粉煤灰酸法提取氧化铝蒸发母液回收氯化铝工艺研究

在粉煤灰盐酸法提取氧化铝蒸发结晶工序中,由于氯化铝溶液多次循环蒸发,引起蒸发母液中钙、镁、硅、磷等杂质离子的富集,当母液中杂质离子的浓度达到一定程度时需将部分氯化铝蒸发母液外排,这将会造成15%~20%原料铝的损失。利用氯化氢气体盐析结晶技术对蒸发母液进行处理,通过两级盐析结晶和浓盐酸洗涤,不仅实现了回收蒸发母液中氯化铝的目的,还提高了六水氯化铝晶体的纯度,使回收的氧化铝纯度达到99.38%,同时氧化铝中氧化钙、氧化镁、五氧化二磷的质量分数分别降低至2.680×10^-5、2.849×10^-4、2.051×10^-4。提出了蒸发母液回收氯化铝工艺路线,此流程可完全并入现有粉煤灰盐酸法提取氧化铝工艺的主流程。     

5-氯甲基水杨醛的合成

以水杨醛、多聚甲醛和浓盐酸为原料,考察了三氯氧磷在制备5-氯甲基水杨醛中的应用。结果表明,当三氯氧磷的用量是水杨醛质量的30%,控温15～25℃,搅拌反应28 h时,5-氯甲基水杨醛的收率可达92%以上;三氯氧磷作为氯甲基化反应中氯化氢的供源的同时也可作为反应母液的再生剂,显著降低了废酸排放量;本文制备5-氯甲基水杨醛的原料成本比文献[7-8]报道的降低了约25%。     

含硫盐酸制备氯乙烷工艺研究

以含二氧化硫盐酸和乙醇为原料,氯化锌为催化剂,采用反应精馏的方法制备氯乙烷。通过对氯化氢与乙醇的物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和催化剂重复次数进行考察,结果表明,用含二氧化硫盐酸和乙醇制备氯乙烷的合适条件:氯化氢与乙醇的物质的量比为1:1.1,反应温度为130 ℃、反应时间为100 min、催化剂用量110 g,氯乙烷的产率达91.2%,纯度在99.6%以上,催化剂重复5次,氯乙烷的产率仍然在90%以上。此法大大提高了含硫盐酸的利用率,减轻对环境的污染。     

4-氨基苯磺酰胺的合成工艺改进

研究了由乙酰苯胺经过氯磺化、胺化、水解反应制备4-氨基苯磺酰胺（简称磺胺）的合成工艺改进。其中包括在氯磺化过程中吸收氯化氢气体配制成30%盐酸,该盐酸将作为副产品出售;将氯磺化产物分解过程中产生的部分废酸用于水解反应之后调节反应混合液pH值,剩余废酸全部用于本公司二羟基萘生产的酸化工艺中;采取浓缩磺胺母液的方式提高产品收率,将最终磺胺母液用于氯磺化产物分解反应;磺胺母液浓缩过程产生的无机盐大部分为氯化钠,将作为冷冻盐水使用;磺胺母液浓缩过程收集的冷凝水,将用于对乙酰胺基苯磺酰氯（ASC）洗涤。原有工艺改进后,磺胺收率由工业生产的69.0%提高到72.5%,成本降低,三废排放很少。     

稀酸中硫酸和氯化氢含量的测定

稀酸中硫酸和氯化氢含量的测定徐东华，顾建萍苏州硫酸厂我厂在用盐酸法生产工业氯磺酸，（生产规模为１０ｋｔ／ａ）的过程中，产生合少量氯化氢的稀硫酸（硫酸含量约７０％，氯化氢含量在０．５％以下）。为了控制硫酸浓度以符合生产普钙的要求，和控制氯化氢含量以降低...     

氯化氢用于甘氨酸法草甘膦水解工艺的研究

叙述了在甘氨酸法制备草甘膦工艺中,创新地采用氯化氢代替盐酸进行水解。对比两种工艺,氯化氢水解法具有比盐酸水解法副产氯甲烷的量高出65%、脱溶能耗降低50%、废水量减少27%等优点。氯化氢用于甘氨酸法草甘膦水解过程是一个确实可行的、具有很强竞争性的优良工艺。     

泡沫水洗塔的设计和实际应用

合成氯乙烯单体生产过程中,乙烯气与氯化氢气体在转化器中通过触媒的作用进行化学反应,从工艺安全和经济角度考虑,氯化氢适当过量能够使乙炔反应更完全,而反应后过量的氯化氢气体很容易被水吸收成盐酸溶液,成为一种副产品。我们用泡沫水洗塔吸收反应后过量的氯化氢。从转化器出来的混合气,含有4－10％的氯化氢气体,通过泡沫水洗塔对氯化氢的吸收后,氯化氢的含量降到0－0．7％,而盐酸溶液的浓度达到20％－25％,这样,即得到了较高纯度的氯乙烯单体,又为用户提供了所需浓度的盐酸溶液。随着产品市场的不断扩大,原泡沫水洗塔的生产能力已经不能满足现生产的需要,为此我们根据现在生产能力及工艺控制自行设计制造了一台新的泡沫水洗塔。     

氯化氢吸收制酸装置在PVC生产中发挥的调节作用

利用水对氯化氢进行降膜吸收制取31%盐酸,降低了高价原料的消耗,提高了经济效益。     

5-氯甲基水杨醛的清洁制备方法

以水杨醛、多聚甲醛和浓盐酸为原料,实验研究了三氯氧磷在制备5-氯甲基水杨醛中的应用。实验结果表明,当三氯氧磷的用量是水杨醛质量的30%,控温15~25℃,搅拌反应28h时,5-氯甲基水杨醛的收率可达92%以上;三氯氧磷作为氯甲基化反应中氯化氢的供源的同时也可作为反应母液的再生剂,显著降低了废酸排放量;相比文献报道,本文制备5-氯甲基水杨醛的原料成本降低了25%左右。     

含氮配体改性钯催化乙炔氢氯化研究

针对乙炔氢氯化钯基催化剂稳定性较差的问题，通过简易湿法浸渍法制备了含氮配体改性的新型钯基催化剂。在配体添加量为10%,温度160℃,乙炔空速720 h^-1,氯化氢与乙炔流量比值为1.2时，转化率高达99%,且20 h后只下降了5%。TEM结果证明钯在催化剂中高度分散，XPS结果证明配体的引入可以减少钯物种在反应过程中的还原。TG、ICP-OES和BET结果证明配体的引入显著降低积碳，并抑制Pd物种的流失。基于前线轨道理论分析，配体的引入增强了对氯化氢的吸附和活化，并且降低了电子从钯向氯化氢转移过程中的能量差，有效促进了乙炔氢氯化反应的进行。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.