面向电子商务的供应链管理系统的研究

介绍了电子商务与供应链的概念,然后结合两者的特点,提出了一种面向电子商务的供应链管理系统,最后以企业为背景,提出了系统的应用。     

The value of postponing online fulfillment decisions in multi-channel retail/e-tail organizations

Many retail/e-tail organizations assign responsibilities for online sales immediately and to the closest fulfillment location that has available stock. Unfortunately there is little research on the value of using such policies in retail/e-tail companies. To fill this gap, this paper examines two aspects of the online fulfillment assignment decision that differ from current practice. We propose that online sales should be accumulated before they are assigned to a fulfillment site and that more inventory position information should be leveraged into the fulfillment decision. Specifically, we develop and evaluate a “quasi-dynamic” allocation policy that assigns accumulated online sales to fulfillment locations based on expected inventory, shipping, and customer wait costs. Computational results show that our policy can reduce costs (i.e., holding, backorder, transportation cost) at the fulfillment locations by as much as 23% on average over a commonly used transportation cost policy. In addition, postponing the allocation decision and allowing sales to accumulate can reduce inventory costs at the fulfillment sites by 14% over common practice of instantaneously assigning online sales responsibilities. The magnitude of the benefit depends critically on the number of allocations made each period and the fraction of total sales coming from the online channel. Although postponement delays receipt of online sales, our findings suggest that explicitly incorporating customer service in the allocation decision can improve product availability at little or no additional cost.     

利用Web Service实现电子化供应链管理

e化供应链是电子商务B2B模式的进一步延伸,如何低成本地实现企业间信息平台的无缝连接是实现e化供应链的关键。在分析了e化供应链技术要求的基础上,给出了基于Web Service的e化供应链解决方案,并对实现过程进行了讨论。     

System for supply network management

Strategies and algorithms for operational planning and control are quite important to successful operations of a supply network. Implementation of a strategy requires substantial information system support, but few detailed designs of such systems have appeared in the literature. We designed an information system for a centralized management concept that could handle any type of strategy or algorithm. We developed algorithms for two different strategies deemed important by researchers and practitioners, push and pull, and implemented them in system modules. This information system performed well in simulations of the management of operations of an example six-stage supply network. This system provides an example for operational development as well as a platform for laboratory experiments.     

A review of supply chain complexity drivers

Studies on supply chain complexity mainly use the static and dynamic complexity distinction. While static complexity describes the structure of the supply chain, the number and the variety of its components and strengths of interactions between these; the dynamic complexity represents the uncertainty in the supply chain and involves the aspects of time and randomness. This distinction is also valid when classifying the drivers of supply chain complexity according to the way they are generated. Supply chain complexity drivers (e.g., number/variety of suppliers, number/variety of customers, number/variety of interactions, conflicting policies, demand amplification, differing/conflicting/non-synchronized decisions and actions, incompatible IT systems) play a significant and varying role in dealing with complexity of the different types of supply chains (e.g., food, chemical, electronics, automotive).     

利用Web Service实现电子化供应链管理

e化供应链是电子商务B2B模式的进一步延伸,如何低成本地实现企业间信息平台的无缝连接是实现e化供应链的关键。在分析了e化供应链技术要求的基础上,给出了基于WebService的e化供应链解决方案,并对实现过程进行了讨论。     

PIP：供应链与B2B电子商务的实现规范

介绍正在制定的Internet上IT行业工展电子商务活动的规范PIP及其实现框架。随着Internet影响的日益扩大,Internet上的电子商务变成了目前最热门的话题。PIP规范会对在Internet上开展电子商务有一个很大的促进与推动作用。     

Semiconductor supply planning by considering transit options to take advantage of pre-productions and order cancellations

One of the objectives of supply planning is to find when and how many productions have to be started to minimize total cost. We aim to find the optimum. Base data like the length of transit time are important parameters to plan for the optimum start of production. In this research, we considered two kinds of transit options: normal transit and emergency transit, and we distinguished between planned and executed transit. The decision regarding which transit option to choose for the execution is trivial because emergency is only used when it is needed since normal transit is more cost efficient. However, for planning purpose, it is more difficult to decide which transit option should be used since the uncertainty in demand and supply between plan and execution can allow to plan an emergency transit but to execute the delivery with normal transit, which is a huge benefit in the competitive capital intensive semiconductor industry. If we planned an emergency, we can save inventory and production cost as we can delay the start of production. In contrast, we need pay additional transit cost in case that emergency transit is actually executed. Many characteristics of the semiconductor industry, which might be the front runner for many other industries, are considered in this model such as demand uncertainty, supply uncertainty and economic volatility. In our numerical experiments, we could gain the optimum, depending on each economic situation. Furthermore, we conducted sensitivity analysis of the effect of demand and supply uncertainties on total cost.     

考虑产品替代的供应链协调问题研究

替代品大大增加了企业间的竞争,使企业难以达到所期望的盈利水平.对供应链进行合理有效的管理可最大限度地促进企业适应当今多变的市场环境.人们对于产品的需求不仅仅取决于产品本身的价格,也取决于互补产品的价格.对此,构建一个以产品替代的供应链协调问题为研究目标,以两种供应链管理模式(集中供应链(CSC)和分散供应链(DSC))...     

Measuring supply chain resilience using a deterministic modeling approach

To achieve a competitive edge in an uncertain business environment where change is imperative, one of the significant challenges for an organization is to mitigate risk by creating resilient supply chains. This research proposes a model using graph theory which holistically considers all the major enablers of resilience and their interrelationships for analysis using an Interpretive Structural Modeling approach. The uniqueness of this model lies in its ability to quantify resilience by a single numerical index. The quantification of resilience will help organizations assess the effectiveness of various risk mitigation strategies. This will provide tools for managers to compare different supply chains while offering a deeper knowledge of how supply chain characteristics increase or decrease resilience and consequently affect supply chain risk exposure. Thus, the research supports organizations in measuring and analyzing supply chain resilience and facilitates supply chain decision-making. The proposed method could simplify the dynamic nature of environment for managing disruptions in a supply chain. This novel approach for determining the supply chain resilience index (SCRI) advocates the consideration of resilience aspects in supply chain design, thus giving a competitive advantage to achieve market share even during a disruption.     

Knowledge management for consumer-focused product design

As the automotive industry adopts a consumer focus in its product development strategy, it offers broader product ranges, shorter model lifetimes and the ability to process orders in arbitrary lot sizes. This offers the ability to conduct early product design and development trade-off analysis among these competing objectives. A distributed knowledge-based system, which analyzes, verifies, stores, and retrieves process definitions, is needed to manage the complexity of workflows. The use of information technologies and networking capabilities is essential in the dissemination of product knowledge in order to integrate the decision-making process among heterogeneous and distributed partners/units. This paper offers insights into a knowledge management approach that enables implementing a consumer-focused product design philosophy by integrating capabilities for intelligent information support and group decision-making utilizing a common enterprise network model and knowledge interface through shared ontologies. An automotive supply chain case study is utilized in illustrating the proposed approach.     

服务供应链管理中的价值协调问题研究——以社区服务为例

价值协调是服务供应链管理的核心问题.如何培育和发展社区服务产业,同样面对这个问题.从宏观的角度,使用价值分析模型来研究是否应将服务单位的利益放入到服务供应链之中进行协调,以及如何协调.结果证实了将服务单位的利益纳入到社区服务体系之中,有利于整个社区服务体系的价值提升,最后用数值实验验证了结论.     

Efficient heuristics for inventory placement in acyclic networks

The strategic safety stock placement problem is cast as a constrained separable concave minimization problem. Some network-specific algorithms do exist in the literature, but their utility is limited to small, sparse, and special supply chain network structures. In this paper, we present two efficient, easy-to-implement heuristic algorithms for placing strategic safety stock in general acyclic supply chain networks. The computational study demonstrates that the algorithms are able to obtain near-optimal (within 4% and 7% in average) solutions efficiently by solving a finite series of LPs (7%) or fixed-sized MIPs (4%). More importantly, their performance in terms of solution quality is nearly independent of the network size (for simulated instances with up to 100 stages). For general acyclic supply chain networks with 8000 nodes and 32,000 arcs, the LP-based algorithm typically finds solutions in under 5 minutes.     

基于敏捷供应链的工作流管理系统

针对敏捷供应链应用和企业间过程重组。文章分析了敏捷供应链过程管理与控制的基本模式。研究了敏捷供应链异构WfMS之间的互操作问题。提出了基于CORBA机制的敏捷供应链工作流管理系统集成框架ASC—WfMF。