动态注射成型短玻纤增强高密度聚乙烯力学性能的研究

在不同的振动条件下注射成型短玻纤增强高密度聚乙烯复合材料。实验表明,振动可以有效地改善玻纤在树脂基体中的分散取向状况,提高复合材料的力学性能。与稳态注射成型的复合材料相比,动态注射成型复合材料的拉伸强度最大可提高11.1%,冲击强度最大可提高11.4%。     

纳米CaCO3填充PTFE复合材料力学性能的研究

通过机械搅拌、冷压成型烧结方法,制备了纳米碳酸钙填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料;并研究了复合材料的物理机械性能。结果表明未改性的纳米碳酸钙显著提高了复合材料的弹性模量、断裂伸长率和冲击强度,其中断裂伸长率最高可达800%,冲击强度亦可提高到纯PTFE的233%;但复合材料的拉伸强度有所降低。改性后的纳米碳酸钙效果并不是很理想,主要是表面改性剂高温分解存在的影响。     

聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙复合材料性能的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯(PP)/活性纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)复合材料,并用注射机注射了标准拉伸、弯曲及冲击样条。研究了不同纳米碳酸钙质量含量(1%～8%)对复合材料流动性能及力学性能的影响,利用扫描电镜观察了复合材料冲击断面的形貌。研究结果表明在实验范围内,与纯PP相比,加入纳米碳酸钙后,复合材料的拉伸强度有所降低,而弯曲强度、冲击强度以及硬度增加。当纳米碳酸钙含量为3%时复合材料呈现比较好的综合性能。实验条件下,纳米碳酸钙对复合材料的流动性能影响不大。     

HDPE/LDPE共混体系在低频振动场中注塑制品结构与性能的研究

近年来,在聚合物成型过程中,熔体振动技术引起了高聚物研究者的广泛重视.采用自行研制的低频振动注射装置,在聚合物常规注射成型过程中叠加振动场,控制聚合物的凝聚态结构,从而提高制品力学性能.实验的研究对象为HDPE/LDPE共混体系.研究表明:振动注塑有利于试样增强增韧,与常规注塑试样相比,振动注塑试样拉伸强度最大增幅为53.7%,冲击强度最大增幅为55.4%.采用SEM、WAXD、DSC等方法对试样微观形态结构进行表征,发现试样中大分子链高度取向,并有串晶生成.此外,振动注塑还有利于HDPE和LDPE发生共结晶.     

动态保压注塑技术对PP/OMMT纳米复合材料体系的影响

采用自行研制的高压振动注塑装置,在保压过程中对聚合物熔体施加低频振动,成型聚丙烯(PP)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料制件。对样品进行了力学性能测试,并通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析制件的内部聚集态结构。结果表明:在振动场的强烈作用下,复合材料的内部聚集态结构明显变化,蒙脱土在基体中的分散性得到有效改善,复合材料的力学性能得到提高,制件沿剪切流动方向的冲击强度比纯PP制件提高了740%。     

长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料注塑成型工艺优化

通过熔融浸渍包覆工艺,制备玻纤含量为40%的长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料(LGFRPP)粒料,选择注塑温度、注射压力以及注射速率作为试验的3个因子,将拉伸强度、弯曲强度及冲击强度作为评价指标,利用正交实验设计的方法对LGFRPP的注塑成型工艺进行了优化研究,研究了各注塑工艺对力学性能的影响,得到最佳注塑成型条件。研究结果表明,对拉伸性能影响最显著的是注射速率,对弯曲性能影响最显著的是注塑温度,对冲击强度影响最显著的是注射压力;采用综合平衡原则,结合拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能,得到含量为40%的LGFRPP复合材料的最佳注塑成型条件为注塑温度250℃,注射压力40 MPa,注射速度60%。在最佳工艺条件下,材料的拉伸强度为132. 02 MPa,弯曲强度为200. 38 MPa,冲击强度为59. 34 k J/m2。     

液压脉动注射成型聚乳酸力学性能及生物降解性能的研究

在不同振动工艺参数下,研究液压脉动注射成型对聚乳酸(PLA)制品力学性能、结晶性能及生物降解性能的影响.结果表明,与普通注射成型相比,液压脉动注射成型的PLA制品拉伸强度提高了10.6%,冲击强度提高了29.7%,结晶度提高了11.9%.在蛋白酶K催化降解下,其生物降解过程是从表面侵蚀到内部整体侵蚀的逐步演变过程,制品总降解速率比普通注射成型的小.     

改性针形纳米碳酸钙在PVC中的应用研究

用市售改性剂对自制的针形纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性,然后将改性纳米碳酸钙填充到聚氯乙烯（PVC）材料中,研究了PVC复合材料的力学性能。与未填充纳米碳酸钙的PVC相比,添加质量分数为5 %改性针形碳酸钙的PVC复合材料拉伸强度提高了10 %、冲击强度提高了7 %;扫描电子显微镜分析显示,改性纳米碳酸钙在PVC体系中分散均匀,冲击试样断面和拉伸试样断面均呈现明显的韧性断裂特征。     

PP／PE-HD共混体系在压力振动注射成型中的形态与性能研究

探讨了采用自行研制的压力振动注射成型装置对加工聚丙烯（PP）/高密度聚乙烯（PE—H19）共混物的影响。结果表明：两相相容性得到一定改善，试样的力学性能得到了大幅度的提高，其中PP／PE—HD（60／40）组分的冲击强度相对于普通注射提高了约294％。示差扫描量热测试表明振动注射会使PP和PE—HD具有部分的相容性，且样品结晶度比常规注射的高。广角X射线衍射分析表明振动注射成型有利于y晶的生成，从而试样的模量及强度得到提高。扫描电镜测试表明采用振动注射成型后，PE—HD分散相的尺寸明显变小而且分布更加均匀，实现了两组分之间的微区分离。     

PTFE/Nano-CaCO3复合材料组织性能研究

通过机械搅拌、冷压成型烧结方法,制备了纳米碳酸钙填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,并研究了复合材料的综合物理机械性能。结果表明:未改性的纳米碳酸钙显著提高了复合材料的弹性模量、断裂伸长率和冲击强度,但复合材料的拉伸强度有所降低。改性后的纳米碳酸钙效果并不是很理想,主要是表面改性剂高温分解存在的影响。     

Improved mechanical properties and structure of PP/nano‐CaCO3 blends prepared by low‐frequency vibration injection molding

BACKGROUD: Melt vibration technology was used to prepare injection samples of polypropylene (PP)/nano‐CaCO₃ blends. It is well known that nano‐CaCO₃ particles are easy to agglomerate owing to their large surface energy. Improving the distribution of nano‐CaCO₃ particles in PP/nano‐CaCO₃ blends is very important for enhancing the mechanical properties. In this work, low‐frequency vibration was imposed on the process of injection molding of PP/nano‐CaCO₃ blends. The aim of importing a vibration field was to change the crystal structure of PP as we studied previously and improve the distribution of nano‐CaCO₃ particles. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were improved. RESULTS: Through melt vibration, the mechanical properties of PP/nano‐CaCO₃ samples were improved significantly. Compared with conventional injection molding, the enhancement of the tensile strength and impact strength of the samples molded by vibration injection molding was 17.68 and 175.96%, respectively. According to scanning electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, it was found that a much better dispersion of nano‐CaCO₃ in samples was achieved by vibration injection molding. Moreover, the crystal structure of PP in PP/CaCO₃ vibration samples changed. The γ crystal form was achieved at the shear layer of vibration samples. Moreover, the degree of crystallinity of PP in vibration samples increased 6% compared with conventional samples. CONCLUSION: Concerning the microstructure, melt vibration could effectively change the crystal structure and increase the degree of crystallinity of PP besides improving the distribution of nano‐CaCO₃ particles. Concerning the macrostructure, melt vibration could enhance the mechanical properties. The improvement of mechanical properties of PP/nano‐CaCO₃ blends prepared by low‐frequency vibration injection molding should be attributed to the even distribution of nano‐CaCO₃ particles and the formation of γ‐PP and the increase of the degree of cystallinity. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

动态塑化过程振动参数对聚丙烯性能的影响

采用新型液压脉振式注射机成型聚丙烯(PP)试样,探讨了塑化过程中振幅和频率对PP物理力学性能和成型过程整机能耗的影响。结果表明:保持其他工艺参数不变,在塑化过程中施加振动后,PP试样的拉伸强度提高9.8%,冲击强度提高13.8%,密度提高0.3%,整机加工能耗降低6.6%。     

电磁动态注射机振动参数对PP力学性能的影响

采用电磁动态注射机注塑成型PP试样,并对其进行拉伸强度、冲击强度和DSC测试,探讨振动频率和振幅对制品力学性能的影响。结果表明:施加振动后,拉伸强度和冲击强度提高;熔点向高温漂移,有利于结晶完善程度的提高。对PP注塑料,电磁动态注塑成型时最佳的振动参数范围为f=3～9Hz,A=0 10mm～0 40mm。     

Mechanical properties and morphology of polypropylene‐calcium carbonate nanocomposites prepared by dynamic packing injection molding

In this article, dynamic packing injection molding (DPIM) technology was used to prepare injection samples of Polypropylene‐Calcium Carbonate (PP/CaCO₃) nanocomposites. Through DPIM, the mechanical properties of PP/nano‐CaCO₃ samples were improved significantly. Compared with conventional injection molding (CIM), the enhancement of the tensile strength and impact strength of the samples molded by DPIM was 39 and 144%, respectively. In addition, the tensile strength and impact strength of the PP/nano‐CaCO₃ composites molded by DPIM increase by 21 and 514%, respectively compared with those of pure PP through CIM. According to the SEM, WAXD, DSC measurement, it could be found that a much better dispersion of nano‐CaCO₃ in samples was achieved by DPIM. Moreover, γcrystal is found in the shear layer of the DPIM samples. The crystallinity of PP matrix in DPIM sample increases by 22.76% compared with that of conventional sample. The improvement of mechanical properties of PP/nano‐CaCO₃ composites prepared by DPIM attributes to the even distribution of nano‐CaCO₃ particles and the morphology change of PP matrix under the influence of dynamic shear stress. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

石墨烯/聚丙烯纳米复合材料流变与拉伸性能

采用熔融共混法制备了多种粒径、不同含量的石墨烯(GNP)/聚丙烯(PP)纳米复合材料,通过流变实验和拉伸实验分别研究了GNP粒径和GNP含量对复合材料流变特性的影响以及注塑成型工艺参数(注塑温度、注射压力、注射速度及背压)对复合材料拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,GNP微粒能够显著改善PP基体的抗拉强度,在一定含量范围(3%~9%)和较大粒径(40μm)时,会对PP熔体的流动性产生较大影响。虽然,注塑成型工艺参数对GNP/PP复合材料的抗拉强度影响较小,但是,其对材料的韧性影响较大。随着注塑的温度、压力、速度和背压的升高,材料韧性呈先增后降的趋势,最优参数组合为注塑温度215℃、注射压力60 MPa、注射速度50%、背压压力1 MPa。     

Mechanical properties and morphological behavior of calcium carbonate‐filled polypropylene in dynamic injection molding

A custom‐made electromagnetic dynamic injection molding machine was adopted to study the mechanical properties and morphological behavior of calcium carbonate‐filled polypropylene (PP) in a dynamic injection molding process. The influence of vibration amplitude and frequency on the mechanical properties and morphological behavior of samples was investigated using tensile tests, notched Izod impact tests, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electronic microscopy. The tensile stress and the impact stress for all samples investigated were found to increase in a nonlinear manner with increasing vibration amplitude and frequency. The tensile stress reached a maximum value at about 8 Hz and 0.15 mm for neat PP and PP filled with 3, 20, and 30 wt% CaCO₃. For PP filled with 40 wt% CaCO₃, the tensile stress reached a maximum value at about 12 Hz and 0.2 mm. The impact stress reached a maximum value at about 12 Hz. From DSC experiments it was shown that the melting temperature slightly increased, but no new polymeric crystalline peak appeared under the vibration force field. The CaCO₃ particles were diffused easily and distributed evenly in the PP melt under the vibration force field, so it is very useful in improving the quality of injection products. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Studies on blends of high‐density polyethylene and polypropylene produced by oscillating shear stress field

Tensile strength and morphology of blends of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) obtained by oscillating packing injection molding were investigated via Universal Testing Machine, DSC, and SAXS. Tensile strength is greatly enhanced from 24.5 MPa to more than 90 MPa for pure HDPE and for blends with PP content less than 10 wt %. There exists a sharp decrease of tensile strength when PP content is more than 10 wt %. The shear‐induced morphologies with core in the center, oriented zone surrounding the core and skin layer are observed in the cross‐section areas of the samples. Interestingly, a sharp decrease of oriented zone is seen when PP content is more than 10 wt %, associated with the sharp decrease of tensile strength. DSC result shows double melting peaks with a high‐temperature melting peak that is not present in the endotherm obtained from the central core and obtained from the samples by static packing injection molding, which indicates the existence of shish‐kebab structure in the oriented zone. However, there is no difference of crystallinity between the samples by oscillating and by static packing injection molding. SAXS was used to analyze the complicated morphologies induced by shear stress, and results show that the crystal thickness could be greatly increased under shear stress. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 58–63, 2002     

Self-Reinforced Isotactic Polypropylene Prepared by Melt Vibration Injection Molding

Polypropylene (PP) has a good combination of properties, but at low temperatures it is friable and its impact ductility is very low. To improve impact strength, a vibration injection molding (VIM) technology was used to investigate the mechanical properties of polypropylene. Yield strength is upgraded with an increment in vibration frequency and a peak stands at a special frequency for VIM; the elongation at break and impact strength are also enhanced by increased vibration frequency. The wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) curves and the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) micrographs have shown that, in the vibration field, the enhancement of mechanical properties is attributed to the occurrence of γ-phase crystals and more pronounced spherulite deformation than those seen in conventional injection moldings (CIM), and the smaller spherulites with the existence of β-phase crystals are favored for improving toughness. With the application of vibration injection molding, the mechanical properties of isotactic PP are improved. To prepare self-reinforcing and self-toughening polypropylene molded parts it has been concluded that high vibration frequency is required. Increasing vibration pressure amplitude obviously significantly improves the yield strength and impact strength.     

高密度聚乙烯振动注射试样的结构与性能

为了研究高密度聚乙烯振动注射试样的晶体结构与性能．研制并采用压力振动装置进行振动注射实验一通过振动，高密度聚乙烯由常规注射试样的典型球晶结构转变为明显取向的片晶结构，在不同的振动条件下，片晶的尺寸和取向度都不同。振动试样的拉伸强度随振动频率和振动压力的提高而提高，最大增幅为41.0％。断裂伸长率随振动压力的增高而下降，随振动频率的增高开始时下降，然后开始回升。     

Effect of melt vibration on structure and mechanical properties of HDPE/nano-CaCO3 blend

Melt vibration technology was used to prepare injection sample of HDPE/nano-CaCO₃ blend, whose mechanical properties were improved significantly. Compared with conventional injection molding, the enhancements of the tensile strength and impact strength of the sample molded by vibration injection molding were 41.2 and 43.2%, respectively. According to the SEM, WAXD, and DSC measurement, it was found that a much better dispersion of nano-CaCO₃ in sample was achieved by vibration injection molding. Moreover, crystal orientation degree of matrix HDPE increased under the effect of melt vibration. The crystallinity degree of HDPE in vibration sample increased by 5.5% compared with conventional one. The improvement of mechanical properties of HDPE/nano-CaCO₃ blend prepared by low-frequency vibration injection molding attributes to the even distribution of nano-CaCO₃ particles and the orientation of HDPE crystals and increase of crystallinity degree under the influence of melt vibration.