基于角色访问控制管理模型研究

基于角色访问控制技术是保证信息和系统安全的最有效的技术,将角色与权限对应起来,用户根据他的责任和资格被赋予适当的角色而获得相应的权限。模型中角色的分布式管理是一个十分复杂的问题。为了使RBAC模型的管理更加方便,灵活,可以用RBAC来管理模型本身。ARBAC97、ARBAC02、CL03是近年来提出的RBAC管理模型。本文重点对这三个模型进行了介绍,通过比较,指出了ARBAC97中存在的不足及ARBAC02、CL03所做的改进。在分析各个模型过程中,给出了自己的理解。     

一种基于层次命名空间的RBAC管理模型

访问控制是一种重要的信息安全机制.基于角色访问控制(RBAC)提供了一种策略中立、具有强扩展性的框架,使访问控制机制具备了相当的灵活性.RBAC96和ARBAC97模型是基于角色访问控制的经典模型,其中ARBAC97定义了一系列的角色管理模型,实现了在RBAC模型基础上的分布式管理.但对于由多个自治的分支机构组成的大规模组织,ARBAC97模型存在授权关系复杂、允许越级操作以及角色名称必须全局惟一等不足.为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于层次命名空间的RBAC模型——N-RBAC,使用命名空间来组织角色和资源,各命名空间之间的资源相互不可见.命名空间结构提供了良好的分布式RBAC管理能力,简化了角色继承结构的复杂性,并对局部自治的RBAC管理提供有力支持.     

基于角色的访问控制模型分析与实现

基于角色的访问控制RBAC是一项新的访问控制技术。介绍了RBAC的基本特征,对它的规则模型RBAC96与管理模型ARBAC97进行了重点描述,最后,从应用的角度,介绍了RBAC的多种实现层次以及各层次实现时的特点。     

一种基于角色的多层次角色管理模型

基于角色的访问控制（RBAC）是一种目前被广泛接受和应用的访问控制模型,利用角色管理角色是一种很好的尝试,其代表模型为ARBAC97。但是,ARBAC97的基本模型无法满足复杂、多层次的实际应用。对此,本文提出了一种基于角色的多层次角色管理模型（MARBAC）,并给出了该模型的详细定义和实现说明。在多层框架下,无法满足封闭性的角色范围可以被划分到多个层次,使得在各个层次中封闭性必须得到满足。该模型可以实现复杂、多层次的应用需求。     

HARBAC:基于分级管理思想的RBAC层级管理模型

ARBAC97模型、ARBAC02模型和Crampton-Loizou模型是重要的RBAC管理模型,然而,这三个模型存在着一些必须被改进的问题.作者提出管理权域的概念,基于它提出RBAC层次管理模型(HARBAC,the hierarchical administration model for RBAC),并将HARBAC模型与前面三个模型进行对比,新模型具有显著的管理优势.     

基于资源的RBAC模型的研究与分析

基于角色的访问控制是目前应用得较为广泛的一种访问控制技术,在基于角色的访问控制策略中,最关键的技术就是角色的定义和用户的授权;对于角色的定义,在实际应用中,一般根据企业中已有的工作职能来进行;对于用户的授权,以ARBAC97模型为基础,提出了基于资源的RBAC模型——RRBAC,将企业机构资源和系统菜单资源分层次赋给角色,以简化角色的授权管理;经分析,该模型有利于角色的划分,实现了更细粒度的访问控制,优化了基于角色的访问控制。     

基于角色的访问控制模型分析与系统实现

介绍了三种访问控制机制：自主访问控制（DAC）、强制访问控制（MAC）和基于角色的访问控制（RBAC）,并着重分析了RBAC的三种模型：RBAC96,EHRABC和ARBAC97。最后,给出了一个RBAC的实现模型。     

基于角色的访问控制模型的分析与应用

本文介绍了三种访问控制机制:自主访问控制(DAC)、强制访问控制(MAC)和基于角色的访问控制(RBAC),并着重分析了RBAC的三种模型:RBAC96、EHRABC和ARBAC97.最后,介绍了RBAC技术的应用,并给出了一个RBAC的实现模型.     

一种层次式的ARBAC模型

对流行的ARBAC97模型进行改进，提出了分布处理、逐级控制的RBAC管理框架构建思想，管理框架通过逐级授权、分布定义的方式形成，而且该模型支持系统运行中管理框架的动态维护。     

知识管理系统中的角色-角色授权的实现研究

在知识管理系统中,特别是文档管理系统中,为方便指派管理,多采用把用户分为用户组的方式进行用户-角色指派和权限组进行权限-角色指派,但其中的用户组和权限组在RBAC中无对应概念.ARBAC模型包含3个子模型.其中的RRA可实现对用户和权限的分组管理.为了与RBAC统一,可采用RRA实现对用户和权限的分组管理.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).