不同波长的散射介质后向散射光偏振度特性

基于Stockes矢量,通过测量以线偏振光和圆偏振光入射时脂肪乳剂后向散射光的偏振度,研究了532 nm、650 nm和780 nm三个波长的光与散射粒子粒径为325 nm的脂肪乳剂溶液作用后,其后向散射光的偏振度特性.研究结果表明,对于入射线偏振光,780 nm波长后向散射光中的线偏振光成分多于圆偏振光成分,而532 nm波长则相反;对于入射圆偏振光,三个波长后向散射光中的圆偏振光成分均多于线偏振光成分;532 nm波长的总偏振度高于650 nm和780 nm两个波长各自的总偏振度;线偏振光的保偏性优于圆偏振光的保偏性,但偏振光在散射介质中的穿透深度较小.因此,后向散射成像技术适用于物体表层成像,而且选择波长略大于粒径的线偏振光可以提高成像质量.     

不同波长的散射介质后向散射光偏振度特性

基于Stockes矢量,通过测量以线偏振光和圆偏振光入射时脂肪乳剂后向散射光的偏振度,研究了532nm、650nm和780nm三个波长的光与散射粒子粒径为325nm的脂肪乳剂溶液作用后,其后向散射光的偏振度特性.研究结果表明,对于入射线偏振光,780nm波长后向散射光中的线偏振光成分多于圆偏振光成分,而532nm波长则相反;对于入射圆偏振光,三个波长后向散射光中的圆偏振光成分均多于线偏振光成分;532nm波长的总偏振度高于650nm和780nm两个波长各自的总偏振度;线偏振光的保偏性优于圆偏振光的保偏性,但偏振光在散射介质中的穿透深度较小.因此,后向散射成像技术适用于物体表层成像,而且选择波长略大于粒径的线偏振光可以提高成像质量.     

光在可变厚度介质中后向散射传输的偏振特性分析

针对不同浓度下介质厚度改变对后向散射光偏振特性影响的问题,以典型蒙特卡罗偏振模型为基础,提出了一种基于后向散射的可变介质厚度蒙特卡罗偏振模型。根据本文提出的模型开展了仿真实验,得到了不同浓度下介质厚度与后向散射偏振特性的影响关系。仿真结果表明,介质厚度在不同浓度下均对后向散射光的偏振度有着直接影响;在低浓度的情况下,介质厚度增加主要起消偏作用,浓度达到一定阈值后,介质厚度增加起起偏作用;在低浓度的情况下,线偏振光的后向散射光偏振保持特性优于圆偏振光,浓度达到一定阈值后,圆偏振光的后向散射光偏振保持特性优于线偏振光;在浓度极高的情况下,线偏振光与圆偏振光的保持特性趋于一致。     

油雾扩散过程中浓度对偏振激光传输特性的影响

针对大气环境中粒子浓度对激光传输过程的影响问题,以油雾粒子为研究对象,利用油雾粒子在扩散过程中产生的非均匀环境,进行了偏振激光传输的半实物仿真实验。实验采用532 nm激光器,分别研究了水平线偏振光、45°线偏振光以及左旋圆偏振光在油雾扩散过程中偏振态的变化情况。利用粒度仪对扩散环境进行了量化标定。实验结果表明:在油雾扩散过程中,浓度越高,偏振度变化的随机性越大,圆偏振光的保偏性优于线偏振光。在相同浓度下,0°线偏振光对偏振态的保持性要优于45°线偏振光。在浓度极高的情况下,体积浓度为2 mg/L及其以上时,线偏振光与圆偏振光的保持性趋向一致。     

非常密集随机分布球粒子相关散射的数值模拟

讨论非常密集(占空比>0.4)随机分布球粒子的散射.用Monte Carlo方法和随机搅拌产生非常密集随机分布粒子,求解电场体积分方程的解,获得散射、吸收和消光系数及有效介电常数.与现有的准晶体近似、具有相干势的准晶体近似和Maxwell-Garnett混合方程等几种方法作了比较.非常密集随机分布粒子表现出群聚性产生的大粒子散射效应.     

偏振门用于对散射介质成像的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

通过蒙特卡罗模拟研究偏振光在散射介质中的传播,对通过散射介质的偏振光的强度分布进行模拟,分析了偏振门和空间滤波对成像的影响.模拟结果表明,对于Rayleigh散射体,偏振门与空间滤波可以减小散射光的影响,提高图像对比度,圆偏振光入射比线偏振光具有更高的对比度.对于Mie散射粒子,偏振门的作用有限,不同偏振光的结果差别不大.对双组分的散射介质也进行了模拟,偏振门在这种体系中仍能提高图像对比度.     

基于Fournier Forand体积散射函数的水中激光脉冲后向散射特性分析模型

基于Fournier Forand体积散射函数,建立了一种水中激光脉冲后向散射仿真模型.运用该模型可用Monte Carlo方法模拟光子在水中的传播过程,并得到光波后向散射的冲击响应.将初始激光脉冲与冲击响应进行卷积并求其傅里叶谱,即可得到激光脉冲后向散射信号的时域和频域特征.利用该模型分析了入射为高斯型激光脉冲时,水...     

火星沙尘气溶胶对激光传输特性的影响

对火星沙尘气溶胶粒子进行分析,利用对数正态分布拟合了火星沙尘的尺寸分布.分别用Mie理论和Monte Carlo方法研究了不同波长的激光在火星沙尘条件下的传输特性,分析了火星上沙尘条件下的传输衰减、透射率和能见度随粒子质量浓度的变化关系,给出了波长为0.55μm时能见度随粒子质量浓度的变化曲线,并将两种方法的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:随着粒子质量浓度的增加,能见度先迅速降低后再缓慢降低并趋于2km左右,粒子浓度越高多次散射现象越明显,利用Monte Carlo方法计算的能见度比Mie理论计算的结果更高.在选择的几个波长中,沙尘条件下7.46μm的激光传输衰减最小,因此更适合火星无线激光通信.     

混浊介质中线偏振光和圆偏振光的后向漫散射特征

以标准的组织模型Intralipid脂肪乳溶液为研究对象,采用CCD偏振成像系统,通过测量该混浊介质的后向漫散射光的斯托克斯矢量,深入研究了不同方位的线偏振光及不同旋向的圆偏振光入射时,后向漫散射光的特征.研究结果表明：对不同的入射偏振态,后向漫散射强度、偏振度的空间分布具有方位选择性,强度和偏振度的大小随距离入射点的距离增加而减小;介质浓度增加,后向散射强度增加,偏振度减小,且同一浓度下,圆偏振光的偏振度总是高于线偏振光.     

基于Fournier Forand体积散射函数的水中激光脉冲后向散射特性分析模型

基于Fournier Forand体积散射函数,建立了一种水中激光脉冲后向散射仿真模型.运用该模型可用Monte Carlo方法模拟光子在水中的传播过程,并得到光波后向散射的冲击响应.将初始激光脉冲与冲击响应进行卷积并求其傅里叶谱,即可得到激光脉冲后向散射信号的时域和频域特征.利用该模型分析了入射为高斯型激光脉冲时,水中散射体的尺度分布、散射体与纯水的相对折射率以及水体衰减系数对激光脉冲后向散射特性的影响.结果表明：随着小尺度散射体相对数量的增多、散射体与纯水相对折射率的增加、水体衰减系数的增大,激光脉冲后向散射信号能量增强,宽度增加,低频分量显著增大.     

应用低相干动态光散射法测量悬浮液中的颗粒粒径分布

利用低相干动态光散射法测量不同浓度悬浮液中的颗粒粒径分布。由低相干光源和迈克尔逊干涉仪,结合传统的动态光散射技术组成低相干动态光散射装置,通过检测单次背散射光的能谱分布,利用CONTIN算法得到不同浓度悬浮液中颗粒的粒径分布。结果表明,对于1%～10%体积浓度范围内的单分散悬浮液羊品测量得到的颗粒粒径精确度在4%以内。     

神光Ⅲ原型全孔径背向散射测量系统研制及应用

为了测量激光与等离子体相互作用产生的散射光份额,获得黑腔耦合效率实验中的激光注入率,研制了基于神光Ⅲ原型装置的全孔径背向散射测量系统。该系统利用聚焦透镜收集散射光,通过离轴抛物面镜进行缩束,并采用二向色镜将散射光分为两个支路后分别进行受激布里渊散射和受激拉曼散射光的能量、时间过程和光谱测量。实验测量了有、无束匀滑条件下的散射光份额。结果表明,在当前实验条件下,通过束匀滑可有效降低散射光份额,提高激光注入率。     

用基于方位分辨的漫后向散射光确定粒子尺寸分布及相对折射率

基于偏振门技术,提出了利用漫后向散射光随线偏振光入射方位的变化来测量双层模型表层的粒子尺寸分布及相对折射率。双层物理模型用来模拟上皮组织,上层分别由聚苯乙烯小球或HeLa细胞悬浮液组成,下层由脂肪乳溶液组成,每层的光学特性与上皮组织光学特性匹配。根据米氏(Mie)散射理论,建立了与散射体形态参量相关的偏振后向漫散射强度随入射偏振方位变化的理论模型,并采用浮点遗传算法反演程序获得表层粒子的尺寸分布(PSD)及相对折射率。将理论值和实验测量值进行比较。研究结果表明通过测量随方位变化的后向漫散射光的偏振差分信号,能够获得类上皮组织模型表层的形态结构信息。     

Low-coherence enhanced backscattering beyond diffusion

An analytical theory for coherent backscattering (CBS) of low-coherence light is presented. An expression linking the CBS profile to the radial distribution of the incoherent backscattered light is derived when the incident light is partially spatially coherent. The backscattered snake light, which has experienced exactly two large-angle scatterings, is taken into account together with the diffuse light in the analysis. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the model describes well the CBS profile as long as the spatial coherence length, L(c), of the incident beam is larger than the scattering mean free path of light in the medium. The intensity of the enhanced backscattered light in the exact backscattering direction and the width of the CBS cone are found to be proportional to L(c) and L(c)(-1), respectively, in the limit of small L(c).     

Polarization preservation in diffusive scattering from in vivo turbid biological media: effects of tissue optical absorption in the exact backscattering direction

There is considerable recent interest in using polarized light to investigate turbid biological media. Although tissue multiple scattering randomizes incident polarization states, there are circumstances when appreciable degree of polarization can be observed in diffusive scattering. In this study, we use polarization modulation and synchronous detection to examine in the exact backscattering direction the polarization properties of diffusely reflected visible light from hands of human volunteers of varying pigmentation levels. The surviving polarization fraction increases with increasing pigmentation, likely due to preferential loss of highly scattered, long-pathlength photons; this mechanism lowers the average pathlength traversed by the detected light and hence increases the measured polarization preservation. This behavior is contrasted with the overall diffuse reflectance intensity, whose magnitude decreases with increasing absorption. These experiments demonstrate the important influences of medium optical properties on the polarization characteristics of multiply scattered light, which must be further investigated to enable quantitative polarization evaluation of turbid media such as biological tissues.     

高散射媒质中的光程可分割动态光散射研究

为研究散射光强度随光子在散射媒质中散射光程的变化,基于单散射理论与扩散波光谱理论,采用了低相干动态光散射装置对不同粒径大小的聚苯乙烯悬浮液进行研究。将测量得到的背散射光光场强度谱的线宽与相应的理论计算结果相比较发现,在短光程区域,考虑容器壁附近拖曳效应的影响后,对于不同粒径的颗粒,光程为约5倍粒子平均自由程的区域可看成为单散射区域;对于光程大于225 m的区域可看成为扩散光波区域。实验结果表明低相干动态光散射法可实现高散射媒质从单散射区域到低次散射再到扩散区域的全光程的可分割的光场强度谱测量。     

Determination of optical parameters of pulp suspensions by time-resolved detection of photoacoustic signals and total diffuse reflectance measurements

Time-resolved photoacoustics were used to measure the optical parameters of pulp suspensions for the first time. Reconstructing stress distribution along the direction of the incident laser light allows the effective attenuation coefficient of these suspensions to be determined. Simultaneously, the total diffuse reflectance of the suspensions was measured by the same laser source. Based on the effective attenuation coefficient and total diffuse reflectance, the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of pulp suspensions can be calculated. In this study, three kinds of pulp suspensions with different kappa number (2, 13, and 16), a measure of lignin content in pulp fibers, were diluted with water to make samples with a consistency range from 1% to 5%, and studied at 355 nm wavelength. The results showed that the optical coefficients were approximately proportional to pulp consistency; on the other hand, the absorption coefficient was linearly correlated with kappa number, but the reduced scattering coefficient was not. Therefore, by determining its optical parameters, it is possible to extract the consistency and kappa number of an unknown pulp suspension.     

Multiple light scattering from disordered media. The effect of brownian motion of scatterers

We have measured the time autocorrelation function of the light intensity multiply scattered from turbid aqueous suspensions of submicron size polystyrene spheres in directions near backscattering. It is found strongly non-exponential at short times revealing the very fast decay of coherence in extended scattering loops due to the thermal motion of the many spheres involved; the longest living decay time is found remarkably close to the single particle backscattering relaxation time even under conditions of interparticle interactions. These features are only weakly affected by the particular interference effect between time-reversed pairs of loops giving rise to the coherent backscattering enhancement. A simple argument is presented which accounts for these observations.Dedicated to Prof. Klaus Dransfeld on the occasion of his 60^th birthday     

Ultrasonic waves in diluted and densified suspensions

A theory of propagation of stress waves in diluted and densified suspensions is developed to make the theoretical basis for analysis of ultrasonic waves through these media. The formulae for the phase velocity and the attenuation coefficient are determined as the function of wave frequency and the suspension structure parameter, which is the volume or mass fraction of the solid phase. These formulae can be use, after suitable calibration, for determination of the solid volume fraction in diluted suspensions, and the solid mass fraction or the water content in densified suspensions, that is, parameters that characterize the structure of a suspension. These structure parameters can be determined by measuring the transition time of ultrasonic wave through a given distance of suspension. The phase velocity dispersion curves and the attenuation coefficients determined theoretically and experimentally are plotted as a function of the volume fraction of the solid phase for dilute suspension, or the solid mass fraction for densified suspension.