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1.
Afaf Kamal-Eldin Lars Åke Appelqvist 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(2):149-156
Seeds from different collections of cultivatedSesamum indicum Linn and three related wild species [specifically,S. alatum Thonn.,S. radiatum Schum & Thonn. andS. angustifolium (Oliv.) Engl.] were studied for their oil contents and fatty acid composition of the total lipids. The oils from wild seeds
were characterized by higher percentages of unsaponifiables (4.9, 2.6 and 3.7%, respectively) compared toS. indicum (1.4–1.8%), mainly due to their high contents of lignans. Total sterols accounted forca. 40, 22, 20 and 16% of the unsaponifiables of the four species, respectively. The four species were different in the relative
percentages of the three sterol fractions (the desmethyl, monomethyl and dimethyl sterols) and in the percentage composition
of each fraction. Campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and Δ5-avenasterol were the major desmethyl sterols, whereas obtusifoliol, gramisterol, cycloeucalenol and citrostandienol were
the major monomethyl sterols, and α-amyrin, β-amyrin, cycloartenol and 24-methylene cycloartanol were the main dimethyl sterols
in all species. Differences were also observed among the four species in sterol patterns of the free sterols compared to the
sterol esters.Sesamum alatum contained less tocopherols (210–320 mg/kg oil), andS. radiatum andS. angustifolium contained more tocopherols (ca. 750 and 800 mg/kg oil, respectively) than didS. indicum (490–680 mg/kg oil). The four species were comparable in tocopherol composition, with γ-tocopherol representing 96–99% of
the total tocopherols. The four species varied widely in the identity and levels of the different lignans. The percentages
of these lignans in the oils ofS. indicum were sesamin (0.55%) and sesamolin (0.50%).Sesamum alatum showed 1.37% of 2-episesalatin and minor amounts of sesamin and sesamolin (0.01% each).Sesamum radiatum was rich in sesamin (2.40%) and contained minor amounts of sesamolin (0.02%), whereS. angustifolium was rich in sesangolin (3.15%) and also contained considerable amounts of sesamin (0.32%) and sesamolin (0.16%). 相似文献
2.
A. Kamal-Eldin G. Yousif G. M. Iskander L.-. Appelqvist 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1992,94(7):254-259
The fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol profile of seeds of three wild species of sesame viz, Sesamum alatum, Thonn., S. radiatum, Schum & Thonn. and S. angustifolium, (Oliv) Engl. were determined by capillary gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Results were compared with those obtained for different pure line and mixed genotypes of S. indicum, Linn., the overall world wide cultivated sesame. Oleic and linoleic acids are the major fatty acids in all samples. The wild species have slightly different saturated acid composition compared to S. indicum. S. alatum contained more palmitic acid (P) while S. radiatum and S. angustifolium contained more stearic acid. S. alatum also contained higher amounts of oleic acid (O) and lower amounts of linoleic acid (L). The major triacylglycerols were: LLO (20–25%), LLL (10–20%), LOO (15–19%), PLL (8–11%) and PLO (6–10%). S. alatum was also different from the other three species in having higher percentages of PLO (10.1%) and OOO (8.7%) compared to 6.3–8.1% of PLO and 3.4–4.9% of OOO in the other three species. 相似文献
3.
Lih-Ling Wang Andrew C. Peng Andrew Proctor 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(8):499-502
Lipids from five cultivars of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids (60–66%), glycolipids (20–22%) and phospholipids (14–18%). The major
fatty acids in all fractions were palmitic (16∶0), oleic (18∶1), linoleic (18∶2), and linolenic (18∶3) acids. All lipid classes
had a large concentration of C18 polyunsaturated acids (84–92%), indicating that blueberries are a rich source of linoleic and linolenic acids. Changes in
the fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids were not significantly different among the five cultivars,
but significant differences were noted in the ratios of linoleic and linolenic acids in the glycolipids fraction. 相似文献
4.
Hiromi Yoshida Yuka Tomiyama Naoko Yoshida Masayuki Saiki Yoshiyuki Mizushina 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2008,85(6):535-541
Seed oils from four legume cultivars of Vicia faba, grown in Japan, were extracted and classified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into eight fractions. The major lipid components
were triacylglycerols (TAG: 48.8–50.1%) and phospholipids (PL: 47.5–50.5%), while hydrocarbons (HC), steryl esters (SE), free
fatty acids (FFA), diacylglycerols (1,3- and 1,2-DAG) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) were present in minor proportions (1.8–2.4%).
All lipid samples had high amounts of total unsaturated FA, representing 79.7–82.8% and 77.6–79.7% for TAG and PL, respectively.
Molecular species and FA distributions of TAG, isolated from the total lipids in the broad beans, were analyzed by a combination
of argentation-TLC and GC. Fourteen different molecular species were detected. With a few exceptions, the main TAG components
were S2D (6.1–8.9%), SD2 (7.8–10.5%), SMT (6.3–8.5%), M2D (4.5–6.2%), MD2 (18.9–21.8%), D3 (21.0–23.9%) and MDT (8.1–10.2%) (where S, M, D, and T denote a saturated fatty acid, a monoene, a diene, and a triene, respectively).
These results suggest that the lipid classes, FA distributions and TAG molecular species of broad beans are not dependent
on the cultivation areas during the growing season. 相似文献
5.
W. M. N. Ratnayake R. Hollywood E. O'Grady J. L. Beare-Rogers 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(11):804-810
A combined capillary gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and infrared spectrophotometry (IR) method is described for the determination
ofcis andtrans-octadecenoic acids in margarines made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The totaltrans-unsaturation of margarine fatty acid methyl esters determined by IR, with methyl elaidate as the external standard, was correlated
to the capillary GLC weight percentages of the componenttrans fatty acid methyl esters by the mathematical formula: IRtrans=%18∶1t+0.84×%18.2t+1.74×%18∶2tt+ 0.84×%18∶3t where 0.84, 1.74 and 0.84 are the correction factors which relate the GLC weight percentages to the IRtrans-equivalents for mono-trans-octadecadienoic (18∶2t),trans, trans-octadecadienoic (18∶2tt) and mono-trans-octadecatrienoic (18∶3t) acids, respectively. This formula forms the basis for the determination of totaltrans-andcis-octadecenoic acids in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. From the weight percentages of 18∶2t, 18∶2tt and 18∶3t determined by capillary GLC on a cyanosilicone liquid phase and the totaltrans-unsaturation by IR, the percentage of the totaltrans-octadecenoic acids (18∶1t) is calculated using the formula. The difference between the total octadecenoic acids (18∶1), determined by capillary GLC,
and the 18∶1t gives the totalcis-octadecenoic acids.
Presented in part at the 81st Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Baltimore, Maryland, April 22–25, 1990. 相似文献
6.
Paresch Chandra Dutta Seved Helmersson Eshetu Kebedu Getinet Alema Lars-Åke Appelqvist 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(8):839-843
Niger seed samples were collected from different regions in Ethiopia for determination of oil content, and of fatty acid,
tocopherol and sterol composition in the seed oil by gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography
methods. There was a large variation in oil content, ranging from 29 to 39%. More than 70% of the fatty acids was linoleic
acid (18∶2) in all samples analyzed. The other predominant fatty acids were palmitic (16∶0), stearic (18∶0) and oleic (19∶1)
at a range of 6 to 11% each. Total polar lipids recovered after preparative thin-layer chromatography comprised a small fraction
of the total lipids. They had higher 16∶0 and lower 18∶2 contents than the triacylglycerols.α-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in all samples, 94–96% of the total amounting to 630–800 μg/g oil. More than 40%
of the total sterols wasβ-sitosterol,ca. 2000μg/g oil. The other major sterols were campesterol and stigmasterol, ranging from 11 to 14%. The Δ5- and Δ7-avenasterols were
in the range of 4 to 7%. From the samples studied, no conclusion could be drawn regarding the influence of altitude or location
on oil content, tocopherol and/or sterol contents. The results of the present study on niger seed oil are discussed in comparison
with known data for common oils from Compositae,viz, safflower and sunflower. 相似文献
7.
F. Jahaniaval Y. Kakuda M. F. Marcone 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2000,77(8):847-852
This paper reports the fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of five Amaranthus accessions (RRC1011, R149, A.K343, A.K432, and A. K433) representing two species and a cross between one of these and a third species. Seed oils of these were analyzed by
gas chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and their compositional properties compared
with buck-wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), corn (Zea mays), rice bran (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), sesame (Sesamum indicum), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), and cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) oils. All Amaranthus accessions were relatively high in palmitic (21.4–23.8%) and low in oleic (22.8–31.5%) and linolenic (0.65–0.93%) acids when
compared to most of the grain and seed oils. The fatty acid composition of Amaranthus accessions K343, K433, and K432 (group I) were different from R149 and RRC1011 (group II) in mono and polyunsaturated fatty
acids, but the saturate/unsaturate (S/U) ratios were very similar. All Amaranthus accessions were similar in TAG type, but showed slight differences in percentage. High similarities in UUU, UUS, and USS
composition were observed among Amaranthus K343, K433 and K432, and between R149 and RRC1011. The fatty acid compositions of Amaranthus oil (group I) and cottonseed oil were similar, but their TAG compositions were different. The grain and oilseed oils were
different from each other and from the Amaranthus accessions oils in terms of fatty acid composition, S/U, and TAG ratios. The UUU, UUS, and USS percentages were very diverse
in grain and seed oils. The percentages of squalene in the TAG sample from the Amaranthus accessions were 8.05% in K343, 11.10% in K433, 11.19% in K432, 9.96% in R149, and 9.16% in RRC1011. Squalene was also tentatively
identified in quinoa and ricebran oils at levels of 3.39 and 3.10%, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Cessation of polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in four selected filamentous fungi when grown on plant oils 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Four fungi,Conidiobolus nanodes, Entomophthora exitalis, Mortierella isabellina, andMucor circinelloides, were grown on various oils (triolein, sesame, safflower, linseed, and oil fromM. isabellina) and produced lipids in which the fatty acids were predominantly the same as those of the original staring substrate. Only
in the first two cases was there evidence of a small amount of chain elongation and of fatty acid desaturation taking place.
The extent of this was only about 10% of that seen in glucose-grown cells. The apparent repression of the fatty acid desaturases
and elongases was not reversed by growing cells on glucose and oils as mixed substrates—the fatty acid profiles were the same
as when the fungi had grown in oils alone. Neither was the cessation of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis due to the presence
of nonoil components (NOC) in the oil. Only the NOC from sesame oil affected one single conversion, that of 20∶3n-3 to 20∶4n–6.
We conclude that fatty acid desaturase and elongase systems are repressed either partially or completely in a filamentous
fungi grown on triacylglycerol oils. 相似文献
9.
Paul Angers Mario R. Morales James E. Simon 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(3):393-395
Content, fatty acid composition, and glyceride profile of oil from seeds of seven basil (Ocimum sp.) chemotypes were determined. The species studied includedO. basilicum, O. canum, O. gratissimum, andO. sanctum. The oil content ranged from 18 to 26%, with triglycerides comprising between 94 and 98% of extracted neutral lipids. The
major acylated fatty acids were linolenic (43.8–64.8%), linoleic (17.8–31.3%), oleic (8.5–13.3%), and palmitic acid (6.1–11.0%).
Linolenic acid was similar among the fourO. basilicum chemotypes (57–62%), highest inO. canum (65%), and lowest inO. sanctum (44%). Basil seed oil appears suitable as an edible oil or can be used for industrial purposes, and could be processed in
the same way as linseed oil. Preliminary calculations estimate that a hectare of basil could produce from 300 to 400 kg of
seed oil. 相似文献
10.
Open tubular gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) analyses of fatty acids from total lipids of 12 species of Echinoidea collected
at several locations along the Pacific coast of Japan showed the same unusualcis-5-olefinic acids in all species, i.e.,cis-5-octadecenoic acid (5–18∶1),cis-5-eicosenoic acid (5–20∶1), all-cis-5,11- and 5,13-eicosadienoic acids (5,11- and 5,13–20∶2), allcis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (5,11,14–20∶3) and all-cis-5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,11,14,17–20∶4). The structural analysis of partially purified 5,11,14,17–20∶4 was undertaken
by reductive ozonolysis with GLC and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of the products.13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the totals and fractions of fatty acid methyl esters from the sea urchin lipids did
not show any occurrence of fatty acids having an isolated olefinic bond in the 2, 3 or 4 positions. The 5-olefinic acids were
concentrated on the polar lipids rather than neutral lipids. The branched and odd chain fatty acid contents of mud-feeding
sea urchins were found to be relatively greater proportions of total fatty acids than in algae feeders. 相似文献
11.
The oil content and fatty acid composition of commercially important Turkish fish species (anchovy,Engraulis encrasicholus; freshwater rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri; and cultured salmon,S. salar) were determined. Palmitic (16∶0), palmitoleic (16∶1), oleic (18∶1), and docosahexaenoic (22∶6) acids were the most abundant
fatty acids in all species. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5) was twice as high in the anchovy oil as in the rainbow trout and
salmon oils. Significant quantities of linoleic acid (18∶2) and docosahexaenoic acids (22∶6) were found in both rainbow trout
and salmon samples. The individual fatty acid data obtained from rainbow trout and salmon were similar to each other. All
three fish species contain high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and would be suitable for inclusion in the formulation
of low-fat highly unsaturated diets. 相似文献
12.
Robert L. Wolff Eric Dareville Jean-Charles Martin 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(5):515-523
Triacylglycerols (TAG) were purified from the storage lipids extracted from the seeds of several conifer species (Taxus baccata, Larix decidua, Sciadopytis verticillata, and Juniperus communis), each species belonging to one of the four families Taxaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae, respectively. Each
species was characterized by a high content of 5,9-18:2, 5,9,12-18:3, 5,11,14-20:3, or 5,11,14,17-20:4 acids, respectively.
TAG were partially deacylated with ethylmagnesium bromide, and the resulting 1,2-, 2,3-diacylglycerols (DAG), and 2-monoacylglycerols
(MAG) were purified by thin-layer chromatography. 1,2- and 2,3-DAG were further fractionated by chiral column high-performance
liquid chromatography of the 3,5-dinitrophenylurethane derivatives. Alternately, TAG were subjected to porcine pancreatic
lipase, and the resulting 2-MAG were purified for further analysis. Gas-liquid chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters
prepared from the separated DAG and MAG, coupled with appropriate calculations, indicated that the Δ5-olefinic acids, irrespective
of the species, chainlengths and number of ethylenic bonds, were considerably enriched in the sn-3 position of TAG where they accounted for ca. 35 to 74 mole% of fatty acids esterified to this position (depending on the initial level of total Δ5-olefinic acids in TAG),
which corresponded to 79–94% of Δ5-olefinic acids esterified to the three positions. On the other hand, Δ5-olefinic acids
were less than 10% in the sn-2 position and less than 6% in the sn-1 position of TAG. This specific enrichment of Δ5-olefinic acids in the sn-3 position thus appears to be a general characteristic of conifer seed TAG. These results were extended to TAG from the seeds
of two pine species (Pinus koraiensis and P. pinaster) that are rich in Δ5-olefinic acids and available commercially on a ton-scale. 相似文献
13.
Rhodotorula gracilis CFR-1 has been evaluated for its potential to produce lipids. The yeast lipids closely resembled palmolein, a liquid fraction
of palm oil. It contained 2.3–3% free fatty acids, 64.4% tri-, 23.1% di-, and 6.1% mono-acylglycerols, 94.2% neutral and 5.8%
polar lipids. Most abundant fatty acids were C18∶1, C16∶0, C18∶2 and C18∶0 (43.8, 28.5, 13.5 and 4.5%). All fatty acids, irrespective
of the levels, followed definite patterns of increase or decrease during the advancement of fermentation. A pincers-shaped
curve was obtained when the total saturation and unsaturation were plotted. Use of different glucose and molasses-based media
did not show any significant overall effect on saturation (34.4–39.5%) and unsaturation (60.4–65.3%). Desaturation of fatty
acids was found to be a metabolic function occurring in the process of cell maturation. 相似文献
14.
A. Kamal-Eldin L. Å. Appelqvist G. Yousif 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(2):141-147
Different chromatographic methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS) and normal- and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were compared for their ability to separate
the different lignans present in fourSesamum species,viz., S. indicum Linn.,S. alatum Thonn., S. radiatum Schum & Thonn. andS. angustifolium (Oliv.) Engl. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, and a combination of methods is suggested for
qualitative analyses. Two-dimensional TLC was found to be a valuable qualitative technique and one-dimensional TLC is useful
for preparative purposes. GC is a good supplement for qualitative analysis, but it had many limitations as a quantitative
tool—it involves many preparative steps, no suitable internal standard was found to be commercially available and the various
lignans had markedly different response factors. GC/MS is a necessary techniqee to confirm the identity of the lignans present.
HPLC is a one-step technique suitable for quantitative analyses, and is fast and simple because it involves direct injection
of oil solutions. Reversed-phase HPLC was unable to separate sesamolin and sesangolin, but a normal-phase silica column provided
satisfactory separation for these two lignans. 2-Episesalation ofS. alatum, however, did not elute from the normalphase column. Once lignans are identified, a relevant HPLC method can be used for
quantitative analyses. Sesamin was present in large amounts inS. radiatum, in considerable amounts inS. indicum andS. angustifolium, and in small amounts inS. alatum. Sesamolin occurred in considerable amounts inS. indicum andS. angustifolium, but only in small amounts in the other two wild species studied.Sesamum alatum was characterized by high amounts of 2-episesalatin, andS. angustifolium was characterized by high levels of sesangolin. 相似文献
15.
Robert L. Wolff Laurent G. Deluc Anne M. Marpeau 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(6):765-771
The seed oils from twenty-five Conifer species (from four families—Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae, and Taxaceae) have
been analyzed, and their fatty acid compositions were established by capillary gas-liquid chromatography on two columns with
different polarities. The oil content of the seeds varied from less than 1% up to 50%. Conifer seed oils were characterized
by the presence of several Δ5-unsaturated polymethylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids (Δ5-acids) with either 18
(cis-5,cis-9, 18∶2,cis-5,cis-9,cis-12 18∶3, andcis-5,cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18∶4 acids) or 20 carbon atoms (cis-5,cis-11 20∶2,cis-5,cis-11,cis-14, 20∶3, andcis-5,cis-11,cis-14,cis-17 20∶4 acids). Pinaceae seed oils contained 17–31% of Δ5-acids, mainly with 18 carbon atoms. The 20-carbon acids present
were structurally derived from 20∶1n-9 and 20∶2n-6 acids. Pinaceae seed oils were practically devoid of 18∶3n-3 acid and did
not contain either Δ5-18∶4 or Δ5-20∶4 acids. Several Pinaceae seeds had a Δ5-acid content higher than 50 mg/g of seed. The
only Taxaceae seed oil studied (Taxus baccata) had a fatty acid composition related to those of Pinaceae seed oils. Cupressaceae seed oils differed from Pinaceae seed
oils by the absence of Δ5-acids with 18 carbon atoms and high concentrations in 18∶3n-3 acid and in Δ5-acids with 20 carbon
atoms (Δ5-20∶3 and Δ5-20∶4 acids). Δ5-18∶4 Acid was present in minute amounts. The highest level of Δ5-20∶4 acid was found
inJuniperus communis seed oil, but the best source of Δ5-acids among Cupressaceae wasThuja occidentalis. Taxodiaceae seed oils had more heterogeneous fatty acid compositions, but the distribution of Δ5-acids resembled that found
in Cupressaceae seed oils. Except forSciadopytis verticillata, other Taxodiaceae species are not interesting sources of Δ5-acids. The distribution profile of Δ5-acids among different
Conifer families appeared to be linked to the occurrence of 18∶3n-3 acid in the seed oils. 相似文献
16.
Robert L. Wolff Frédérique Pédrono Anne M. Marpeau Frank D. Gunstone 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1999,76(4):469-473
The fatty acid compositions of the seeds from four Cephalotaxus species or varieties (plum yews; Cephalotaxaceae) and two Podocarpus species (podocarps; Podocarpaceae) have been established. These compositions were compared with those previously published
for some Taxaceae species (Taxus and Torreya). Cephalotaxaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Taxaceae belong to the Taxares suborder. Δ5-Olefinic acids are present in the seed
lipids from all species analyzed. In Cephalotaxus, Podocarpus, and Torreya, the prominent Δ5-olefinic acid that occurs is the trienoic acid 5,11,14–20:3 (sciadonic) acid, comprising from 6.7 to 26.4%
of total fatty acids. In these species, the Δ5,11 structure is largely favored over the Δ5,9 structure: the 5,9–18:2 (taxoleic)
and 5,9,12–18:3 (pinolenic) acids are at the limit of detection, in contrast to Taxus and most Pinaceae species, where these two Δ5-olefinic acids generally predominate. 14-Methylhexadecanoic acid, an habitual
though minor component of Pinaceae and Ginkgo biloba seed lipids, could not be detected in Cephalotaxus species studied here and was tentatively identified in trace amounts only in one Podocarpus species. In addition to sciadonic acid, Cephalotaxus and Podocarpus seeds are characterized by unusually high amounts of 11,14–20:2 acid, in the range of 3.1–12.0%. This contrasts with most
of the 170 species of conifers analyzed so far (from the families Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae, Taxaceae, and Sciadopityaceae,
which belong to the Pinares suborder), where this acid is generally ≤2%. A close resemblance between Torreya grandis and three of the Cephalotaxus species analyzed might be indicative of some phyletic relationship between the families Cephalotaxaceae and Taxaceae. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the seed oils from C. drupaceae and P. andinus has shown that Δ5-olefinic acids are apparently excluded from the internal position of triacylglycerols, which is a characteristic
common to all Coniferales species analyzed so far, and consequently of great antiquity. 相似文献
17.
Open-tubular gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in the lipids from the seeds of 20 species of Gymnospermae showed
that they all contained nonmethylene-interrupted polyenoic (NMIP) acids as minor components and palmitic, oleic, linoleic
and α-linolenic acids as major components. The NMIP acids have an additional 5,6-ethylenic bond in ordinary plant unsaturated
fatty acids and the following C2 elongation acids:cis-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid (5,9–18∶2) (I); 5,9,12–18∶3 (II); 5,9,12,15–18∶4, 5,11–20∶2, 5,11,14–20∶3 (III); and 5,11,14,17–20∶4
(IV). The main NMIP acids found in neutral lipids are I in two species ofTaxus, II in seven species of Pinaceae, III in two species of Podocarpaceae,Torreya nucifera, Cycas revoluta, andGinkgo biloba, and III and IV in each of three species of Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae. The polar lipids constitute the minor fraction
of seed lipids in general. The content and composition of NMIP acids in these lipids differe considerably from those in neutral
lipids. Analysis of the partial cleavage products of triacylglycerols showed that the NMIP acids distribute mainly in the
1,3-position. 相似文献
18.
The total lipid and fatty acid compositions of tissues and the stomach contents of three subtropical marine fish species,
subfamily Caesioninae, Caesio diagramma and C. tile, and family Siganidae Siganus canaliculatus, were investigated to clarify the differences between these species. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were the dominant depot lipids
of the three species, whereas wax esters were found as a minor component. In particular, muscle lipids were found to contain
mainly glycerol derivatives such as TAG and phospholipids. The major fatty acids identified in the three species were 16∶0,
18∶0, 18∶1n−9, and 22∶6n−3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). In addition, noticeable levels of 16∶1n−7, 18∶1n−7, 20∶4n−6 (arachidonic
acid, AA), and 20∶5n−3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) were found. DHA was the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in
the muscle and viscera lipids of the three species. The high DHA levels in the lipids of all the organs were found to be higher
than those of the lipid extracted from the stomach contents of the three fishes. In addition, the specimens of S. canaliculatus contained significantly higher levels of AA in its tissues than did the other two species. A high AA content is unusual since
such high levels of n−6 PUFA are rarely found in higher marine organisms. These levels may be due to its characteristic feeding
pattern, because S. canaliculatus prefer and mainly feed on seaweed, which often contains high amounts of n−6 PUFA, such as linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) and AA. 相似文献
19.
Milan Čertík Peter Andráši Ján Šajbidor 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(3):357-365
The effect of extraction procedures on the lipid yield and fatty acid composition of total lipid and main lipid structures
(phospholipids, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and sterol esters) of fungal biomass (Mucor mucedo CCF-1384) containing γ-linolenic acid (GLA) was investigated. Seventeen extraction methods, divided into three groups, were
tested: six with chloroform/methanol, five with hexane/alcohols, and six with common solvents or mixtures. The chloroform/methanol
procedure (2∶1) was selected as standard, where lipid yield (TL/DCW, total lipid per dry cell weight) was 17.8%, considered
to be 100% of lipids present. All chloroform/methanol extractions yielded more than 83% recorvey of lipids. Use of hexane/isopropanol
solvent systems led to a maximum of 75% recovery. The best lipid yield was achieved by a two-step extraction with ethanol
and hexane (120%). Extraction efficiency of the other solvent systems reached a maximum of 73%. Triacylglycerols were the
main structures of lipid isolated; only methanol-extracted lipid contained 58.5% phospholipids. The fatty acid content of
total recovered lipid was variable and depended on both the lipid class composition and the solvent system. GLA concentrations
in total lipids isolated by hexane/alcohol procedures (7.3–10.7%) are comparable with classical chloroform/methanol systems
(6.5–10.0%). The maximal GLA yield was obtained with chloroform/methanol/n-butanol/water/0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (2∶1∶1∶1∶0.1, by vol) and after two-step extraction with ethanol
and hexane (14.3 and 13.7 g GLA/kg DCW, respectively). The highest GLA content was analyzed in the phospholipid fraction (16.1%)
after using chloroform/methanol/n-butanol/water/0.1 M EDTA (2∶1∶1∶1∶0.1, by vol). Remarkably low concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids were determined
in the free fatty acid fraction. 相似文献
20.
Hiromi Yoshida Yuka Tomiyama Megumi Tanaka Yoshiyuki Mizushina 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2007,109(6):600-607
Seed oils from four legume cultivars of Pisum sativum, grown in Japan, were extracted and classified by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) into seven fractions: hydrocarbons (HC; 0.5–0.9 wt‐%), steryl esters (SE; 0.8–2.4 wt‐%), triacylglycerols (TAG; 31.2–40.3 wt‐%), free fatty acids (FFA; 1.3–2.7 wt‐%), 1,3‐diacylglycerols (1,3‐DAG; 1.0–1.8 wt‐%), 1,2‐diacylglycerols (1,2‐DAG; 1.0–2.2 wt‐%) and phospholipids (PL; 52.2–61.3 wt‐%). All lipid samples had high amounts of total unsaturated fatty acids, representing 75.0–84.3 wt‐% for TAG and PL. Molecular species and fatty acid distributions of TAG, isolated from the total lipids in the peas, were analyzed by a combination of argentation‐TLC and GC. Eighteen different molecular species were detected. With a few exceptions, the main TAG components were SMD (7.5–10.3 wt‐%), M2D (8.0–8.9 wt‐%), SD2 (12.0–18.3 wt‐%), SMT (9.8–11.0 wt‐%), MD2 (12.0–20.3 wt‐%), SDT (9.7–10.8 wt‐%), M2T (2.5–7.3 wt‐%) and D3 (14.5–15.2 wt‐%) (where S denotes a saturated fatty acid, M denotes a monoene, D denotes a diene, and T denotes a triene). It seems that the four cultivars were highly related to each other based on the fatty acid composition of the TAG as well as the distribution profiles in the different TAG molecular species. In general, these results suggest that there are no essential differences (p >0.05) in the oil components among the four cultivars. 相似文献