飞秒和纳秒脉冲作用下等离子体X射线辐射特性

对飞秒和纳秒激光作用下的Ａｌ和Ｃｕ等离子体的Ｘ射线辐射进行了测量，分析和比较。实验结果表明在飞秒激光脉冲下等离子体Ｘ射线峰值向短波方向移动。     

新型软X-射线透射光栅光谱仪的研制

研制了一种新型的由带前置轮胎镜成像系统、高密度透射光栅和软Ｘ光ＣＣＤ相机等组成的软Ｘ射线光谱仪,摄谱范围为０．５－１．５ｎｍ,光谱分辩为为０．０５ｎｍ。光谱仪没有像散,实现了点对点成像。由于其高效率激光系统产生的等离子体Ｘ光谱,特别适合于超短飞秒强激光脉冲产生的等离子体的研究。     

三倍频激光等离子体X射线转换研究

利用“星光Ⅱ”高功率激光装置三倍频激光（波长０.３５μｍ,能量５—９０Ｊ,焦斑直径约２００μｍ,脉冲宽度４００—８００ｐｓ）辐照多种材料（Ｃ,Ａｌ,Ｃｕ,Ａｕ）靶,对于不同激光功率密度,研究软Ｘ射线转换和发射能谱．结合０.３５μｍ激光辐照Ａｌ靶的质量烧蚀率和等离子体喷射速度与激光功率密度的定标关系进行数值模拟,对于激光功率在１０^１３—１０^１５Ｗ／ｃｍ²理论模拟结果与实验结果符合得很好 关键词：     

无碎屑激光等离子体软X射线源的研究及应用前景

分析了常规金属靶激光等离子体源产生固体碎屑的原因及其对软Ｘ射线光学元件的危害，介绍了近年来发展起来的无碎屑激光等离子体软Ｘ射线源，归纳了无碎屑激光等离子体软Ｘ射线源的几种形式和特点，并且描述了这种新型光源在软Ｘ射线显微术及光刻术中的应用．     

利用单飞秒激光脉冲驱动类氖钛X射线激光的研究

提出了一种利用单飞秒激光脉冲驱动类氖钛X射线激光的物理方案.利用自相似方法研究了不同脉冲前沿的单飞秒激光辐照钛平板靶产生的类氖钛X射线激光等离子体的特性,得到了电子温度、电子密度和定标长度三者的定标律,讨论了给定输入参数下各定标律曲线的特性.研究表明,利用单个飞秒激光能够实现X射线激光的产生,而且脉冲前沿强度随时间增长平缓的飞秒激光有利于驱动X射线激光.本研究为实验上实现单飞秒激光脉冲驱动X射线激光提供了一种新的方案.     

激光产生等离子体辐射X射线特性研究

本文报导激光等离子体辐射Ｘ射线的测量方法和结果。在“星光”装置上,用１．６μｍ激光辐照Ｎａ／Ｆ和铜靶。用平晶谱仪测量等离子体辐射Ｘ射线绝对强度,并研究了辐射Ｘ射线强度与入射激光功率密度的关系,测量了靶前后辐射强度之比,为光电离机制的Ｘ光激光研究提供了较重要的数据。     

X射线胶片的脉冲光源响应标定

用ＬＦ－１１激光装置的１．０６μｍ脉冲激光加热Ｃｕ靶产生的Ｌ－壳层线辐射作脉冲Ｘ射线源，在曝光量为（０．０１～１０）－７Ｊ·ｃｍ－２范围内，标定了ＫＯＤＡＫＡＡ－５，ＫＯＤＡＫＳＷＲ和ＵＦＳＨ－Ｏ软Ｘ射线胶片的响应曲线，并与用连续光源标定的进行了对比．结果表明，这三种ｘ射线胶片，在强脉冲光源曝光条件下，都存在着胶片响应互易律失效问题，过去用连续光源标定的响应曲线，在激光等离子体诊断实验中，已经不能采用．     

软X射线晶体谱仪

描述了用于激光等离子体软Ｘ射线光谱学研究长波晶体谱仪。用具有大晶格常数的晶体，极薄的滤片和对软Ｘ射线灵敏的底片，获得了波长达５．８ｎｍ的激光等离子体软件Ｘ射线光谱。同时还给出了实验测定了谱仪光谱分辨率。     

非同轴双束激光产生的等离子体辐射

采用非同轴双束激光，可得到时空差可控的二束不同性质的等离子体，实现在绝对同等条件下研究多束等离子体辐射的空间非均匀性和等离子体喷射对线加宽的影响。实验结果显示出在最简单的实验装置上实现等离子体强Ｘ射线泵浦Ｘ射线激光方案的可能性。     

等离子体波导中的复合X射线激光

短脉冲强激光和气体靶相互作用可产生等离子体波导。利用自相似模型，得到了等离子体波导中等离子体参数的时空演化。利用自编制的程序，以类Ｈｅ氮为例，研究了在这种等离子体波导中，产生复合机制Ｘ射线激光的过程。研究表明，在等离子体波导中有可能产生复合机制Ｘ射线激光，从而有可能利用等离子波导获得大ＧＬ值的复合机制Ｘ射线激光     

Double-pulse LIBS of gadolinium oxide ablated by femto- and nano-second laser pulses

Emission characteristics of gadolinium (Gd) oxide are studied, using ns and fs laser pulses for ablation in double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In the current conditions of pulse energy and signal detection timing, emission intensity enhancement in the reheating mode is 25-fold, but little effect can be observed in a pre-pulse mode. It is shown that the optimum focus position of the ablation pulse is about 5 mm apart from the sample surface in the reheating mode. Although little emission can be observed in the single-pulse configuration with fs ablation pulses, the intense emission can be observed in the reheating mode in the double-pulse configuration.     

Background gas collisional effects on expanding fs and ns laser ablation plumes

The collisional effects of a background gas on expanding ultrafast and short pulse laser ablation plumes were investigated by varying background pressure from vacuum to atmospheric pressure levels. For producing Cu ablation plumes, either 40 fs, 800 nm pulses from a Ti: Sapphire laser or 6 ns, 1,064 nm pulses from a Nd:YAG laser were used. The role of background pressure on plume hydrodynamics, spectral emission features, absolute line intensities, signal to background ratios and ablation craters was studied. Though the signal intensities were found to be maximum near to atmospheric pressure levels, the optimum signal to background ratios are observed ~20–50 Torr for both ns and fs laser ablation plumes. The differences in laser–target and laser–plasma couplings between ns and fs lasers were found to be more engraved in the crater morphologies and plasma hydrodynamic expansion features.     

超短脉冲激光烧蚀石墨产生的喷射物的时间分辨发射光谱研究

本文使用不同激光能流(18 J/cm²–115 J/cm²)和脉冲宽度(50 fs–4 ps)的超短脉冲激光在真空中(4×10^-4 Pa)烧蚀高定向热解石墨. 通过测量烧蚀喷射物的时间分辨发射光谱研究喷射物的超快时间演化. 在喷射物发射光谱中, 观察到了C₂基团的天鹅带光谱系统, 416 nm附近C₁₅基团的由电子能级¹Σ_u⁺ 和¹Σ_g⁺之间的振动跃迁产生的光谱峰以及连续谱. 50 fs, 115 J/cm²的脉冲激光烧蚀产生的喷射物的连续谱的强度衰减分为快速下降和慢速下降两个阶段(以20 ns时间延迟为分界). 这表明连续谱是由两种不同的组分贡献的. 快速下降阶段, 连续谱主要由碳等离子体通过韧致辐射产生; 慢速下降阶段, 连续谱主要由烧蚀后期产生的大颗粒碳簇的热辐射贡献. 实验结果还揭示了激光能流的提高, 会明显增加喷射物中碳等离子体和激发态C₂的含量, 但对质量稍大的C₁₅的影响较小; 此外, 50 fs脉冲激光烧蚀产生的连续谱的存在时间会随着激光能流的减小而增大, 这说明低能流更有利于在烧蚀后期产生碳簇. 脉宽主要影响喷射物连续谱的时间演化. 4 ps脉冲激光烧蚀产生的连续谱的整个时间演化过程明显慢于50 fs脉冲产生的连续谱.     

Nanosecond and femtosecond ablation of La0.6Ca0.4CoO3: a comparison between plume dynamics and composition of the films

Thin films of La_0.6Ca_0.4CoO₃ were grown by pulsed laser ablation with nanosecond and femtosecond pulses. The films deposited with femtosecond pulses (248 nm, 500 fs pulse duration) exhibit a higher surface roughness and deficiency in the cobalt content compared to the films deposited with nanosecond pulses (248 nm, 20 ns pulse duration). The origin of these pronounced differences between the films grown by ns and fs ablation has been studied in detail by time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy and imaging. The plumes generated by nanosecond and femtosecond ablation were analyzed in vacuum and in a background pressure of 60 Pa of oxygen. The ns-induced plume in vacuum exhibits a spherical shape, while for femtosecond ablation the plume is more elongated along the expansion direction, but with similar velocities for ns and fs laser ablation. In the case of ablation in the background gas similar velocities of the plume species are observed for fs and ns laser ablation. The different film compositions are therefore not related to different kinetic energies and different distributions of various species in the plasma plume which has been identified as the origin of the deficiency of species for other materials.     

Influence of laser parameters and material properties on micro drilling with femtosecond laser pulses

We report experimental results of drilling micro holes in Al, Mo, Ti, Cu, Ag, Au, and brass thin metal foils in air using 60-femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses. The influence of laser parameters and material properties on drilling processes at the sub-10-micron scale has been examined. Comparison of hole drilling using 60-fs pulses with that using 50-ps and 10-ns pulses at an energy fluence of ~15 J/cm² indicates that a significant amount of melting is present in both ps and ns regimes, whereas with fs pulses, fewer and much smaller droplets from the molten phase are observed.     

Radical species generation and their lifetime extension by a femtosecond and nanosecond dual-laser system

For many material processes, desired radical species at excited states are produced which interact with a given substrate for a certain period of time allowing chemical reactions between them to occur and complete. Hence, it is important to maintain the population of the excited radical species for an extended period of time, i.e., their lifetime, which is defined as the time for emission intensity to decay to 1/e of the initial intensity. In this study, a femtosecond–nanosecond (fs–ns) dual-laser system was employed to generate desired radical species via the fs laser and, then, to extend the lifetime of the radical species by the ns laser with different time delays between the two fs–ns laser pulses. The proposed method is demonstrated for a N₂–CO₂ mixture with CN as the radical species. The results show that the lifetime of CN radical species can be significantly extended, particularly the (3, 3) spectral line which was extended from 30 to 200 ns. By using a wavelength-tunable ns laser, the lifetime of most radical species can be extended which may increase the process efficiency for many material processes.     

用腔倒空Nd：YAG激光器对fs超短脉冲的同步放大

实现了用腔倒空Nd:YGA激光器对fs超短脉冲放大器的同步泵浦。由碰撞锁模环形染料激光器产生的80fs脉冲经二级染料放大后,实现放大倍数6.2×10~4,输出超短脉冲峰值功率～2×10~7W。     

Long duration light emission from femtosecond laser–target interactions

Time resolved emission from the interaction of ultra-short (∼200 fs) laser pulses with aluminum and copper targets was investigated. Measurements show that emission from the laser produced plasma in air is significantly more intense than in near vacuum conditions and that the emission in air can extend for periods exceeding 100 ns. Modeling the laser–target–air coupling shows that the laser–target interaction can lead to blast wave shock waves being launched in the ambient air and that the emission from the shocked air dominates over emission from the target surface. The long term emission measurements in air are in agreement with the modeling results.     

CCD在fs激光辐照下的损伤研究

 用脉宽为60 fs、波长为800 nm的 fs激光辐照电荷耦合器件,研究了电荷耦合器件在fs激光作用下的失效问题。实验得到fs激光作用下电荷耦合器件的失效阈值为4.22×10^－3 J/cm²。这比ns激光作用下电荷耦合器件的损伤阈值低2～3个量级。对该器件进行显微观测,在光敏元上没有发现损伤,但在器件的栅极上发现了明显的激光引起的损伤痕迹。     

硅光电二极管激光损伤阈值随激光脉宽的变化

 对飞秒激光辐照下硅光电二极管损伤阈值进行了实验测量，对从1s到60fs不同脉宽激光辐照下硅光电二极管损伤阈值进行了讨论。实验数据表明，在1s到10ns脉宽范围内损伤所需能量密度近似而非严格地与脉宽的平方根成正比。信号分析表明硅光电二极管的损伤主要由热效应造成，而60fs激光辐照下的损伤阈值为0.1J/cm2，明显偏离普通温度分布预言的趋势。