湖南省某规模猪场一起流行性腹泻疫情的暴发调查

2017年12月8日,湖南省某种猪扩繁场约400头育肥猪采食量出现急剧下降,部分猪还出现水样腹泻,个别猪有呕吐、神经沉郁等症状,初步怀疑为猪流行性腹泻疫情。通过现场调查、座谈和实验室检测等方式,对此次疫情进行了暴发调查。临床症状和实验室检测显示,造成此次腹泻疫情的病原为猪流行性腹泻病毒。分析认为:运输猪只车辆消毒不严、场内生物安全防范措施执行不到位是导致病毒传入的主要原因;饲养管理不善、缺乏保温措施、养殖密度大、通风不良等因素,加速了病毒在栏内的传播。调查结果提示:规模猪场要严格运输车辆消毒等生物安全措施的落实,严防病毒传入;加强猪群饲养管理,提高猪群免疫力;发生疫情时,要及时隔离,并采取适当的干预措施,防止疫情扩散。     

宁夏某猪场猪流行性腹泻紧急流行病学调查

2017年5月10日,宁夏回族自治区动物疾病预防控制中心接到青铜峡市某规模化猪场发生大规模腹泻的报告。经流行病学调查和实验室检测,确定猪流行性腹泻病毒是导致该猪群发生大规模腹泻的主要原因,生物安全管理水平不高、运输车辆或人员进场管理不严是疫病传入的主要风险因素;场内管理不严是疫情扩散的原因。按照调查建立的病因假设,采取了针对性防控措施,包括对猪场的入场清洗消毒设施等进行升级改造,加强饲养管理等。半年内该场未再发生大规模猪腹泻疫情。     

一例仔猪流行性腹泻的诊治及病因分析

2018年4月份,山东省某规模化养猪场发生大规模仔猪腹泻,为了控制疫情并查找病因,试验采用现场实地调查和实验室检测方法进行诊断,并根据诊断结果进行防控。结果表明:引起仔猪腹泻的主要病原是猪流行性腹泻病毒,运输车辆及人员带入病原或猪群应激可能导致持续存在于本场的病原再次传播,继而导致疫情暴发,经及时隔离、消毒、返饲、免疫等综合防治措施,疫情得到控制。     

猪博卡病毒研究进展

 猪博卡病毒是近年来新发现的一种细小病毒。目前,在匈牙利、北爱尔兰、罗马尼亚、泰国、日本、韩国和中国的猪群（野猪）中均检测到了该病毒,并且发现该病毒在猪群中保持较高的感染率。流行病学调查研究发现,该病毒与猪群腹泻有一定的相关性,并且可能在猪腹泻中可能扮演了一个诱因的角色。通过基因序列分析和系统发育分析发现,该病毒存在多个谱系,呈现出遗传多样性的特点。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)辽宁株序列测定及分析

为弄清2014年沈阳某猪场腹泻原因,应用RT-PCR方法对采自该场样品进行猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)S1基因扩增,并将产物纯化后测序、分析。结果得到长为2 376 bp的S1基因序列;本病毒与2013年美国暴发毒株以及我国2010年毒株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性较高,而与疫苗株同源性较低;同时存在氨基酸的插入、缺失及糖基化位点的改变;在进化树上,与2010-2011年在我国暴发的猪流行性腹泻病毒为与同一亚群,与2013年美国毒株也有较近的亲缘关系。表明分离到猪流行性腹泻病毒,此病毒已发生部分变异,需给予密切重视。     

拉丁美洲猪流行性腹泻的最新研究进展

正近几年来,相关的临床病例和研究数据已证明,猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDv)对亚洲、北美洲和拉丁美洲的猪群带来毁灭性的打击,对养猪生产者造成巨大的经济损失。不过,最近在欧洲暴发的类似猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDv)的病例似乎并没有很强的破坏性。猪流行性腹泻(PED)是由冠状病毒引起猪的一种重要的接触性     

规模猪场仔猪腹泻病的诊断与防制

2010年以来,华东地区出现了大面积的仔猪腹泻病．部分省份的仔猪发病率高达87％．其主要病原为猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒。2012年1月,重庆长寿区一规模猪场暴发严重的仔猪腹泻病．仔猪多在吃初乳后1天左右发病．出现水样腹泻、呕吐、脱水等症状。发病率高达70％,病死率达90％。经血清学和病原学诊断,该病主要由猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪A群轮状病毒引起,并伴发了大肠杆菌病和Kobu病毒病。     

猪流行性腹泻的临床诊断和防制措施

猪流行性腹泻是一种急性、高度接触性传染病,以水样腹泻、呕吐、脱水和新生仔猪的高病死率为特征。本病于20世纪70年代初首先发现于英国和比利时。1976年,暴发了类似猪传染性胃肠炎的急性腹泻,已排除了猪传染性胃肠炎病毒作为病原的可能,也不是其他已知肠致病性病原,W ood把这次暴发的腹泻称为腹泻II型,以便于70年代初发生的腹泻(称为Ⅰ型)区别。1978年Pensaert等发现一种类冠状病毒的病原与II型腹泻暴发有关。实验表明Ⅰ型和II型腹泻的发生是由相同的冠状病毒引起的,即猪流行性腹泻病毒,故把这种腹泻称为猪流行性腹泻。本病毒只感染猪…     

避免猪感染PED的途径

猪流行性腹泻(PED)是由冠状病毒引起的,其临床症状类似于传染性肠胃炎。猪是唯一已知的PED病毒的宿主。该病毒通常通过粪便和口传播。病毒也可通过受污染的人员、设备和其他污染物感染易感猪群。急性暴发时,所有年龄组的主要临床症状是水样腹泻、呕吐、食欲不振。发病率接近100%。临床症状的根本原因是病毒在肠上皮细胞、小肠的绒毛上复制,病毒复制随后引起肠上皮细胞变性和坏死,导致肠道损伤不能充分吸收营养和水分。腹泻之后会导致脱水和电解质的损耗。     

猪流行性腹泻的流行特点、诊断和防控技术

猪流行性腹泻(PED)是由猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)引起的一种猪的高度接触性传染病,感染猪以急性肠炎、水样腹泻、呕吐为主要特征。20世纪80年代我国首次报道并鉴定猪流行性腹泻病毒,随后该病毒成为引起猪病毒性腹泻的常见病毒。2010年底,由PEDV变异毒株引起的PED大规模暴发,给养猪业带来重大经济损失。文章主要针对当前PED在我国的流行情况、诊断技术、疫苗和防控策略等方面进行阐述,以期给该病的防控提供借鉴和参考。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。