红细胞计数对胆碱酯酶活力值校正实验研究

血液中乙酰胆碱（ACh)存在于红细胞表面,胆碱酯酶活力水平不仅取决于酶是否遭到有机磷农药抑制,而且还受到各人红细胞（RBC）值的影响,为消除人红细胞值对血液胆碱酯酶测定值的影响,提高其可信性,采用羟肟酸铁比色法测定了济南地区60名健康人血液胆碱酯酶活力值（b1-ChE),红细胞胆碱酯酶活力值（e-ChE),血浆胆碱酯酶活力值（p-ChE),初步探讨了它们之间的比例关系及用RBC计数值校正酶活力,结果表明,e-ChE和bl-ChE呈高度正相关,e-ChE稳定地占b1-ChE的75．56％。认为使用RBC计数校正酶活力,可消除男女之间测定值的差异,缩小人群测定的变异度,提高了胆碱酯酶测定值的可信性。     

血液胆碱酯酶活力测定方法的进一步研究Ⅰ．红细胞／全血胆碱酯酶活力比例及红细胞计数校正酶活力值的研究

应用硫代乙酰胆碱－联硫代双硝基苯甲酸（ＡＳＣｈ－ＤＴＮＢ）比色测定法，测定了４０名健康者及５名贫血者血样的全血胆碱酯酶（ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ）活力值、红细胞胆碱酯酶（ｅ－ＣｈＥ）活力值及血浆胆碱酯酶（ｐ－ＣｈＥ）活力值，探讨它们之间的比例关系并用红细胞计数值（ＲＢＣ）校正酶活力。结果表明：ｅ－ＣｈＥ与ｂ１－ＣｈＥ之间关系密切（ｒ＝０．９４８，Ｐ＜０．００１），ｅ－ＣｈＥ稳定地占ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ的８４．９７％，在质和量两方面验证了以ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ值表示ｅ－ＣｈＥ值的可靠性和可信程度，血液胆碱酯酶（ｂ１ＣｈＥ）活力主要取决于ｅ－ＣｈＥ活力，ＲＢＣ值的离散对ｅ－ＣｈＥ值有极大影响，故用ＲＢＣ值校正ｅ－ＣｈＥ活力，这样可缩小人群测定值的变异度，得到较难确的群体均值；消除男女之间测定值的差异，建立更合理和通用的临界参比值，极大地方便了使用，使血液胆碱酯酶（ＣＨＥ）活力测定法在防治有机磷农药中毒中的应用，更为敏感和特异。     

红细胞计数对胆碱酯酶活力值校正实验研究

血液中乙酰胆碱(ACh)存在于红细胞表面,胆碱酯酶活力水平不仅取决于酶是否遭到有机磷农药抑制,而且还受到各人红细胞(RBC)值的影响.为消除人红细胞值对血液胆碱酯酶测定值的影响,提高其可信性,采用羟肟酸铁比色法测定了济南地区60名健康人血液胆碱酯酶活力值(bl-ChE)、红细胞胆碱酯酶活力值(e-ChE)、血浆胆碱酯酶活力值(P-ChE),初步探讨了它们之间的比例关系及用RBC计数值校正酶活力.结果表明,e-ChE与bl-AhE呈高度正相关.e-ChE稳定地占bl-ChE的75.56%.认为使用RBC计数校正酶活力,可消除男女之间测定值的差异,缩小人群测定的变异度,提高了胆碱酯酶测定值的可信性.     

血液胆碱酯酶活力测定方法的进一步研究Ⅱ．溶血样品全血胆碱酯酶活力测定研究

溶血样品胆碱酯酶活力的测定，可将硫代乙酰胆碱－联硫代双硝基苯甲酸比色法（ＡＳＣｈ－ＤＴＮＢ法）测定胆碱酯酶活力中的比色液，用无水乙醇沉淀蛋白质，离心后取上清液，再比色测定，并用同样方法作标准曲线。溶血样品胆碱酯酶活力（ｈ－ＣｈＥ）与未溶血样品的全血胆碱酯酶活力（ｂ１ＣｈＥ）相关，ｒ＝０．９１５，Ｐ＜０．０００１；ｈ－ＣｈＥ与ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ之比为０．８７７８：１。因溶血样品无法作红细胞计数，故用血红蛋白值（Ｈｂ）对ｈ－ＣｈＥ活力值进行较正，以减小个体间ｈ－ＣｈＥ活力的变异，消除男女性别间ｈ－ＣｈＥ的差异，制定更为灵敏和准确的生物接触限值，以利于实际应用。     

血液胆碱酯酶活力测定方法的进一步研究 Ⅰ.红细胞／全血…

应用硫代乙酰胆碱－联硫代双硝基苯甲酸（ＡＳＣｈ－ＤＴＮＢ）比色测定法，测定了４０名健康者及５名贫血者血样的全血胆碱酯酶（ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ）活力值、红细胞胆碱酯酶（ｅ－ＣｈＥ）活力值及血浆胆碱酯酶（ｐ－ＣｈＥ）活力值，探讨它们之间的比例关系并用红细胞计数值（ＲＢＣ）校正酶活力。结果表明：ｅ－ＣｈＥ与ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ之间关系密切（ｒ＝０．９４８，Ｐ＜０．００１），ｅ－ＣｈＥ稳定地占ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ的８４．９７％，     

溶血样品胆碱酯酶活力实验研究

目的 探讨健康成人溶血样品胆碱酯酶活力(h-ChE),未溶血全血胆碱酯酶活力(b1-ChE)值之间的比例关系,并用血红蛋白值(Hb)对h-ChE进行校正。方法 采用国家标准GB 7794-87三氯化铁比色法测定h-ChE及b1-ChE。结果 h-ChE与b1-ChE之间呈高度正相关,r=0.975,P<0.0001。Hb值校正h-ChE,其校正值接近于或略高于正常值。结论 用Hb值校正h-ChE可避免离体血样后处理过程中因溶血干扰比色所致测定值误差。缩小男、女人群之间测定值离散度。     

急性有机磷农药中毒呼吸衰竭与全血胆碱酯酶活力的相关性

呼吸衰竭 (呼衰 )仍是目前急性有机磷农药中毒 (ＡＯＰＰ)的首要死亡原因。我们对近年收治的 5 6例ＡＯＰＰ呼衰患者进行了呼衰与全血胆碱酯酶 (ＣｈＥ)活力之间关系的探讨。一、临床资料1 一般资料 :5 6例ＡＯＰＰ患者中男 19例、女 3 7例 ,年龄13～ 64岁。ＡＯＰＰ的诊断依据陈灏珠主编的《内科学》(第四版 )中的诊断标准。服药种类 :氧化乐果 14例、甲拌磷 13例、对硫磷 10例、久效磷 9例、内吸磷 1例、复配农药 9例。中毒程度 :重度 5 5例、轻度 1例。呼衰诊断标准 :( 1)呼吸困难 ;( 2 )发绀 ;( 3 )伴或不伴意识障碍 ;( 4 )动脉血氧分压…     

全血、血浆、红细胞胆碱酯酶正常值的探讨

用改良Ｅｌｍａｎ法能同时检测全血、血浆、红细胞胆碱酯酶（ＣｈＥ）活力，可为有机磷农药中毒诊治提供重要的客观指标。由于在不同个体或在同一个体不同时间测定结果有差异，理想的作法是测接触前的ＣｈＥ活力作参比，而在实际工作中这点很难作到。因此对于一定数量的健...     

有机磷作业工人全血胆碱酯酶活力分析

有机磷农药污染和中毒是生产和使用这类农药常见的职业病危害。测定全血胆碱酯酶(ChE)活力是生物监测和早期诊断有机磷中毒的重要指标。为了解有机磷农药接触人员ChE活力情况,我们对泰安市某农药厂敌敌畏(DDVP)作业工人进行了ChE活力测定,并对现场进行了职业卫生学调查。     

溶血样品胆碱酯酶活力实验研究

目的 探讨溶血样品胆碱酯酶（h-ChE）与未溶血样品胆碱酯酶（bl-ChE）活力值之间的关系。方法 采用羟肟酸铁比色法测定济南地区112名健康人bl-ChE及h-ChE,并用血红蛋白（Hb）值对h-ChE进行校正。结果 bl-ChE及h-ChE活力值之间呈高度正相关（r=0.728,P <0.01）。结论 Hb值校正h-ChE可避免由样品溶血干扰比色所造成的测定值误差,缩小男、女人群之间的测定值离散度,提高了胆碱酯酶测定值的可信性。     

乳牙龋齿活跃性实验研究

近年来,很多学者都致力于龋齿活跃性实验的研究,本次研究方法主要以测试牙面菌斑内变形链球菌的产酸能力来显示龋齿活跃性.实验中对365名3～5岁儿童进行测试,并将其实验结果与儿童龋齿检查结果作对比,其目的在于显示此种龋齿活跃性检测方法的可行性,为今后龋齿的预测和预防提供思路.     

Cholinesterase activity depression among California agricultural pesticide applicators

Cholinesterase activity measurements for 542 California agricultural pesticide applicators under medical supervision during the first 9 months of 1985 were analyzed. Twenty-six workers, 4.8% of the sample, had cholinesterase values at or below the California threshold values for removal from continued exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides (60% of baseline for red blood cell cholinesterase and 50% of baseline for plasma cholinesterase activity). Eight of these 26 workers, 31.5%, had pesticide-related illnesses. Pesticides most frequently associated with cholinesterase depressions exceeding California threshold values included mevinphos (Phosdrin), oxydemeton methyl (Metasystox-R), methomyl (Lannate), and acephate (Orthene); these pesticides included organophosphates in toxicity categories I and II and one carbamate in toxicity category I.     

复方红曲制剂调节血脂作用的实验研究

目的：研究复方红曲制剂对实验动物调节血脂的作用。方法：将实验大鼠分成4组，在给予高脂饲料的同时，对照组给予蒸馏水，实验组给予高、中、低剂量的复方红曲制剂，连续28d。结果：高、中、低剂量组(1000、333、167mg／kg)大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)水平明显低于高脂对照组，低剂量组大鼠血清胆固醇(TC)水平明显低于高脂对照组。高、中、低剂量组大鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显高于高脂对照组。结论：复方红曲制剂具有调节血脂的作用。     

Cholinesterase activity and behavior in chlorpyrifos-exposed Rana sphenocephala tadpoles

Recent studies have found a correlation between organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure and declines in amphibian populations. We evaluated the hypothesis that this relationship is driven by behavioral changes in developing larvae. Specifically, we examined how exposure to a common OP pesticide, chlorpyrifos, influenced cholinesterase (ChE) activity, mass, and swim speed in Rana sphenocephala tadpoles. We also determined how the presence of natural pond sediments in exposure chambers influenced response to the pesticide and how mass and survival were affected when tadpoles were exposed to an invertebrate (odonate) predator in addition to the pesticide. Mass and swim speed were measured after 4- and 12-d laboratory exposures to 1, 10, 100, and 200 microg/L of chlorpyrifos in test chambers that either did or did not contain pond sediments. These same parameters also were examined in mesocosms dosed with 200 microg/L of chlorpyrifos to evaluate responses under more environmentally realistic conditions. The effect of the invertebrate predators on survival and/or growth of tadpoles was evaluated in the mesocosm study and in separate laboratory experiments. In laboratory tests, no pesticide-induced mortality was observed; however, tadpole ChE activity in the two highest concentrations was significantly lowered, with a longer exposure duration further decreasing activity (maximum inhibition, 43%). Mass also was lower at higher concentrations, but this effect was not enhanced with longer duration of exposure. Reductions in ChE activity of tadpoles exposed in mesocosms were similar to those observed in laboratory experiments for the first 4 d. Tadpole swim speed and survival in the presence of a predator were not affected, with the latter largely resulting from pesticide-induced predator mortality.     

Cholinesterase activity in black-crowned night-herons exposed to fenthion-treated water

Fenthion, (0,0-Dimethyl0-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl] phosphorothioate), a widely used mosquito control agent, has caused wildlife mortality. To simulate a shallow wetland environment, an exposure chamber was used containing water treated with fenthion at 1 and 10 times the field application rate of 112 g active ingredient (AI)/ ha. This system permitted an evaluation of exposure routes and the effects of fenthion in a representative species of wading bird, the black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax). The results suggested that herons received only a dermal exposure, and that their brain acetylcholinesterase activity was not significantly inhibited. In contrast, however, plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity was inhibited, suggesting the herons were exposed to the insecticide. The application rates and types of exposures were not life-threatening in this species.