抗埃博拉病毒疫苗和核酸类药物研究进展

埃博拉病毒（EBOV）致病性和传染性强,死亡率高,常在西非热带地区暴发流行。目前相应的抗病毒药物和疫苗正加紧研发。 EBOV疫苗依据抗原递送方式主要可分为3类,包括基于非复制性病毒载体的疫苗、基于复制性病毒载体的疫苗和基于病毒蛋白抗原的疫苗。ChAd3-ZEBOV和VSV-EBOV是最具潜力的抗埃博拉疫苗。随着埃博拉病毒感染分子基础研究的深入,抗埃博拉病毒的核酸和核苷类似物药物也成为研究热点。     

埃博拉病毒的防治进展

2014年2月,埃博拉病毒在西非爆发,短短几个月内蔓延至多国,引起世界卫生组织的高度关注。目前还没有有效的针对
埃博拉病毒感染的防治疫苗及药物。本文综述了埃博拉病毒的流行情况,生物学特性,可能的药物靶点以及研究中的疫苗和药
物,期望对埃博拉病毒的防治研究进展有一个较全面的认识。
     

埃博拉病毒及其致病性

埃博拉病毒病是一种人畜共患烈性传染病。2014年初至9月,埃博拉病毒病已在非洲6个国家流行。埃博拉病毒是埃博拉病毒病的病原体,人群对该病毒无免疫力,普遍易感,且该病毒致死率高、无特异治疗方法和特效疫苗。对埃博拉病毒的深入了解和研究,将对今后防治埃博拉病毒病提供科学依据,本文就埃博拉病毒及其致病性作一综述。     

埃博拉出血热动物模型研究进展

埃博拉出血热是由埃博拉病毒引起的一种急性出血性传染病,具有极高的传染性,致死率高达50%～88%,目前对埃博拉出血热的预防还极为困难,暂无有效的抗病毒药物和疫苗。构建埃博拉出血热的动物模型,对于病毒致病机理的了解和深入研究,以及治疗药物及疫苗的研发具有至关重要的作用。     

国内外埃博拉病毒相关文献的研究热点与发展趋势

利用Bicomb、SPSS、Citespace等分析软件,以中国知网和Web of science核心合集收录的国内外埃博拉病毒研究文献为数据来源,提取高频关键词并绘制聚类树图、突变关键词共现网络图与作者机构国家合作网络图,对比分析国内外埃博拉病毒研究现状,探测国内外埃博拉病毒领域的研究热点与发展趋势。结果显示,相较国外的快速发展,国内埃博拉相关研究领域尚处于初期阶段,应不断加强我国与国外前沿研究机构及学者之间的交流合作,进一步加快我国抗埃博拉疫苗与抗病毒治疗方面的研究进程。     

抗埃博拉病毒抗体的研究进展

埃博拉出血热于2014至2016年在西非大爆发,近3万人感染,1万多人死亡,造成了全球恐慌。埃博拉出血热由属于生物安全4级的埃博拉病毒感染导致,致死率高达90%。目前治疗埃博拉出血热的疫苗和药物尚处于实验阶段,本文将简述抗埃博拉病毒的抗体药物研究进展。     

国际

全球埃博拉疫苗被批准应用 9月4日,世界卫生组织（WH0）在日内瓦举行的国际会议中呼吁,应加强制药公司与监管机构的协作,加速安全有效的埃博拉病毒冶疗药物和疫苗的研发工作。WHO还提出,现已有8种试验性冶疗药物和2种候选疫苗显示出潜在的抗病毒作用,但均仍处于研发阶段。资料显示,美国Mapp生物制药公司研制的抗体药物ZMapp巳被用于埃博拉患者的冶疗,但临床效果尚属未知。     

国内外埃博拉病毒相关研究的对比分析

采用共词矩阵、聚类分析等数据挖掘方法分析了Pub Med和"中国知网"收录的埃博拉病毒相关文献进行分析。对比国内外埃博拉病毒领域研究现状,分析了该领域国内外研究热点、重要作者及其合作网络、国家与地区,提出了我国应持续关注埃博拉病毒研究、加强疫苗研究、加强与国外埃博拉病毒学者的合作等建议。     

埃博拉出血热的诊治进展

埃博拉出血热( Ebola hemorrhagic fever,EBHF)是由埃博拉病毒( Ebola virus,EBOV)引起的当今世界上最致命的病毒性出血热,死亡率为50%~90%。 EBHF于1976年首次出现在苏丹南部和刚果(金)的埃博拉河地区,很快以其高度传染性的暴发流行和高度致死性引起各国学者的高度关注[1-2]。迄今为止,尚无任何针对埃博拉出血热的人类商用特效治疗药物和预防疫苗。据世界卫生组织12月31日公布的最新数据显示,埃博拉疫情已导致20206人疑似或确诊感染,其中7905人死亡。本文将主要从病原学、发病机制、临床诊断、治疗与预防等方面对EBHF的诊治新进展做简单综述。     

抗埃博拉病毒治疗性抗体研究进展

埃博拉病毒(EBOV)是一种烈性病毒,能够引起人类和灵长类动物发生埃博拉病毒病,死亡率高达50%~90%。它的生物安全等级为4级,高于艾滋病和严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS),后二者均为3级。2014年以来,EBOV在西非蔓延,已经夺去了数千人的生命。目前,在研的针对EBOV的防治药物包括疫苗、小分子药物和抗体等,其中抗体药物以其相对安全、靶向特异、副作用小等特点而倍受关注。国际上已经报道了16F6、KZ52等多株单抗,以及MB-003、ZMAb和ZMapp等在体内展现出优于单一抗体疗效的"鸡尾酒抗体组合"。实验性抗体ZMapp在应急条件下用于EBOV感染者的治疗,疗效显著;在中国,类似的抗体组合MIL77也完成应急储备,可在应急条件下用于患者治疗。本文将简述抗EBOV治疗性抗体的研究进展。     

Ebola virus disease: past,present and future

Ebola virus disease is one of the most deadly ailments known to mankind due to its high mortality rate(up to 90%) accompanying with the disease. Ebola haemorrhagic fever(EHF) is an infectious disease of animal that can be transmitted to both human and non-human primates. The first epidemic of EHF occurred in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The incubation period of ebola is less than 21 days. Ebola virus infections are depicted by immune suppression and a systemic inflammatory response that leads to damage of the vascular, coagulation and immune systems, causing multi-organ failure and shock. Five genetically distinct members of the Filoviridae family responsible for EHF are as follows: Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, C?te d'Ivoire ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus and Reston ebolavirus. The ongoing 2014 West Africa ebola epidemic has been considered as the most serious panic in the medical field with respect to both the number of human cases and death toll. The natural host for ebola virus is unknown, thus it is not possible to carry out programs to regulate or abolish virus from transmission to people. The ebola virus infection provides little chance to develop acquired immunity causing rapid progression of the disease. It is pertinent to mention that at present, there is no antiviral therapy or vaccine that is helpful against ebola virus infection in humans. The impediment of EHF necessitates much better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease, particularly the role of wildlife, as well as bats, in the spread of ebola virus to humans.     

埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒的研究进展

埃博拉病毒可以引起一种人畜共患烈性传染病,即埃博拉出血热,此病于1976年始发于埃博拉河流域,并且于该区域严重流行,故而得名。人类一旦感染埃博拉病毒,死亡率可高达88%,从而引起医学界的广泛关注,世界卫生组织已将埃博拉病毒列为对人类危害最为严重的病毒之一。深入地了解埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒,及其致病机理,对于埃博拉出血热的预防和控制具有非常重要的意义。     

Key features of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a review

The current outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa has become a devastating problem, with a mortality rate around 51%; over 3 132 deaths have been confirmed and even more are expected in this case. The virus causes a characteristic disease known as hemorrhagic fever. Its symptoms range from nonspecific signs such as fever, to more specific problems such as serious bleeding. Transmission occurs easily when a person comes in contact with contaminated fluids. Treatment is supportive because there are still no specific drugs for use. The present review focuses on the main features related to the Ebola virus, its transmission, pathogenesis, treatment and control forms. There is little in-depth knowledge about this disease, but its severity requires attention and information to prevent a worse scenario than the current.     

ANIMAL MODEL OF RABBITS FOR RESEARCHING EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

This study reveals that the rabbit is susceptible to all epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus strains isolated from both wild rodents and humans with epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Specific fluorescence for epi- demic hemorrhagic fever virus antigen was detected in many kinds of rabbit tissue, especially in the spleen, small intestine and pancreas on the 7th-13th day of experimental infection. Using fluorescence antibody positive lungs of wild rodents, epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus can easily be isolated in rabbits as well as Apodemus agrarius. Viremia was detected in rabbits on the 4th6th day after inoculation of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus. Epidemic he- morrhagic fever virus strains can be serially passaged in rabbits. Therefore, the rabbit provides a new animal model for the isolation and propagation of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus and for testing the safety of epidemic hemorrhagic fever vaccine.     

Ebola viral selenoproteins:a metallomics analysis

Ebola virus infection is the present public health problem.The trend of worldwide epidemic becomes the serious consideration for this infection.The Ebola virus infection has main clinical manifestation as acute febrile illness with hemorrhagic episode.The problem of hemostatic disturbance can be seen.Focusing on the palhophysiology.selenium plays an important role in the blood clotting regulation.The study on the selenoprotein of the Ebola virus can be useful for further understanding on the pathology of the infection.Here,the authors use metallomics analysis for assessment of Ebola virus genome.According to this study,the selenoprotein portion within Ebola virus genome can be detected at position 1046-1115.     

The Ebola virus: a review of progress and development in research

The Ebola virus was identified in the year 1976 and has caused periodic outbreaks in West African countries. The disease has a case fatality rate up to 90%. Ebola has been classified as a biosafety level four pathogen and there is no currently approved vaccine or treatment for the virus. However, remarkable progress has been demonstrated by researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of the Ebola virus. Several animal models have been cultivated to develop diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutic drugs.     

埃博拉出血热的研究新进展

埃博拉出血热是一种烈性传染病,病死率高达90％。该病自1976年首次在前扎伊尔和苏丹发生流行至今,共发生比较有影响的疫情9次,流行或散发病例多次。今年2月以来,几内亚暴发埃博拉出血热疫情,并逐渐蔓延至利比里亚、塞拉利昂和尼日利亚四国。截至2014-08-13,西非国家累计报告病例2127例,死亡1145例。目前疫情仍在进一步扩散,引起了世界的广泛关注。该文对埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒的研究进展进行综述。     

Ebola viral disease: a review literature

Ebola virus is transmitted to people as a result of direct contact with body fluids containing virus of an infected patient. The incubation period usually lasts 5 to 7 d and approximately95% of the patients appear signs within 21 d after exposure. Typical features include fever,profound weakness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramping, nausea and vomiting for 3-5days and maybe persisting for up to a week. Laboratory complications including elevated aminotransferase levels, marked lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia may have occurred.Hemorrhagic fever occurs in less than half of patients and it takes place most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms progress over the time and patients suffer from dehydration, stupor, confusion, hypotension, multi-organ failure, leading to fulminant shock and eventually death. The most general assays used for antibody detection are direct IgG and IgM ELISAs and IgM capture ELISA. An IgM or rising IgG titer(four-fold) contributes to strong presumptive diagnosis. Currently neither a licensed vaccine nor an approved treatment is available for human use. Passive transfer of serum collected from survivors of Junin virus or Lassa virus, equine IgG product from horses hypervaccinated with Ebola virus, a "cocktail"of humanized-mouse antibodies(ZMapp), recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor,activated protein C, RNA-polymerase inhibitors and small interfering RNA nano particles are among the therapies in development. Preclinical evaluation is also underway for various vaccine candidates. One is a chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine; other vaccines involve replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 and recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus.     

埃博拉病毒病——病死率极高的人畜共患病

埃博拉病毒病是由埃博拉病毒感染引起人和灵长类动物的一种以发热和出血为主要临床特征的烈性传染病。本病于1976年首次发现于非洲的扎伊尔和苏丹地区,此后在非洲造成多次大规模流行,其中2014—2016年西非暴发的疫情是有史以来规模最大、最复杂的埃博拉疫情,导致的病例和死亡人数超过了历次疫情病例和死亡人数的总和,截至2022年共报告约3.5万例埃博拉病毒病病例,死亡约1.5万例。埃博拉病毒病在非洲大流行期间还外溢至美洲和欧洲等非洲大陆以外地区,成为世界关注的公共卫生问题。2022年在非洲乌干达和刚果共和国再次出现该病流行,引起了全世界的广泛关注。本文对埃博拉病毒病的历史、流行病学分布、病毒感染途径、患者临床症状、诊断、治疗以及预防与控制等方面进行系统总结,为国内相关工作者提供参考。     

《6种输入性传染病预防控制指南和临床诊疗方案》解读（一）埃博拉出血热

本文就埃博拉出血热的病原学,流行病学,临床表现,诊断,治疗及预防作扼要阐述。