国际变应性鼻炎和哮喘的变应原特异性免疫治疗简明指南介绍

全球过敏反应和哮喘欧洲协作网(Global Allergy and Asthma European Network,GA2LEN)特别工作组,针对变应性鼻(结膜)炎和哮喘进行变应原特异性免疫治疗(allergenspecific immunotherapy,SIT)中最常见的问题,参考1998年发表的关于SIT的欧洲过敏反应和免疫学会(European Academy of Allergy and Immunology,EAACI)意见书、WHO意见书[1]、2001年和2008年两版变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响(allergic rhinitis and its impacts on asthma,ARIA)指南等文件,经过2次讨论会达成了共识,随后该共识经过35位GA2LEN专家的审阅,于2010年正式发表,名为变应性鼻炎和哮喘的SIT简明指南(指南)[2].该指南所涉及的问题与临床实践密切相关,包括:患者选择、变应原产品、SIT的途径和治疗注意事项等.     

国内外最新听力学文献解析

西方听力学（Audiology）起源于二次世界大战结束后．至今已有七八十年的发展历史．我国的听力学也在近20年迅速发展起来．通过对听力学文献的检索和分析可以清楚地了解其发展历程。20世纪90年代我国的听力学还处于起步时期，听力学文章较为分散．李成建教授于1998年对我国1995～1997年听力学方面的105种期刊文献作了初步调查，共计619篇。     

生态效度和听力学

前几期听力学小词典陆续介绍了听力学发展的一些新趋势和最新研究成果，比如互动助听器技术．专业听力检测设备．NOAH音响设备调试指导等．在读者中引起了较大反响。大家关心的是为什么听力学越来越关注技术与人之间的关系、技术与环境之间的关系．甚至人与环境之间的关系。当代听力学的发展似乎离单纯的实验室更远，而离现实世界更近：听力学家使用的测试手段更像是在模拟现实环境中所遇到的困难，     

An analysis of commitments made by student clinicians in speech-language pathology and audiology

This study identified and classified commitments made by student clinicians in speech-language pathology and audiology supervisory conferences and provides a methodology for documenting change in supervisees' behavior as a result of supervisory interaction. Five different types of commitments were isolated and served as the basis of the Commitment Classification System. They included clinical procedures, clinical process administration, supervisory procedures, supervisory process administration, and academic information/teaching function. The independent variables were condition (written agreement or no written agreement between supervisee and supervisor), order of conditions, experience level of supervisee, week number within each condition, and type of commitments. Frequency data were collected for 6 consecutive weeks. The resulting 1,389 commitments made by 64 student clinicians in 384 individual conferences at 12 universities were analyzed within a multiple analysis of variance. Significant findings (p less than .05) indicated that the greatest number of commitments made involved planning, analysis, and evaluation of the clinical process with particular attention on client behavior; and the number of commitments made was a function of written accountability and order of conditions.     

An introduction to the measurement of sound.

The need for greater interest and participation in hearing conservation on the part of otolaryngologists, audiologists, and others is growing. Ever increasing numbers of people are being handicapped by noise induced hearing impairment. This costly damage is not curable but is preventable. Complaints of noise or annoyance must be investigated, and the primary tool for investigation is the sound level meter. It can be used by anyone with some basic knowledge to identify hazardous noise levels. Understanding the parts of the meter, the standards governing its construction, the basic steps in reading hazardous noise levels, including sources of error, methods of reporting the readings and knowing where expert assistance is available form the basis for monitoring hazardous noise levels. The following references contain material that can be used for additional study and sources of professional help. The number of publications dealing with noise has, as with the number of instruments and companies dealing with noise, risen sharply in the last three years. The sources listed constitute only a small portion of those available. These are selected for their detailed information, or their concrete and practical approach in providing immediately useful information, and for their usefulness as sources for further study materials or help with your hearing conservation program.     

21世纪耳科学和听力学展望

21世纪的到来给各行业带来了挑战和机遇，尽管我们很难预料100年后耳科学和听力学会发展成何种模式，但是根据历史发展的规律，当今科技发展的动态，我们仍然可以设想一些领域的趋势。本文综合国外文献，并结合国内外专家和作者几次直接讨论的结果，将耳科学和听力学在21世纪发展趋势的主要观点介绍如下。     

康复听力学及其康复措施

随着我国听力学专业杂志的创刊发行、听力学专业书籍的编纂出版和听力学学历教育的稳步发展,听力学作为一门新兴的交叉学科正在健康快速成长。而如何合理补偿听障者的听力损失,并最大程度地恢复其由于听力损失而造成的损害(言语障碍、交流障碍、心理障碍、社会行为障碍、就业障碍等),将是听力学工作中一项重要而终极的任务和目标,这也正是康复听力学所承担的任务所在。目前,全数字助听器选配工作在我国大中城市全面展开,接受多导人工耳蜗植入者已达3000人左右,听力言语语言训练机构的数量在不断增加。这些情况表明,康复听力学领域正在发生着…     

Exposure to disability and hearing loss narratives in undergraduate audiology curriculum

PURPOSE: To determine whether exposure to disability and hearing loss narratives increased undergraduate communication sciences and disorders (CSD) students' affective responses to scenarios of individuals with hearing impairment. METHOD: Thirty-five CSD undergraduates responded to 8 scenarios (K. English, L. L. Mendel, T. Rojeski, & J. Hornak, 1999). Sixteen students completed a course in audiologic rehabilitation with no exposure to disability and hearing loss narratives; 19 students completed the same course with exposure. Two audiologists, independent and blind to group status, rated the 35 student responses for affective and technical content. RESULTS: Students exposed to the narratives incorporated more affective elements into their technical responses than students not exposed. CONCLUSIONS: Narratives appear to be effective in increasing affective elements in students' technical/informational responses and may have a place and be of value in undergraduate CSD curriculum.