全球石炭系维宪阶有孔虫生物地层研究现状

石炭纪维宪期有孔虫演化快、分布广、数量丰富、分异度高。在浅水相地层,传统上依据大化石进行地层划分对比,但精度较低,而牙形石又不发育,所以,对于浅水相地层划分对比有孔虫具有特别重要的意义。全球维宪阶底界就是以有孔虫Eoparastaffella simplex的首现定义的。文中对全球典型地区维宪阶有孔虫生物地层划分进行全面的介绍。维宪阶在命名地--比利时划分为7个有孔虫带;在俄罗斯划分为4个有孔虫带(含3个亚带);在北美划分为8个有孔虫带;在捷克划分为5个有孔虫带。中国维宪阶已有一定的有孔虫研究基础,但尚未建立完善的有孔虫生物地层序列,有待在地层发育良好的华南地区建立起中国标准的维宪阶有孔虫带序列。文中对比全球典型地区维宪阶有孔虫带,归纳总结了重要属种的演化次序,为有孔虫生物地层的精确对比提供重要依据。维宪阶有孔虫一些重要属种的首现位置及有孔虫与牙形石生物地层的对比关系等都尚待深入研究。     

全球维宪阶与谢尔普霍夫阶界线层的生物地层研究进展及展望

牙形刺、有孔虫和菊石是全球维宪阶与谢尔普霍夫阶界线层生物地层研究的重要化石门类。该界线定义及其候选层型剖面目前均未正式确立。详细介绍并讨论以牙形刺或有孔虫作为界线定义的可能方案 ,指出潜在的候选层型剖面存在于南乌拉尔的 Verkhnyaya Kardailovka、北美犹太州中西部的 Chainm an组等 ,我国具有潜在研究价值的剖面有广西忻城里苗剖面、贵州水城滥坝老街水库剖面和罗甸纳水剖面     

贵州罗甸纳饶剖面石炭系维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶界线附近的有孔虫

贵州罗甸纳庆剖面是竞争谢尔普霍夫阶底界全球界线层型剖面和点位的最有力候选剖面之一.纳饶剖面紧邻纳庆剖面,是其辅助剖面.纳饶剖面维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶(Viséan-Serpukhovian)界线层段的牙形刺生物地层已经初步建立,可与纳庆剖面直接对比.纳饶剖面V/S界线位于41.8 m处,是以牙形刺演化谱系L.nodosa...     

贵州罗甸罗悃维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶界线层的牙形刺生物地层

石炭系维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶全球界线层型尚未确立。由于石炭纪冰期效应显著,海平面升降频繁,造成沉积环境发生剧烈变化,给该界线的划分和对比带来了一定困难。罗悃剖面位于贵州省罗甸县西南,出露维宪阶上部至莫斯科阶上部的一套上斜坡相深水碳酸盐岩沉积,受水深影响较小,同时产丰富的牙形刺及有孔虫,可以较好地进行深、浅水相区的对比。本文通过对该剖面维宪阶—谢尔普霍夫阶界线层较为详细的采样分析,共发现牙形刺8属32种(含9亚种和1未定种),自下而上识别出两个牙形刺带,即Lochriea nodosa和L.ziegleri带,将谢尔普霍夫阶底界置于L.ziegleri的首现面,即罗悃剖面4.65m处;同时与同属华南的纳庆剖面以及全球其他地区重要剖面的牙形刺带或菊石带进行了对比。     

甘肃靖远石炭系纳缪尔阶高分辨率生物地层研究

依据对甘肃靖远纳缪尔阶的定量地层研究 ,介绍了图形对比法的基本原理和操作过程 ,建立了靖远石炭系纳缪尔阶生物地层复合标准 ,确定了剖面间的精确对比关系 ,提出了榆树梁剖面是该区发育最为齐全的剖面。榆树梁东沟剖面纳缪尔期地层与榆树梁剖面同期沉积相比 ,缺失了约 30 m厚的地层 ,大水沟剖面靖远组仅相当于榆树梁剖面靖远组中部。     

桂西北天峨地区下石炭统有孔虫带及地层划分

桂西北天峨地区孤立碳酸盐台地，上泥盆统顶部至上石炭统下部有孔虫十分发育，可划分15个有孔虫生物组合带，它们是地层划分对比的重要依据。以有孔虫Eoendothyra与Quasiendothyra的灭绝，Bisphaera的大量出现划分泥盆系/石炭系，以Eoparastaffella的出现作为维宪阶的底界，以Globivalvulina或Pseudostaffella的出现作为上，下石炭统的划分标志，生物分带明显，与岩石地层分界吻合或基本一致，是较理想的地层分界。     

石炭纪杜内阶-维宪阶界线定义介绍

简要介绍了杜内阶 -维宪阶界线定义的历史和现状 ,包括舍费尔德会议原始定义 ,牙形石 Guathodus texa-nus带底界定义 ,有孔虫 Eoparastaffella形态演化定义。2 0 0 1年 9月在美国圣路易斯举行的国际石炭纪地层委员会现场会议期间 ,非正式通过了石炭纪杜内阶 -维宪阶界线新定义 ,即“有孔虫 Eoparastaffella ovalis类群— E. sim-plex谱系中 Eoparastaffella simplex的首次出现”     

石炭纪有孔虫Globivalvulina moderata的生物地层意义

石炭系巴什基尔阶底界的全球界线层型剖面和点位(俗称“金钉子”)于1996年被确立在美国内华达州的Arrow Canyon剖面, 是以牙形刺Declinognathodus noduliferus的首现为标志。该金钉子确立后, 发现存在一些问题,如D. noduliferus的演化谱系存在争议, 作为浅水相对比标志的有孔虫需要进一步研究, 特别是在层型剖面的D.noduliferus首现层位之上约2.5 m出现的有孔虫Globivalvulina moderata能否作为石炭系中间界线的辅助生物标志?另外, Arrow Canyon剖面还存在沉积间断。本文通过研究华南安徽凤凰山剖面和贵州店子上剖面的双列虫和球瓣虫化石材料, 梳理了有孔虫Biseriella parva、Globivalvulina moderata和Globivalvulina bulloides的分类学定义, 并尝试探讨了Globivalvulina moderata的生物地层学意义。结果表明在密西西比亚纪晚期, G. moderata在古特提斯地区和北美的极地地区就已经出现, 之后在宾夕法尼亚亚纪早期该种出现在北美其...     

广西柳州地区石炭系一个新的岩石地层单位——北岸组

在1∶5万地质测量中,广西柳州地区石炭系鹿寨组与“寺门组”之间的地层曾被称为“黄金组”,但其与典型地区的黄金组在岩性、岩相、古地理位置等方面均存在显著差异。根据新的研究与前人的资料综合分析,将柳州地区所谓的“黄金组”命名为一个新的组——北岸组。该组主要分布于广西中北部柳州市、柳江县、鹿寨县、柳城县、环江县等地,在古地理上位于黔南-桂中台槽的北缘。该组岩性以灰—深灰色薄—厚层生物碎屑粉晶灰岩、含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩为主,夹硅质岩、泥岩和砂岩,可划分为3个沉积旋回,属斜坡-盆地相沉积。下伏鹿寨组,上覆新圩组,均为整合接触。时代为石炭纪维宪期晚期—谢尔普霍夫期。     

黔南惠水下石炭统上司组礁滩灰岩微相

黔南惠水雅水剖面下石炭统上司组底部含有厚度约7m的生物沉积和建造灰岩,为上下生屑滩夹含5m厚的珊瑚格架礁,微相类型丰富,可划分出4种类型:1泥粒状灰岩;2粒泥状灰岩;3珊瑚障积岩;4层孔虫盖覆岩。在生屑滩沉积生物碎屑泥粒状灰岩中,珊瑚、腕足类、钙藻、介形类、海百合茎等破碎程度高,分选性低,为较强水动力条件远距离或频繁搬运后快速沉积的产物,此时不适宜大型珊瑚原地生长保存,仅见少量而单调的单体四射珊瑚和复体四射珊瑚。珊瑚格架礁以生物碎屑粒泥状灰岩、珊瑚障积岩为主,发育少量层孔虫盖覆岩和藻类粘结作用。腕足类、钙藻、有孔虫、海百合茎、介形类、腹足类较为丰富,苔藓虫以及层孔虫的丰度未达到支撑程度,昭示珊瑚格架礁生长期的水动力条件减弱,为单体四射珊瑚、笛管珊瑚(Syringopora)和丛管珊瑚(Siphonodendron)为主体的珊瑚群落形成原地礁灰岩创造了条件。     

中国石炭纪三叶虫生物地层

详细介绍了我国石炭纪三叶虫属的地层分布情况 ,首次提出了我国石炭纪 9个三叶虫组合带及其与其他门类化石带的对比关系 ,并扼要地介绍了我国石炭纪 4种不同相区的三叶虫生态群落 ,对深入研究石炭系及建立全球石炭纪年代地层系统具有重要意义     

Mississippian foraminifers from the Onimaru Formation in the Hikoroichi area, South Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan

Abundant foraminifers were found from the Mississippian Onimaru Formation distributed in the Hikoroichi area of the central part of the South Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan. They include Brunsia pulchra, Archaediscus sp., Paraarchaediscus? sp., Neoarchaediscus? sp., Palaeotextularia spp., Climacammina, spp., Tetrataxis spp., Haplophragmella sp., Lituotubella? sp., Forschiella sp., Cribrospira sp., Bradyina spp., Janischewskina sp., Endothyra spp., Planoendothyra aljutovica., Endothyranopsis compressa, E. crassa, Omphalotis samarica, Eo-staffella spp., Mediocris breviscula, and several others. The Onimaru foraminiferal fauna is similar to those re-ported from MFZ (Mamet Foraminiferal Zone) 15-16. This supports a late Visean (V3b-V3c) age of the formation, which has been proposed previously by rugose corals.     

Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Carboniferous System in South China

The Carboniferous System of South China is famous for its well-developed rock sequence, variety of depositional types, and abundant fossils. Three established Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) markers have been identified in several sections in South China. Of these sections, the Pengchong section is the GSSP for the base of the Visean Stage, whereas the Dapoushang and Naqing (Nashui) sections are excellent reference sections for the bases of the Tournaisian and Bashkirian stages, respectively. Other sections have good potential for the four unestablished GSSPs and the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in South China. The Naqing (Nashui) section is a candidate for the GSSPs of four stages: the Serpukhovian, Moscovian, Kasimovian, and Gzhelian stages. The regional stages of China include the Tangbagouan, Jiusian, Shangsian, Dewuan, Luosuan, Huashibanian, Dalaun, and Xiaodushanian. The history, definitions, reference sections, sedimentary characteristics, biostratigraphy, and correlations of these Chinese regional stages are summarized. A Carboniferous stratigraphic chart of South China is provided, showing the correlation of global chronostratigraphic and biostratigraphic units with those in South China and the lithostratigraphic units of various areas in South China. The chart is presented as a new practical framework for the stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Carboniferous System in South China.     

石炭纪维宪阶全球界线层型剖面和点位补遗

经国际地质科学联合会批准,我国广西柳州北岸乡碰冲剖面为石炭纪维宪阶全球界线层型剖面和点位.层型剖面位于柳州市东北15 km之碰冲村南小溪(24°26'N,109°27'E).层型点位在剖面83层之底,与底栖有孔虫"E.ovalis种群"至Eoparastaffella simplex谱系中Eoparastaffella simplex的首次出现吻合.辅助标志是点位之上近5m处,牙形石Gnathodus homopunctatus首现,其下约30 m为Scaliognathus anchoralis europensis的最高出现.本文补充介绍了层型点位的岩石特征和区域上的对比.     

Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Sequence Stratigraphy of South China

SequencestratigraphyhashopaidmoreattentionforitSrelativelycompletetheoreticalsyStemandgreatsuchesinpracticesinceitwasadvancedinthe197ds.Integratingonthedataofbiostratiglaphy,lithostratigraphy,seismicstfstigraphy,geochendstryandsedirnentology,sequencestratigraphyattemptStoestablishachronostratigraphicframeworkandcormectsdepositionalsequencewithglobalsealevelchange,andhencemakeSitpossibletOpreciselycorrelatethestrataindifferentfactesareasoveraconsiderabledistance,evenovertheworld.TheUpperDevon…     

An Early Carboniferous Flora of the Huadu Locality from South China: Its Taxonomic Composition,Paleophytogeographical Position and Paleoecological Interpretation

The Huadu flora of Guangdong Province, South China contains the lepidodendrid Lepidodendron shanyangense Wu et He, its putative rhizophore Stigmaria cf. ficoides （Brongniart） Sternberg; sphenophyte s.l. Archaeocalamites scrobiculatus （Brongniart） Stur; bowmanitid Sphenophyllum tenerrimum （Ettingshausen） Stur; pteridophyll Sphenopteris sp. of uncertain taxonomic position; undetermined ferns gen. et sp. nov.; lyginopterid pteridosperm Rhodeopteridium hsianghsiangense （Sze） Zhang, Zhao et Wu, a trigonocarpoid pteridosperm represented by fronds and isolated pinnules of Paripteris gigantea （Sternberg） Gothan, male fructifications of Potoniea sp., and seeds of Trigonocarpus sp. Ecologically, the Early Carboniferous （Visean） Huadu vegetation was divided into two neighboring communities： （1） a near-shore hydrophilous ＂community A＂ with predominating Archaeocalamites and Rhodeopteridium; and （2） a wet forest ＂community B＂ with predominating shrubby trigonocarpalean pteridosperm Paripteris gigantea （Sternberg） Gothan and tall tree-like lepidodendrid Lepidodendron shanyangense Wu et He. The Huadu vegetation was physiognomically similar to present-day low-latitude mangrove forest.     

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the Lower-Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province,China

The demarcation of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research.Lower-Middle Triassic strata of different types,from platform to basin facies, are well developed in Southwest China.This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian-Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage.Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city,Guizhou province,six conodont zones have been recognized,which ca...     

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the Lower–Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province, China

The demarcation of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research. Lower–Middle Triassic strata of different types, from platform to basin facies, are well developed in Southwest China. This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian–Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage. Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city, Guizhou province, six conodont zones have been recognized, which can be correlated with those in other regions, in ascending order as follows: 1, Neospathodus cristagalli Interval-Zone; 2, Neospathodus pakistanensis Interval-Zone; 3, Neospathodus waageni Interval-Zone; 4, Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Assemblage-Zone; 5, Chiosella timorensis Interval-Zone; and 6, Neogongdolella regalis Range-Zone. An evolutionary series of the Early–Middle Triassic conodont genera Neospathodus-Chiosella-Neogongdolella discovered in the Ganheqiao and Qingyan sections has an intermediate type named Neospathodus qingyanensis that appears between Neospathodus homeri and Chiosella timorensis in the upper part of the Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Zone, showing an excellent evolutionary relationship of conodonts near the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. The Lower–Middle Triassic boundary is located at 1.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Qingyan section, whereas this boundary is located 0.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Ganheqiao section. There exists one nearly 6-m thick vitric tuff bed at the bottom of the Xinyuan Formation in the Ganheqiao section, which is usually regarded as a lithologic symbol of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary in South China. Based on the analysis of high-precision and high-sensitivity Secondary Ion Mass Spectrum data, the zircon age of this tuff has a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 239.0±2.9Ma (2s), which is a directly measured zircon U-Pb age of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. The Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county can therefore provide an excellent section through the Lower–Middle Triassic because it is continuous, the evolution of the conodonts is distinctive and the regionally stable distributed vitric tuff near the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary can be regarded as a regional key isochronal layer. This section can be regarded not only as a standard section for the establishment of the Qingyan Stage in China, but also as a reference section for the GSSP of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary.