非平稳到达的码头集卡预约优化模型

针对集货高峰期集卡到达不均而导致的码头严重拥堵问题,运用排队理论和积压后移平稳估计(SBC)方法,通过同时考虑内在的码头服务能力和外在的集卡到达特征制定集卡预约策略.基于闸口、堆场集卡两阶段排队等待时间构建码头集卡预约多目标优化模型,最后用改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法对模型进行求解.算例结果表明,所构建的模型不仅可以应对集货高峰期时集卡的预约,同时通过优化使得决策天内集卡的平均等待时间得到较大减少且有效均衡了集卡的到达.     

多集装箱码头内集卡调度方法

针对多集装箱码头内集卡调度问题设计一种新型调度方案.在满足码头集卡数量及经验需求情况下,综合考虑集卡的效率和集卡调运能耗,提出多目标混合整数规划模型,并采用匈牙利算法进行求解.通过算例分析,得出该模型下多目标函数的一组最优解,证明利用所建立的模型和算法可以在有效时间内快速找到最优的集卡调度方案,表明了该集卡调度方法的可行性.     

考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度问题

考虑送箱集卡多码头调度的低碳、高效化要求,及为解决集卡不规律到达导致码头拥挤问题而提出的集卡预约集港机制,以单一外堆场调用送箱集卡数量最小及多集装箱码头调度方案碳排放总量最小为目标,构建了单堆场多码头送箱集卡调度模型.设计了改进的蚁群算法对该模型进行求解,得到按时间段划分的港外堆场多码头集卡低碳送箱方案,通过算例验证了所构建模型和算法的有效性.结果表明,考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度方案所需集卡数量少,工作时间短,兼顾了集装箱码头集卡送箱作业低碳和高效的要求.     

集装箱码头岸桥与集卡集成调度问题研究

岸桥与集卡是集装箱码头的重要资源。为了提高码头的装卸效率,针对集装箱码头岸桥和集卡的集成调度问题,以完工时间最小为优化目标,考虑集装箱之间优先关系和岸桥安全边际的实际约束,建立混合整数线性规划模型,利用改进粒子群算法(IPSO)对模型进行求解,制定了粒子编码和解码规则,设计了一种新的速度更新策略来改进解的质量。实验表明,将改进算法的结果与优化软件CPLEX所求得的最优解比较,IPSO算法求得12组数值算例的平均偏差为0.582%,且CPLEX计算时间的跨度随着计算规模的扩大从2.92 s到1 h,而IPSO的求解时间控制在50 s之内,并得到最优解,证明了该模型和算法可以快速有效地解决岸桥与集卡的集成调度问题。     

集装箱码头出口街区作业调度优化

为提高集装箱码头装船作业效率,以最小化街区间作业不均衡程度为目标,考虑集卡数量、街区与泊位的距离及街区可用容量3种因素对目标值的影响,构建了街区分配与集卡指派一体化线性规划模型,并设计了两阶段算法进行求解。第一阶段,运用穷举法求解最优的集卡指派数量与作业箱量的非整数松弛解;第二阶段运用分支定界法求解作业箱量的最优整数解,并确定装载至同一船舶的出口箱的街区,以及每一街区需指派集卡的数量。数值实验表明,两阶段算法能在短时间内求得最优解,并能缩短集装箱装船时间。     

基于HFSS的集装箱码头集成调度模型的建立与求解

集装箱码头作为连接水陆两方的集装箱运输枢纽,在物流环节中起着重要作用.集装箱码头的装卸作业过程可以看成一个由岸桥、集卡、场桥组成的三阶段混合流水车间调度系统.为了提高集装箱码头的装卸作业效率、缩短船舶的靠泊时间,本文根据混合流水车间调度策略(HFSS),建立了以最小完成时间为目标函数的三阶段集成调度模型.求解过程中将集卡的因素考虑进去,使用基于改进的johnson法则的启发式算法来求解该模型.最后与遗传算法求解结果进行对比,发现在相同条件下,基于改进的Johnson规则的启发式算法相比于传统的遗传算法得到的结果更优,得到的最优解距离下界只有4.1%的差距.     

集装箱码头岸桥分配与集卡调度整合问题研究

岸桥分配与集卡调度是相互联系相互影响的问题,如果要提高码头装卸效率,就必须协调好两者的调度关系。针对集装箱码头岸桥和集卡的协同调度问题,以使进口箱和出口箱的总完工时间最短为目的,考虑了集卡路径约束和岸桥实际操作情况等实际约束,构建了边装边卸的混合整数规划模型。由于模型比较复杂,因此采用了分层方法来实现两种设备的协调调度,并用改进的遗传算法来求解模型。实验表明,通过将改进算法的结果与标准化软件CPLEX所求得的最优解或下界比较,算法求得6组最优解且剩余算例平均偏差小于5%;在求解时间方面,随着岸桥、集卡和集装箱数量的增加,CPLEX求解时间跨度由1 s到1 h快速增长,而改进算法求解却仅仅需要几十秒,因此说明改进的算法可以快速有效地解决岸桥和集卡的协同调度问题。     

基于双层博弈的城市道路拥堵收费分析

运用博弈论分析拥堵收费策略,基于假设将其抽象为有N+1个参与者的双层博弈模型. 针对城市道路拥堵收费问题,建立双层博弈模型,分析博弈均衡条件,并以虚拟路网为例说明博弈模型的均衡及求解. 分析结果表明,博弈实质是拥堵收费最优定价与路网流量分配的合成问题,博弈均衡是寻求系统最优的拥堵收费决策及用户最优的交通配流方案.     

基于双向信息传递的场桥配置与集卡预约协同优化

基于集卡司机与码头之间信息的双向传递,提出考虑场桥资源动态配置的集卡预约新模式.在该模式下,场桥资源配置信息以及码头繁忙信息将在预约过程中作为决策辅助信息反馈给集卡司机,并设计双层遗传算法求解动态预约过程中场桥资源配置的优化问题.新预约模式与传统预约模式、等额预约模式在不同情形、规模算例下的仿真对比表明,新预约模式对于削减作业高峰、缩短集卡在港时间具有有效性与实用性.     

集装箱码头集卡与岸桥协调调度优化

在同时装卸集装箱作业的情况下,考虑了集装箱卡车的运输时间和岸桥的作业时间,建立基于时间最少的优化模型.利用进化计算的特点,设计求解此优化模型的进化算法,进行了数值仿真试验,在合理时间内获得了最优数值结果.此模型和方法为码头集卡线路优化问题提供了决策支持.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-