国外技术性贸易措施与中国消费品召回的数量关系

采用计量经济学加权回归模型对2005年1月～2012年7月,共91个月的欧盟、美国和加拿大月度中国制造消费品召回数量之和作为全球中国制造消费品月度召回数量与全球技术贸易壁垒(TBT)月度通报数量的关系进行定量解析.研究结果表明,两者之间存在对数非线性相关性,相关系数R2统计量为0.9825.在该模型中全球中国制造消费品月度召回数量与上月全球中国制造消费品月度召回数量呈正相关性,增长率约26.8％,与当月度TBT和上个月TBT通报数量呈现约79.6％正增长.TBT通报数量对消费品召回数量存在一定的滞后期,可从TBT通报数量来预测全球中国制造消费品召回的变化趋势.     

全球消费品召回与中国消费品召回的数量关系解析

将2005年1月～ 2012年7月共91个月的欧盟、美国和加拿大月度中国制造消费品召回数量之和作为全球中国制造消费品月度召回数量,采用计量经济学加权回归模型,定量解析与全球月度总召回数量的关系.研究结果表明,两者之间存在线性相关性,相关系数R2统计量为0.9966,全球月度消费品召回总数中约63％为中国制造产品数量,其中美国、欧盟和加拿大月度消费品召回总数中分别约62.2％、62.4％和63.8％为中国制造产品.这表明,以欧美等发达国家为代表市场的国际上中国制造消费品召回数量占召回总数的六成以上,并呈现一定的惯性,中国制造消费品的安全水平需要提高.     

国外技术性贸易措施与我国对外贸易关系解析

入世以来,我国对外贸易迅速增长,而全球TBT通报数量也进入了快速增长期,尤其2004～2010年,全球TBT通报数量和我国对外贸易额呈现明显的一致性。通过计量经济学方法加权回归模型研究表明,我国对外贸易额与全球TBT通报数量存在对数非线性相关性,相关系数R2统计量为0.9937。在该模型中全球TBT通报数量与上年TBT通报数量呈正相关性,这部分归因于近年我国消费品安全问题导致的发达国家和一部分发展中国家对消费品安全问题的日益重视,新的技术性贸易措施也不断出台;而与我国对外贸易额呈极微弱负相关性,这恰好说明了我国出口消费品安全水平在这些年间不断提高,产品安全水平逐步达到国际标准水平,中国制造消费品的形象明显提升,也间接影响了TBT通报数量的增长。     

欧美消费品化学安全技术性贸易措施影响分析——基于特别贸易关注视角

基于1995~2016年WTO各成员在TBT委员会历次会议上对欧盟提起的特别贸易关注情况,研究欧美消费品化学安全技术性贸易措施对各国的影响。结果表明,欧美消费品化学安全技术性贸易措施具有影响的国家/地区较广、受影响国家多数为发展中国家、且造成的影响具有持续性等特点。     

入世十年，纺织服装业TBT发展趋势研究

通过分析近年来纺织服装行业技术性贸易措施通报数据，研究近几年来全球金融格局动荡背景下技术性贸易措施呈现的特点，进而探讨入世十年后纺织服装行业技术性贸易措施通报的发展趋势。     

2013年纺织服装行业技术性贸易措施通报影响分析

通过对2013年纺织服装行业技术性贸易措施（TBT）通报总量、排名与类型对比等数据进行分析,并对全球各国际贸易组织（WTO）成员在纺织服装领域发出的通报进行解读,探讨各大地区技术性贸易措施的影响趋势,提出了对策与建议。     

东盟纺织品服装技术性贸易措施研究

简述了中国出口东盟的纺织品服装贸易概况,分析了相关技术性贸易措施的影响。通过收集TBT通报、标准原文等对东盟技术性贸易措施进行了系统梳理,并分析了其与我国相应要求的差异。     

服装出口：不容忽视的“小绳带”

2010年,美国消费品安全委员会（CPSC）共通报召回31批中国制造服装．其中25批召回原因是由于夹克衫、运动衫的帽子系带存在勒死儿童的危险．占我国被召回服装总数80．6％。     

浙江省标准化研究院推出技术性贸易措施“应对110”预警与服务系统

随着经济全球化进程的加快和低碳、绿色的消费观念成为人们消费的共识,技术性贸易措施(TBT)已经成为国际贸易调控的主要手段和高级形式,其在保障人类健康和安全、维护国家基本安全、保护生态平衡、实现可持续发展、调控经济贸易利益等方面发挥决定性的积极作用。从近年来的TBT通报来看,技术性贸易措施已经不是发达国家的"专利",更多的发展中国家和新兴工业化国家运用这一措施,其对国际贸易以及经济结构调整方面的作用正在日益加强。浙江省标准化研究院、浙江省WTO/TBT-SPS通报咨询中心根据浙江省政府"质量强省"建设的总体部署和浙江省外向型企业多等特点,适时推出了技术性贸易措施"应对110"预警服务系统,现将该系统介绍给广大读者。     

国外技术性贸易措施对我国外贸出口影响解析

本文依据国家质检总局公布的2006 ～ 2011年《中国技术性贸易措施年度报告》所提供的调研数据,进行统计处理,得出如下结论:(1)此期间全国范围内约32.1％的出口企业遭受到了国外技术性贸易措施的影响,直接损失总额从288.13亿美元猛增到582.41亿美元,企业因此而新增加的成本年平均达247.2亿美元;(2)我国沿海经济发达省市遭受国外技术性贸易壁垒直接损失程度较高,而中西部相对欠发达省市直接损失程度偏低;(3)经济欠发达省份遭受国外技术性贸易壁垒相对损失比例不低于10％,而经济较发达地区为1％ ～5％;(4)沿海经济发达省份比相对欠发达省份遭受国外技术性贸易壁垒损失后新增成本增加更多;(5)沿海经济发达省份上述新增成本与直接损失贸易额的比例约为55％,低于经济一般水平地区的97％;(6)我国轻纺行业受到影响的大型企业比例约为35％,小型企业比例约为30％.可见国外技术性贸易壁垒对我国外贸出口影响很大,对我国各省市影响不同,但在全国范围内轻纺行业受到的影响要高于各行业的平均水平.     

烟台市消费者对醋产品的满意度及影响因素分析

随着酿造技术的日益精进,醋产品市场呈现繁荣景象。为了更好地促进醋产品相关企业的发展,通过对烟台市消费者开展问卷调查获得数据,运用WPS、SPSS软件,采用描述统计、比较均值、因子分析等方法,分析消费者对醋产品的满意度及影响因素。研究表明,烟台市消费者对醋产品的满意度较高,平均得分为3.76分;消费者的年龄、学历、月收入与其对醋产品的满意度显著（P＜0.05）相关,年龄在40～49岁、学历为博士、月收入为6 000元以上的消费者对醋产品的满意度最高;感知质量、感知价值、可替代性等公因子是影响消费者对醋产品满意度的主要因素,其累计解释比例达75.27%。该文建议醋产品生产企业优化产品品质与口感、提高性价比、注重创新,同时政府提供相关支持,提高消费者对醋产品的满意度,促进企业的产品开发与市场营销。     

消费者对重组调理牛排态度的调查研究

近年来,国内肉类企业不断加大重组调理牛排的生产量,但是关于消费者对重组调理牛排的态度鲜有报 道。本研究通过网络调研与实地调研相结合的方法调研我国消费者对重组调理牛排的认知与态度。结果表明：产品 质量是消费者购买重组调理牛排的首要考虑因素;相比于其他购买方式,消费者更愿意在超市等实体店购买重组调 理牛排;月收入6 000 元以下的消费者更倾向于购买重组调理牛排,重组调理牛排的市场定位应为中低端产品。     

High‐performance liquid chromatography procedure for the determination of flavor enhancers in consumer chocolate products and artificial flavors

BACKGROUND: A number of individual high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedures exist for the analysis of maltol, theobromine, ethyl maltol, catechin, vanillic acid, caffeine, vanillin, epicatechin, and ethyl vanillin. A single procedure utilizing simple sample preparation and less sophisticated equipment would be advantageous for the analysis of different sample types containing these compounds. RESULTS: An HPLC procedure has been developed using water as the extract for consumer products and artificial flavors. A methanol–water gradient was used to elute the compounds of interest using a reverse‐phase column. Absorbance detection using a wavelength of 273 nm was used to monitor the eluent. Recoveries for these compounds ranged from 88% to 104%. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained for theobromine, catechin, caffeine, and epicatechin in Standard Reference Material 2380 Baking Chocolate compare well with those found in its certificate of analysis verifying that the procedure is valid. Vanillic acid and ethyl vanillic acid were found as oxidation products of vanillin and ethyl vanillin in both standards and some consumer products. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

精酿啤酒的消费者偏好分析

以消费者偏好为出发点进行了精酿啤酒调查问卷,发布并回收有效问卷1 025份。利用统计分析软件SPSS 25.0对问卷的数据进行分析,通过人口统计学特征和精酿啤酒月平均消费情况与影响因素两方面对样本进行统计分析,最后利用有序Logistic模型完成消费者精酿啤酒偏好实证分析。调查结果表明,精酿啤酒仍属于小众产品,市场并未达到饱和;男性消费者购买精酿啤酒比例显著高于女性消费者,消费水平与购买行为呈现正相关关系。对于有精酿啤酒消费习惯的消费者而言：有序Logistic回归分析结果表明,消费者对于精酿啤酒的依赖程度与对产品价位和大小规格的偏好存在相关性,但与对产品包装的偏好并无关联。通过调查分析期望为后续精酿啤酒新产品的开发与市场推广提供参考。     

An Aqueous High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Procedure for the Determination of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Honey and Other Sugar-containing Materials

ABSTRACT: A new, all aqueous high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure for the determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey and other sugar-containing materials was developed without harmful chemicals. The method involved dilution of the sample in water and the analysis of the diluent using an HPLC system equipped with an absorbance detector and a 30-mm sulfonated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) cation exchange column. Water was used as the mobile phase at a high flow rate of 2.00 mL/min Using this high flow rate in conjunction with a column heater set at 55°C, HMF eluted in less than 4 min. Overall precision was less than 1% relative standard deviation, recovery of HMF from spiked samples was approximately 99%, and there were no interferences from similar compounds such as 2-furfural and 5-methylfurfural. Several sugar-containing materials were analyzed by this method where the results compared well with the classic Winkler spectrophotometric procedure, but not as well with a commonly used reverse-phase HPLC technique. In addition, several consumer products were also analyzed for their HMF content.     

Development of a Time–Intensity Evaluation System for Consumers: Measuring Bitterness and Retronasal Aroma of Coffee Beverages in 106 Untrained Panelists

In order to develop products that are acceptable to consumers, it is necessary to incorporate consumers’ intentions into products’ characteristics. Therefore, investigation of consumers’ perceptions of the taste or smell of common beverages provides information that should be useful in predicting market responses. In this study, we sought to develop a time–intensity evaluation system for consumer panels. Using our system, we performed time–intensity evaluation of flavor attributes (bitterness and retronasal aroma) that consumers perceived after swallowing a coffee beverage. Additionally, we developed quantitative evaluation methods for determining whether consumer panelists can properly perform time–intensity evaluation. In every trial, we fitted an exponential function to measured intensity data for bitterness and retronasal aroma. The correlation coefficients between measured time–intensity data and the fitted exponential curves were greater than 0.8 in about 90% of trials, indicating that we had successfully developed a time–intensity system for use with consumer panelists, even after just a single training trial using a nontrained consumer. We classified participants into two groups based on their consumption of canned coffee beverages. Significant difference was observed in only AUC of sensory modality (bitterness compared with retronasal aroma) among conventional TI parameters using two‐way ANOVA. However, three‐way ANOVA including a time course revealed significant difference between bitterness and retronasal aroma in the high‐consumption group. Moreover, the high‐consumption group more easily discriminated between bitterness and retronasal aroma than the low‐consumption group. This finding implied that manufacturers should select consumer panelists who are suitable for their concepts of new products.