留量的测定。     

亲水作用色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定水产品中的氟苯尼考胺的残留量

建立亲水作用色谱-电喷雾串联质谱测定水产品中氟苯尼考胺残留量的测定方法。样品用碱性乙酸乙酯提取,以正己烷和脂肪吸附材料去除油脂,用5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.2%甲酸)和乙腈作为流动相,以梯度洗脱方式在Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC柱(55 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱上分离,以电喷雾离子源正离子模式进行质谱分析,基质外标法定量。结果表明,氟苯尼考胺的质量浓度在0.1~20μg/L范围内呈良好的线性,相关系数(r2)大于0.990。在1.0~50.0μg/kg加标水平下,虾、黄鱼、鳗鱼、烤鳗的平均回收率为70.5%~87.7%,相对标准偏差为4.8%~11.6%,定量限为1.0μg/kg。该方法简单、灵敏、稳定,可满足水产品中氟苯尼考胺残留量的检测和确证需要。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定猪肉中氯霉素、氟苯尼考和五氯酚的残留量

目的建立QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定猪肉中氯霉素、氟苯尼考和五氯酚的分析方法。方法以乙腈为提取溶剂,加入正己烷除脂,氮吹浓缩乙腈定容后经C_(18)填料萃取净化,在高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪上采用电喷雾负离子扫描模式(electron spray ionization,ESI-)测定,内标法定量。结果该方法在1.0～50.0μg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99,氯霉素和氟苯尼考的方法检出限为0.1μg/kg,五氯酚的方法检出限为0.06μg/kg。平均回收率在81.1%～115.8%范围,相对标准偏差在4.2%～11.8%范围。结论本方法操作简便,准确度和精密度好,可同时检测猪肉中氯霉素、氟苯尼考和五氯酚的残留量。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱法测定鸡肉、鸡蛋中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考药物残留量

目的建立高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱法测定鸡肉和鸡蛋中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考残留量的分析方法。方法准确称取5 g样品,添加同位素内标氯霉素-d5后,乙腈提取,LC-Si硅胶小柱净化,正己烷进一步除脂,0.22μm滤膜过滤后高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱测定。采用负离子电喷雾电离源,多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式。结果氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考在0.5~200μg/L的系列浓度范围内线性良好,其线性方程分别为Y=0.880X-0.215,Y=0.032X-0.076和Y=0.108X-0.115,相关系数r~2均大于0.990;方法的检测限和定量限分别是0.05μg/kg和0.1μg/kg;在加标水平在0.1~5.0μg/kg的范围内,鸡肉基质中平均回收率在87.01%~117.8%之间,鸡蛋基质中平均回收率在80.74%~115.0%之间;方法的日内精密度相对标准偏差在4.02%~9.88%之间,日间精密度相对标准偏差在5.72%~12.78%之间。结论该方法简单易行,回收率好,灵敏度高,特异性好,能满足目前大多数日常检测和监督的需要。     

氟苯尼考及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺在肉鸡中残留消除规律

目的 评估氟苯尼考及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺在不同品种肉鸡中的残留消除规律。方法 选用AA肉鸡、WOD168肉鸡、雪山鸡和狼山鸡为试验对象, 于出栏前3周开始按氟苯尼考25 mg/kg体重饮水给药, 连用5 d, 于停药后1、3、5、7、10、14 d采集肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、皮脂, 检测其中的氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺残留量, 并利用WT1.4软件计算休药期。结果 氟苯尼考及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺可迅速残留于肉鸡肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和皮脂中, 残留物以氟苯尼考为主。停药后第1 d残留量达到峰值, 肾脏组织中的残留量最大; 停药后第3 d, 各组织中氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺的残留量进入快速消除期, 均低于最大残留限量值; 停药后第14 d已基本消除完全。利用WT1.4软件计算出AA肉鸡、WOD168肉鸡、雪山鸡和狼山鸡休药期分别至少为3.22、3.85、4.49和4.32 d。结论 氟苯尼考在慢速型肉鸡体内的休药期要长于快速型肉鸡, 但都小于5 d。     

Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol,florfenicol and florfenicol amine in ham sausage with a hybrid chemiluminescent immunoassay

A novel chemiluminescent immunoassay utilising two types of primary antibodies (murine monoclonal antibody and rabbit polyclonal antibody) and two types of horseradish peroxidase–labelled secondary antibodies was established for simultaneously detecting multiple amphenicol residues in ham sausage. After combining the extract procedure of the target amphenicol into one simplified method, this hybrid chemiluminescent immunoassay could screen chloramphenicol (CAP), florfenicol (FF) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) at the same time by adding the corresponding secondary antibody. Ham sausage samples were analysed by using this hybrid immunoassay, with LODs of CAP being 0.01 μg kg^?1, of FF being 2.8 μg kg^?1 and of FFA being 3.0 μg kg^?1. The applicability of the proposed method has been validated by determining CAP, FF and FFA in ham sausage samples with satisfactory results. Good recoveries and high correlation with traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and LC-MS/MS results illustrated that the developed hybrid chemiluminescent immunoassay could screen high-throughput ultra-trace amphenicol residues effectively at one time.     

A reliable,simple and cost-efficient TLC-HPLC method for simultaneously determining florfenicol and florfenicol amine in porcine urine: application to residue surveillance

ABSTRACT

Violative residues of florfenicol (FF) in porcine edible tissues pose a potential risk for human health. In this study, urine was selected as target matrix for routine residue monitoring of FF in pig, and a thin layer chromatography (TLC)-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneously determining FF and florfenicol amine (FFA) in porcine urine. The urine samples were extracted with ethyl acetate under alkaline environment. The extracts were enriched through evaporation, purified by TLC and analysed by HPLC at 225 nm. A Waters Symmetry C₁₈ column was used for the separation of the two analytes. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-phosphate buffer mixtures (33.3: 66.7, v/v), and was pumped at 0.6 mL/min. The TLC-HPLC method was well validated and successfully applied to residue depletion study. Good analytical specificity was confirmed by the lack of interfering peaks at the retention times of FF and FFA. The standard curves showed good linearity (FF: y = 143064x – 1045.3, r= 0.9999; FFA: y = 275826x + 1888.8, r= 0.9999) over the range of 0.0625–8 μg/mL. The precision ranged from 0.83% to 11.66% and 2.19% to 8.75% for intraday and interday determination, respectively. The corresponding accuracy ranged from ?13.38% to 10.78% and ?12.15% to 7.14%, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for FF and FFA were 0.125 μg/mL. The residue depletion study showed that the concentrations of FF and FFA in urine were higher than those in edible tissues at three time points. This method was reliable, simple and cost efficient, and could be used to monitor FF residues in porcine edible tissue without slaughtering animals. TLC showed excellent purification efficiency and is expected to solve matrix interferences in veterinary drug residue analysis.     

LC-MS/MS-based determination of chloramphenicol,thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in poultry meat from the Punjab-Pakistan

A simple, reliable and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based confirmatory method was redeveloped and validated for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in chicken muscles. The analytes were extracted from minced chicken muscle with acetonitrile and ammoniated water mixture. A second extraction with ethyl acetate was followed by evaporation and dissolution of the residue in ammoniated methanol before defatting with n-hexane. Finally, the extract was further cleaned up by dispersive solid phase extraction using C-18 end-capped dispersive material. The validation protocol was adapted from the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and all the performance characteristics were successfully satisfied. The recoveries of all the analytes were found to be in the range of 86.4–108.1% and the precision values, within day and between days, ranged from 2.7% to 11% and 4.4% to 16.3%, respectively. The method was tested in various incurred samples and applied to analyse a wide range of random poultry market samples (n = 120) collected from three cities of the Punjab, Pakistan. Chloramphenicol and florfenicol residues were detected at low levels in less than 11% of the samples. Chloramphenicol was detected only in 4 samples with the concentration range of 0.17–0.477 µg kg^–1, whereas the levels of florfenicol/florfenicol amine residues detected in 9 samples ranged from 8.7 to 32.8 µg kg^–1. Moreover, most of the florfenicol residues were identified as tissue bound, extractable only after strong acid hydrolysis.     

池塘养殖模式下氟苯尼考及其代谢产物在斑点叉尾鮰体内的药代动力学

目的在实际大池塘养殖模式下,研究氟苯尼考(florfenicol,FF)及其代谢产物在斑点叉尾鮰(Letaurus以下简称鮰)体内药代动力学。方法选择4口标准化池塘(2300 m~2/口),养殖密度按每666.67 m~2投放鱼苗1000尾投放,设3个实验组和1个对照组。实验组分别以1.25、2.50、5.00 g/kg 3个剂量水平在鮰饲料中添加FF,每天投喂饲料4 kg(一次投入),对照组投喂不含FF的等量饲料。连续投喂5 d后,分别于首次投药后的第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、11、14、30、60、90和170 d采集鮰肌肉、肝脏及血液,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS)检测FF及氟苯尼考胺(florfenicol amine,FFA)含量,采用PKSolver药动学药效学数据处理软件V2.0的药动学房室模型拟合方法分析药时数据。结果 FF在鮰血液中的药代动力学特征符合一级吸收一室模型,而在肝脏及肌肉中均符合一级吸收二室模型,FFA在不同组织中均符合一级吸收二室模型。结论 FF在鮰体内主要以原型的方式代谢消除,分布广泛且FF消除速率远高于FFA,肝脏可作为残留分析的靶组织。     

鸭蛋中的氟苯尼考药物残留的检测及调查研究

目的对氟苯尼考(florfenicol, FFC)在鸭蛋中的残留情况做初步的调查研究。方法针对浙江南部、福建北部、广东南部、湖北中部、江西东部、河南东部的六大区域的鸭蛋采用GB/T 22338-2008《动物源性食品中氯霉素类药物残留量测定》规定的方法进行氟苯尼考的药残检测。结果标准曲线相关系数为:r=0.9996,方法准确。以该方法测定每个地区6组鸭蛋样品,6组咸鸭蛋样品,共计12组样品,其中以河南东部出产的鸭蛋为原料制成的咸鸭蛋检出氟苯尼考残留量为:1.44μg/kg,其余样品未检出。结论氟苯尼考在鸭蛋中会造成一定程度的残留,仍需通过严格的养殖现场管理控制用药,并且通过鸭蛋的定期抽检来监测指标的变化。