准噶尔盆地白家海－五彩湾地区侏罗系基准面旋回划分及隐蔽油气藏

白家海一五彩湾地区位于准噶尔盆地东北缘，侏罗系构造圈闭不发育，隐蔽油气藏已成为主要勘探目标。为满足隐蔽油气藏勘探的需要，提高储集层、隔层预测的精度，根据高分辨率层序地层学基准面旋回原理，通过钻井、测井和地震资料综合分析，在侏罗系识别出12个基准面升降的转换面，根据基准面旋回划分，将侏罗系自下而上划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ等6个三级层序、11个四级层序。根据精细地层对比分析，侏罗系隐蔽油气藏的圈闭主要是位于层序Ⅲ基准面下降期湖退三角洲前缘砂体和层序Ⅴ、Ⅵ基准面上升期的河道砂体。图3参18     

准噶尔盆地白家海-五彩湾地区侏罗系基准面旋回划分及隐蔽油气藏

白家海—五彩湾地区位于准噶尔盆地东北缘,侏罗系构造圈闭不发育,隐蔽油气藏已成为主要勘探目标。为满足隐蔽油气藏勘探的需要,提高储集层、隔层预测的精度,根据高分辨率层序地层学基准面旋回原理,通过钻井、测井和地震资料综合分析,在侏罗系识别出12个基准面升降的转换面,根据基准面旋回划分,将侏罗系自下而上划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ等6个三级层序、11个四级层序。根据精细地层对比分析,侏罗系隐蔽油气藏的圈闭主要是位于层序Ⅲ基准面下降期湖退三角洲前缘砂体和层序Ⅴ、Ⅵ基准面上升期的河道砂体。图3参18     

辽河东部凹陷古近系层序地层格架及成因分析

本文以地震剖面、测井／录井资料为基础,运用Cross提出的以基准面为参照面的高分辨率成园地层学理论,采用基准面旋回上升和下降二分法,在该凹陷古近系内部识别出3个二级层序界面及5个三级层序界面,建立了辽河盆地东部凹陷古近系高分辨层序地层等时格架,并划分出两个长期基准面旋回和7个中期基准面旋回。在此基础上,研究了不同构造演化阶段的沉积地层充填样式和沉积体系展布,分析了地层格架的主要控制因素,并预测了各层序格架内部有利储集体的发育与分布。指出该凹陷两翼古水系发育,是扇三角洲或浊积扇体发育的有利地区,为寻找隐蔽油气藏指明了方向。     

塔中地区中上奥陶统礁、滩相隐蔽圈闭研究

根据基准面旋回变化控制层序形成和展布的有关规律，并结合钻井、测井和地震等资料，综合分析建立了塔中地区奥陶系的层序地层格架，共包括5个三级层序。该地区中、上奥陶统可分为3个三级层序，沉积旋回总体显示出不对称的特点，海平面以上升过程为主。钻井证实，在层序地层格架中，塔中地区奥陶系有着多种类型的隐蔽圈闭（古岩溶圈闭、生物礁圈闭等）。其中礁、滩相隐蔽圈闭的发育在纵向上受基准面旋回变化的制约，形成于各层序单元的下部；在平面上受海平面以及古隆起、坡折带等古地貌格局的双面控制，主要发育在碳酸盐岩台地边缘，分布于两个相带，一个是碳酸盐岩台地内的地形由平坦向较陡处转折的斜坡带，另一个是碳酸盐岩台地向台地斜坡过渡的台地边缘。     

准噶尔盆地中部侏罗系层序地层格架

应用层序地层学地层基准面的原理和方法，综合研究准噶尔盆地中部钻井、测井及地震资料，确定层序界面的识别标志，在盆地中部侏罗系识别出两种层序界面类型(不整合面和沉积作用转换面)，在井一震标定的基础上建立了层序地层格架。准噶尔盆地中部侏罗系发育5个具有等时意义的层序界面，将其划分为4个长期基准面旋回，分析侏罗系不同层序基准面上升期与下降期地层叠加样式及沉积相、微相构成，确定三工河组是盆地中部最重要的勘探目的层系，其储集层类型主要为三角洲前缘河口坝和水下分支水道．有利储集相带的展布与所处层序地层位置密切相关，主要分布于基准面上升期。图6参9     

井震约束下高分辨率层序地层划分与对比——以准噶尔盆地石南地区为例

准噶尔盆地石南地区高分辨率层序地层研究起步较晚,全区连片三维地震高分辨率层序地层研究程度较低。应用层序地层学原理和方法,根据岩心、测井、录井识别出最大洪泛面及具有暴露标志、各种冲刷面、进积到退积的转换面为标志的超长期、长期和中期基准面旋回界面。在钻井层序划分的基础上,充分利用地震资料,制作地震合成记录,识别地震层序界面,划分地震层序。研究结果：侏罗系三工河组-下白垩统清水河组划分出3个超长期基准面旋回（Ⅱ级层序）、7个长期基准面旋回（Ⅲ级层序）和16个中期基准面旋回（Ⅳ级层序）,在井震约束下建立了石南地区研究层段高分辨率层序地层等时格架。     

准噶尔盆地滴南凸起八道湾组煤系沉积环境及层序

从煤系地层沉积序列特征、沉积环境分析入手,探讨了准噶尔盆地下侏罗统八道湾组的聚煤环境,其中,可容空间变化速率与泥炭沉积速率保持平衡关系的持续时间,是形成稳定分布煤层的主控因素。认为该煤层具有等时性,可作为层序边界。建立了侏罗系八道湾组层序地层模式,为高精度地层对比和岩性油气藏的勘探提供了依据。     

基于沉积基准面概念的层序划分——以濮城油田南区沙二上亚段2＋3砂层组为例

沉积基准面是一个用于描述沉积作用上限和侵蚀作用下限的动态平衡面，其旋回变化控制着陆相层序地层的形成与演化，也就是说层序的成因是沉积基准面变化所引起的。沉积基准面作为可容纳空间的制约变量和沉积物通量影响因素的响应，其升降运动必然引起沉积物类型、堆积样式、地层厚度等的变化，这些正是依据基准面旋回进行层序划分和层序组成特征分析的理论依据。据此，对濮城油田南区沙二上亚段2＋3砂层组进行了层序划分，将其分为5个中期基准面旋回和21个短期基准面旋回。     

高分辨率层序地层学在保山盆地永铸街凸起构造-沉积演化中的应用

通过对滇西保山盆地永铸街凸起的地震、钻测井和露头资料的综合研究,结合前人对保山盆地构造演化的研究成果,利用高分辨率层序地层学原理分析了保山盆地的构造演化特征。指出在保山盆地的演化过程中,由于盆地受到喜山运动的影响,造成该地区长期处于拉张或短期局部逆转挤压的环境中而不断地沉降或局部短期抬升,基准面也随之发生反复的升降变化,并引起了可容纳空间发生相应的增加或减少。认为盆地充填序列按古构造运动旋回可划分为3个超层序(或Ⅲ级层序组),并分别与盆地演化的阶段相对应,在超层序内部可划分出8个Ⅲ级层序。结合前人对保山盆地拉张史和沉降史的研究成果,以基准面旋回为研究基础,以超长周期基准面旋回为周期,以长周期为成因地层单元,论述了基准面变化与层序发育特征、层序分布模式、沉积体系类型和盆地充填演化序列及其与沉积相带的关系。     

河湖沉积体系层序地层学研究

河湖沉积体系层序发育的直接因素是地层基准面的变化，在其不同部位基准面变化的影响因素存在差异，地层接触关系，河道砂体的叠置方式，冲积下切作用以及古土壤面可以用来识别层序边界；河湖沉积准层序的划分基础是短期地层基准面的变化，其识别标志包括岩性特征，测井曲线特征及其内部构成特征，准层序有3种类型，即基准面上升准层序，基准面下降准层序和复合型准层序，它们在准层序的演化过程中呈现规律性变化。     

Significance of Coal Seam in Recognition of Sequence Boundaries and Systems Tract of the Jurassic in East Fukang Slope, Junggar Basin, China

1. Introduction The East Fukang Slope is located in the east of the Changji Sag and on the junction of the middle-south of the Zhangbei Fault-fold Zone and the Baijiahai Salient in the northeast of the Junggar Basin, Northwest China, with an area of about 5,000 square kilometres (Fig. 1). When the Jurassic was deposited, a huge slope with a north-south dip was formed, which consisted of the Wucaiwan Sag, front of the Kelameili Mountain piedmont, the Baijiahai Salient and the East Fuka…     

川东北五宝场地区侏罗系沙溪庙组沉积特征

根据基准面旋回变化原理,利用野外露头、钻井、测井和地震地层切片等资料,对川东北五宝场地区侏罗系沙溪庙组二段开展了层序结构分析和不同可容空间下河道构成特征及河型转换模式等方面的研究。研究结果表明：(1)川东北五宝场地区侏罗系沙溪庙组二段主要发育1个三级及3个四级基准面旋回,各四级层序在低可容空间下为厚层、叠置箱形砂体,随着基准面上升,可容空间增大,到层序顶部过渡为相对孤立的砂体沉积;(2)沙二段沉积时期,研究区气候干燥,砂岩粒度大、成熟度低,发育强水动力构造,地震剖面上为平行反射,河流相沉积特征明显,发育多个低可容空间下的间断正韵律相互叠置的辫状河沉积体系及高可容空间下具“二元”结构的曲流河沉积体系;(3)沙二段河流相地层自下而上具有“辫—曲”转换特征,低可容空间下,砂体大面积展布,地震地貌上表现为相互叠置的辫状河河道,当基准面迅速上升时,可容空间增大,地震地貌上表现为相对孤立的曲流河河道;(4)研究区可容空间和沉积物供给比值（A/S）主要受大巴山物源区强烈的构造活动及温暖潮湿向炎热干旱的气候变化影响。     

THE MESOZOIC SEQUENCE IN SOUTH-WEST IRAN AND ADJACENT AREAS

New outcrop and subsurface data from SW Iran have permitted a review of the stratigraphy of the area to the SW of the Zagros Crush Zone and a comparison with neighbouing areas. The Triassic sequence consists mainly of an evaporite and dolomite sequence in the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf which is the extension of the evaporite basin of Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Towards the high Zagros in the northeast, the evaporites are replaced by dolomites. Two unconformities are found at the base and top of the Triassic. The Jurassic in Fars and eastern Khuzestan consists of an argillaceous interval representing early Liassic time, overlain by a thick development of neritic carbonates of early to late Jurassic age. An evaporite unit developed in the upper Jurassic is present in coastal/subcoastal areas of Fars and eastern Khuzestan and is the north-eastwards extension of Hith Anhydrite of Saudi Arabia. The end of the Jurassic was marked by uplift and erosion, giving rise to an unconformity over a large area. In western Khuzestan and Lurestan, the Lower Jurassic is a sequence of alternating evaporites and dolomites. The Middle Jurassic is represented by deeper water bituminous shales and argillaceous limestones of the Sargelu Formation, which is cut by a regional unconformity in this area. The Upper Jurassic is represented by the evaporites of the Gotnia Formation which is terminated by the possible Upper Jurassic unconformity. The Jurassic sequence of this area can be correlated well with that of eastern Iraq. In the high Zagros area to the south of the Crush Zone, the Jurassic consists of a thick development of shelf carbonates with no evaporites. The Cretaceous System in SW Iran is divided into Lower (Neocomian-Aptian), Middle (Albian-Turonian) and Upper (Coniacian-Maastrichtian). The Lower Cretaceous is mainly made up of two shelf carbonate unit separated by shales in Fars and eastern Khuzestan. Towards Lurestan, the carbonates pass into deeper water black shales and limestones with radiolaria. The top of the Lower Cretaceous is marked by a regional unconformity in Fars and the Persian Gulf area. The Middle Cretaceous began with a transgression forming the shales and limestones of the Kazhdumi Formation which was followed by a shallowing of the sea and the deposition of Cenomanian and Turonian shelf carbonates over the entire area of Fars and Khuzestan. The Lurestan basin retreated northwards and northwestwards and covered only central Lurestan during Albian- Turonian time, with the deposition of dark grey to black shales and pelagic limestones of the Garau and the Oligostegina bearing limestones of the Sarvak Formation. At least two pronounced regional unconformities have been recognized, between the Cenomanian and Turonian and between the Turonian and Coniacian. The Upper Cretaceous is represented by limestones at the base and a transgressive shale unit at the top, which is terminated by a regional unconformity at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Isopach and lithofacies maps of various units and correlations of outcrop and subsurface sections indicate several important unconformities and facies changes in SW Iran during the course of the Mesozoic. The general stratigraphy of the region shows similarities to the Mesozoic sequence of Iraq and Saudi Arabia, with a gradual facies change from carbonates to sandstone towards Saudi Arabia. This change is most evident in the Upper Triassic and in the Barremian-Cenomanian. The Upper Cretaceous sequence of SW Iran changes from mainly argillaceous sediments of deeper marine environment into carbonates of shallow water origin towards Saudi Arabia. The correlation of the Mesozoic sequence of SW Iran with those to the northeast of the Zagros Crush Zone indicates a rather abrupt change from the Upper Triassic onwards.     

华北黄骅坳陷层序地层学研究——以白水头-唐家河地区Es1-Nm为例

根据层序地层学理论，对地质、钻井、测井及地震等资料进行综合分析，将华北黄骅坳陷白水头-唐家河地区的沙河街组一段（Es₁）-明化镇组（Nm）地层划分为2个一级层序，4个二级层序，从下向上依次为：层序Ⅰ（对应于沙河街组一段）、层序Ⅱ（对应于东营组）、层序Ⅲ（对应于馆陶组）、层序Ⅳ（对应于明化镇组）。其中层序Ⅰ和Ⅱ为湖泊相层序，分为低位（LST）、湖扩展（EST）和高位（HST）等3个沉积体系域；层序Ⅲ和Ⅳ为河流相层序，分为基准面上升和基准面下降等2个沉积体系域。在此基础上，分析了湖泊相和河流相层序的沉积特征，总结了本区层序地层的发育模式。最后指出，层序Ⅰ的HST，层序Ⅱ的LST，层序Ⅲ的基准面上升体系域为本区最有利的油气勘探目标层段；层序Ⅳ主要发育岩性圈闭。     

松辽盆地北部侏罗系煤层分布规律初步分析

侏罗系沙河子组是松辽盆地北部主要聚煤层位。构造运动平稳的环境有利于形成厚度较大的煤层,煤层主要分布于东部断块起伏区,聚煤环境以河湖三角洲为主。利用地震资料可以确定煤层的反射特征及煤层的分布范围。      

A STRATIGRAPHIC REVIEW OF THE LATE CALLOVIAN TO OXFORDIAN INTERVAL,FISHER BANK BASIN AREA (UK SECTOR,CENTRAL NORTH SEA)

The Middle to Upper Jurassic succession of six wells in the Fisher Bank Basin area has been reviewed within a consistent biostratigraphic framework. Significant, but age‐equivalent, vertical and lateral facies changes across the area have been demonstrated and a number of controlling factors are discussed. Several candidate Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFSs) have been recognised, and various approaches to sequence stratigraphy in the Central North Sea are assessed. This has been particularly focused on the J40/J50 sequence boundary (top Middle Oxfordian) of Rattey and Hayward (1993) and its position with respect to the MFS picks of various authors. New analyses across the Port‐an‐Righ Ironstone MFS from an onshore outcrop and its correlation to the northern Moray Firth indicate that this may not be represented by the high gamma feature widely correlated throughout the Central North Sea, as the latter seems to occur at a slightly older level; it might occur as a more subdued feature, which is difficult to pick on logs in more heterogeneous settings. Sporomorph EcoGroup (SEG) analysis has allowed discussion of miospore assemblage fluctuations in response to various environmental factors such as climate change or sea level/base level fluctuations. Using marine palynomorphs whose distribution is essentially independent of lithology, detailed and consistent sub‐division and correlation of important Fulmar Formation reservoir sands allows direct comparison with the Heather and Kimmeridge Clay Formations in more distal settings. The transition from Fulmar Formation sands (reservoir) to Heather Formation shales (caprock) within the Armada Complex and SW Seymour gas fields is shown to be equivalent to an intra‐Kimmeridge Clay event in more distal wells. The current study emphasises the importance of having in place a dependable and well‐tested regional biostratigraphic framework as a basis for stratigraphic interpretation.     

新疆准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系砂岩成岩作用及其孔隙演化特征

本文重点叙述了下侏罗统三工河组、中侏罗统西山窑组、头屯河组砂岩的成岩作用及成岩作用序列,在此基础上介绍了成岩作用对孔隙演化的控制及其特征。研究表明,具有经济效益的孔隙保留时期是浅埋藏阶段及深埋次生孔隙形成之后。     

新疆准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系砂岩成岩作用及其孔隙演化特征

本文重点叙述了下侏罗统三工河组、中侏罗统西山窑组、头屯河组砂岩的成岩作用及成岩作用序列,在此基础上介绍了成岩作用对孔隙演化的控制及其特征。研究表明,具有经济效益的孔隙保留时期是浅埋藏阶段及深埋次生孔隙形成之后。     

准噶尔盆地南缘前陆褶皱冲断带构造滑脱层厘定

准噶尔盆地南缘前陆褶皱冲断带位于天山造山带北侧,经历了多期构造演化的叠加,形成了不同类型的构造滑脱层。构造滑脱层的存在不仅是制约该区盖层滑脱型构造样式形成演化的关键因素,而且也是造成深层与浅层构造不协调的主要原因。通过大量地表露头的观察和地震资料的解释,系统识别和厘定了中二叠统芦草沟组和红雁池组、下侏罗统八道湾组、中侏罗统西山窑组、白垩系吐谷鲁群、古近系安集海河组和新近系塔西河组等共6个与大套泥岩、膏泥岩和煤系地层相关的主要构造滑脱层。不同地区往往发育有一个或多个构造滑脱层,层位上具有自东向西逐渐变新的趋势。构造滑脱层的识别和厘定对该区构造建模和准确落实地下含油气构造具有重要意义。      

扇三角洲相高分辨率层序地层研究——以克拉玛依油田百21井区克上组油藏为例

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