超声速气流中凹槽结构煤油喷射和掺混研究

针对凹槽超声速气流中的喷射掺混现象开展了实验和数值计算研究。实验中采用了高速阴影法和PLIF(Plane laser induced fluorescence)方法详细地记录了实验现象。结合高速阴影得到的喷射和掺混随时间的流动变化过程,分析了其流动结构和机理。针对在凹槽内喷射的方案研究了喷射压力(1.0 MPa,3.0 MPa,4.0 MPa)、喷射角度(45°,90°)、来流总压和马赫数对掺混的影响。结果表明:在高速气流中,煤油破碎雾化机理依赖于大速度差、强剪切气流作用。煤油雾化区和来流空气混合边界存在涡结构。对小孔(d=0.4 mm)喷射,即使在高压(4.0 MPa)垂直喷射条件下,煤油射流产生的弓形激波强度也较弱。由于剪切层的存在导致上述参数变化对煤油穿透深度的影响较小。     

液体射流喷入横向气流混合特性研究进展简

 随着低污染燃烧技术的发展,液体射流在横向亚声气流中的液雾混合特性越来越受到关注。因此对液体射流在横向亚声气流中的研究进展进行了综述,综述内容主要包括3个方面：液体射流在横向气流中雾化破碎;液体射流的穿透深度;液雾在横向气流中的散布和输运。大部分研究工作是针对单个直射式液体射流喷入均匀横向气流中的,也有研究考察了燃油脉动、气流不均匀或者旋转气流条件下射流在横向气流中的混合特性,然而对多喷射点或气动雾化直射式喷嘴形成的液雾在横向气流中的混合特性的研究工作开展的相对较少。最后对液体射流在横向气流中的国内外试验研究工作进行了简要的概括。通过对国内外相关研究进展的概括,并且以先进航空发动机低排放燃烧室中的雾化方式为背景,提出了液体横向射流混合特性研究应进一步完善的工作内容。     

液体射流喷入横向气流混合特性研究进展

随着低污染燃烧技术的发展,液体射流在横向亚声气流中的液雾混合特性越来越受到关注。因此对液体射流在横向亚声气流中的研究进展进行了综述,综述内容主要包括3个方面：液体射流在横向气流中雾化破碎;液体射流的穿透深度;液雾在横向气流中的散布和输运。大部分研究工作是针对单个直射式液体射流喷入均匀横向气流中的,也有研究考察了燃油脉动、气流不均匀或者旋转气流条件下射流在横向气流中的混合特性,然而对多喷射点或气动雾化直射式喷嘴形成的液雾在横向气流中的混合特性的研究工作开展的相对较少。最后对液体射流在横向气流中的国内外试验研究工作进行了简要的概括。通过对国内外相关研究进展的概括,并且以先进航空发动机低排放燃烧室中的雾化方式为背景,提出了液体横向射流混合特性研究应进一步完善的工作内容。     

燃油直接喷射入横向气流中雾化机理数值研究

采用商业软件Fluent对燃油直接喷射入横向气流中的破碎雾化过程进行数值模拟,选用欧拉-欧拉方法中的VOF（volume of fluid）耦合level-set方法模拟气液两相流动.数值模拟了横向气流中燃油直接喷射射流破碎雾化过程及其相应流场信息,分析了流场结构对液柱破碎雾化过程的影响,获得了横向气流中射流破碎点位置以及射流穿透深度,并与试验数据进行了对比.数值计算结果表明:①采用VOF耦合level-set算法能够较好地模拟射流喷入横向气流中燃油破碎雾化过程;②由于反向旋转的涡对的存在,使得液膜和液滴沿着展向（y向）输运,对于液滴的二次雾化起到促进作用;③射流液柱总是在喷嘴下游约8倍直径处开始破碎,且破碎点位置取决于喷嘴几何特性.      

横喷射流与空气混合增强的试验研究

提出利用垂直横喷射流引入流向旋涡来增强氢和空气的混合。射流中心剖面速度分布和射流轴线最大速度衰减的五孔探针测量结果表明,单孔射流与来流空气的动量比越大,混合越迅速。二维射流的混合要比三维射流差的多。单排多孔射流在一定的孔面积和流量比下,协调孔距、通道高度和射流动量比的关系,就可获得射流与来流空气的最佳混合,然后据此确定喷孔直径和数目。首次引入三维垂直射流旋涡穿透深度的概念,这比最大速度穿透深度更具实际意义。     

煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射的实验观察

本文目的是研究煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射问题,并与静止和亚声速气流中的结果进行对比。改造普通油嘴并采用单次高压燃油喷射系统,得到不同延时的流场阴影照片。结果表明：在超声速气流中,射流柱破碎是由迎风面的表面波引起的,破碎点位于表面波的波谷。雾化过程过分四个区域。射流激波由近射流柱的迎风面,并在人壁反射,非定常喷射的波系演化复杂。煤油在亚声速气流中喷射,不存在射流激波,破碎点沿射流柱上移,穿透深     

等离子体控制边界层法流动仿真研究

使用泊松方程、漂移-扩散模型和N-S方程对介质阻隔面放电等离子体控制边界层流动进行了一体化数值模拟.仿真结果表明介质阻隔面放电等离子体通过推-拉空气可以对低速气流进行控制,正向推力和反向拉力均可以在距壁面一定高度处形成射流,正向射流自身增加边界层动量,更重要的是通过引射主流将主流中的能量输运到边界层中,从而减小边界层厚度;反向射流与来流相撞后形成回流区将边界层向外推,能够增加边界层厚度.     

等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速的实验

为揭示等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速的作用机理及影响因素,对静止空气条件下的诱导气流速度进行了测量.实验结果表明:等离子体气动激励启动瞬间形成启动涡,随即旋涡向下游运动并最终演化为近壁面射流;激励电压增大时,诱导气流速度增大,近壁面射流的射程增加;激励频率增大时,诱导气流速度变化不明显;多组电极激励器诱导的气流速度周期性地先增大后减小,并且诱导气流加速的效果沿流向方向逐渐减弱.      

等离子体控制边界层流动仿真研究

使用泊松方程、漂移-扩散模型和N-S方程对介质阻隔面放电等离子体控制边界层流动进行了一体化数值模拟。仿真结果表明介质阻隔面放电等离子体通过推-拉空气可以对低速气流进行控制,正向推力和反向拉力均可以在距壁面一定高度处形成射流,正向射流自身增加边界层动量,更重要的是通过引射主流将主流中的能量输运到边界层中,从而减小边界层厚度;反向射流与来流相撞后形成回流区将边界层向外推,能够增加边界层厚度。     

热载与进口气流条件对柱肋通道换热的影响

目前关于燃气涡轮叶片冷却的实验研究多数是在常温常压进口气流和低壁温条件下进行的,而实际燃气涡轮叶片的冷却气流为来自于压气机的高温高压空气,且涡轮叶片壁面热载（定义为加热壁面壁温与冷却气流进口温度之比）很高。为了掌握热载与进口气流条件对于涡轮叶片尾缘内部冷却通道的冷却效果的影响,本文在考虑空气物性随温度变化的情况下,采用数值模拟方法进行了相关的计算和分析。计算选取了两种进口气流条件（常温常压、高温高压）,热载为1.1-1.9,进口气流雷诺数为5×103-1×105。计算结果表明,进口气流雷诺数一定的情况下,随着热载的增大,通道内换热能力降低,流动阻力系数增大;与常温常压进口气流条件相比,高温高压进口气流条件导致通道努塞尔数降低,并且努塞尔数在高热载条件的降低更为显著;在进口气流雷诺数为60000的条件下,高温高压进口气流、热载为1.9的条件下通道的努塞尔数比与常温常压进口气流条件、热载为1.1条件下通道的努塞尔数降低了15.8%,且随着进口气流雷诺数的提高,通道换热的削弱程度进一步增大。本文的研究表明,涡轮叶片的冷却设计必须考虑叶片冷却的实际条件,并对实验数据结果进行合理修正。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.