BaCe0.8-xNbxGd0.2O3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)的制备及性能研究

采用高温固相反应法制备了质子导体BaCe_0.8-xNb_xGd_0.2O_3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)。结合XRD、SEM、EIS等技术对其物相、微观形貌、稳定性及电导率进行了研究。结果表明,在1 600 ℃烧结5 h制备的质子导体BaCe_0.8-xNb_xGd_0.2O_3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)均能保持主相为斜方晶的钙钛矿结构。Nb的加入可明显提高烧结样品的致密性及在CO₂和水蒸气气氛下的稳定性。在湿润H₂/Ar(0.4%,V/V)气氛中800 ℃下,x=0.1样品的电导率为5.73 mS·cm^-1,电导活化能为0.35 eV,与x=0的样品相当。     

Al掺杂Li-Ni-O系列电池正极材料的制备与性能研究

以Ni(NO₃)₂、Al(NO₃)₃和LiOH为原料，研究了一种制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂(x=0.025～0.30)新的共沉淀方法：在前驱体的制备过程中采用超声波振动，在焙烧前用无水乙醇保护前驱体，并在空气气氛下对前驱体进行焙烧。采用充放电测试、XRD和循环伏安研究了掺铝量、焙烧温度和时间、补锂量以及超声波振动对LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂性能及结构的影响。结果表明，在空气气氛中，正极材料LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂中Al的最佳含量为x=0.2，最佳焙烧温度为700 ℃，焙烧时间为16 h,补锂量为0.05(即：n_Li∶n_Ni+Al=1.05∶1)效果较好；并发现掺铝有利于形成和稳定α-NaFeO₂型层状有序结构。同时发现，超声波振动提高了电池材料的性能。     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Sm2-xCexCuO4的制备与性能研究

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成了新型中温固体氧化物燃料电池(ITSOFC)阴极材料Sm_2-xCe_xCuO₄(SCC，x=0.0～0.25)。利用XRD和SEM对材料的结构、化学稳定性和微观形貌进行分析表明，该阴极材料与电解质Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_1.9(CGO)在1 000 ℃烧结时不发生反应;且烧结2 h后，二者之间形成良好的接触界面。利     

固体电解质La2-xCaxMo1.7W0.3O9-δ(0≤x≤0.2)的合成、表征及电性能

在氧离子导体La₂Mo_1.7W_0.3O₉的基础上，采用固相法合成了La位掺杂的Ca系列新型氧化物La_2-xCa_xMo_1.7W_0.3O_9-δ(0≤x≤0.2)。通过XRD、Raman和XPS等手段对化合物结构进行表征，交流阻抗谱测试其电性能。结果表明：掺杂离子Ca²⁺的半径小于基质离子La³⁺的半径导致晶格收缩；Ca的掺杂在La₂Mo_1.7W_0.3O₉自身内置氧空位的基础上增加了额外的氧空位，提高了氧离子导体的电导率，550 ℃电导率由0.79 × 10^-4 S·cm^-1 (x=0.0)增加到1.5 × 10^-4 S·cm^-1 (x=0.16，0.2)，电导率增加89.9%。     

Mn1-x(Li,Ti)xCo2O4尖晶石型复合氧化物的制备、表征与催化性能

用柠檬酸配位燃烧法合成了Mn_1-x(Li,Ti)_xCo₂O₄系列尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂，使用FTIR和XRD方法对催化剂结构进行表征，通过程序升温氧化反应(TPO)技术对这些催化剂在模拟柴油机尾气条件下进行同时消除NO_x和柴油碳黑反应的活性评价。结果表明，掺杂Li或Ti后的Mn_1-x(Li,Ti)_xCo₂O₄系列催化剂仍然保持了完整的尖晶石型复合氧化物结构，这些催化剂对同时消除柴油机尾气中的碳黑颗粒和NO_x具有良好的催化性能，其中Li或Ti的掺杂量为x=0.05较佳，结合碳黑燃烧与NO_x还原总的催化效果，Mn_0.95Li_0.05Co₂O₄具有最好的催化活性。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.75-xCoxMn0.25O2的合成及电化学性能研究

以LiOH·H₂O、Ni(OAc)₂·4H₂O、Co(OAc)₂·4H₂O和MnO₂为原料，在水热反应釜中预处理，然后进行高温固相反应，合成了一系列锂镍钴锰氧化物LiNi_0.75-xCo_xMn_0.25O₂(x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电化学性能测试对所得样品的结构、形貌、粒径及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明，当x=0.20时，所合成的正极材料具有很好的α-NaFeO₂型层状晶体结构，晶胞参数a=0.286 1 nm，c=1.416 4 nm， V=0.100 4 nm³，以50 mA·g^-1的电流密度在3～4.3 V(vs Li/Li⁺)充放电时，首次放电比容量达172.5 mAh·g^-1，首次放电效率高达90.9%，30个循环后其放电比容量依然保持在161.1 mAh·g^-1。     

熔盐快速合成Pb1-xLaxTiO3粉体

采用全氧化物为原料，利用熔盐法合成了Pb_1-xLa_xTiO₃(0.0≤x≤0.40)，当x=0.45时，烧绿石相La₂Ti₂O₇出现。计算了合成反应活化能，并在700 ℃下在NaCl-KCl体系中仅用5 min就合成了Pb_0.9La_0.1TiO₃。Pb_1-xLa_xTiO₃陶瓷在0.00≤x<0.25时，晶体结构为四方相，在0.25≤x≤0.40时为立方相。采用700 ℃ NaCl-KCl和900 ℃的Na₂SO₄-K₂SO₄两种熔盐体系获得了尺寸分布集中的球形颗粒，这些表明熔盐法晶体生长为扩散控制生长机理。     

层状O2结构锂锰氧化物Li0.60[MgxCoyMn1-x-y]O2的制备及结构表征

本文采用离子交换法分别制备了双复合锂锰氧化物Li_0.60[Mg_xMn_1-x]O₂(0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.15)和三复合锂锰氧化物Li_0.60[Mg_xCo_yMn_1-x-y]O₂(x=0.05，0.05 ≤      

Ni-Cu-Mn-K/γ-Al2O3高温变换催化剂的结构和性能表征

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体，采用二步等体积浸渍法，制备了Ni-Cu-Mn-K/γ-Al₂O₃高温水煤气变换催化剂。采用低温氮吸附-脱附，DTA，XRD，H₂-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征，比较了载体、单组分、双组分、以及多组分浸渍的样品结构及各物种的存在形式，探讨了催化剂的活性相组成。结果表明，所制备的催化剂具有较大的比表面积，孔径呈介孔分布结构;低温时，催化剂活性相主要为高度分散的Cu、Ni、Ni-Cu-O、xCuO·yMnO₂和xNiO·yMnO₂复合氧化物;高温时，活性相可能为 xCuO·yMnO₂和xNiO·yMnO₂等复合氧化物。经530 ℃耐热15 h后催化活性测试结果分析认为，活性相xCuO·yMnO₂和xNiO·yMnO₂等复合氧化物提高了该催化剂的热稳定性。     

Ba0.4Sr0.6Co1-xFexO3-δ系阴极材料的制备和表征

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐(GNP)法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Ba_0.4Sr_0.6Co_1-xFe_xO_3-δ(x=0.0～0.8)系列粉体。利用XRD和SEM对材料的结构和微观形貌进行分析,用直流四端子法测量了烧结陶瓷体在中温(450～800 ℃)范围内的电导率。结果表明,制备的样品为单一钙钛矿相,随着Fe含量增加,XRD衍射峰值向高角度方向稍有偏移。电导率随着温度及Fe含量的变化出现极大值,在x＜0.2时,Ba_0.4Sr_0.6Co_1-xFe_xO_3-δ系列烧结体在中温(450～800 ℃)区的电导率,随Fe掺入量的增大而增大,x=0.2样品的电导率最高,800 ℃时达244.7 S·cm^-1,远超过文献报道值,进一步增大Fe含量导电性能变差。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.