Topological speed limits to network synchronization

We study collective synchronization of pulse-coupled oscillators interacting on asymmetric random networks. We demonstrate that random matrix theory can be used to accurately predict the speed of synchronization in such networks in dependence on the dynamical and network parameters. Furthermore, we show that the speed of synchronization is limited by the network connectivity and remains finite, even if the coupling strength becomes infinite. In addition, our results indicate that synchrony is robust under structural perturbations of the network dynamics.     

Explosive synchronization in clustered scale-free networks: Revealing the existence of chimera state

The collective dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators with a positive correlation between the incoherent and fully coherent domains in clustered scale-free networks is studied. Emergence of chimera states for the onsets of explosive synchronization transition is observed during an intermediate coupling regime when degree-frequency correlation is established for the hubs with the highest degrees. Diagnostic of the abrupt synchronization is revealed by the intrinsic spectral properties of the network graph Laplacian encoded in the heterogeneous phase space manifold, through extensive analytical investigation, presenting realistic MC simulations of nonlocal interactions in discrete time dynamics evolving on the network.     

Shuttle-run synchronization in mobile ad hoc networks

In this work, we study the collective dynamics of phase oscillators in a mobile ad hoc network whose topology changes dynamically. As the network size or the communication radius of individual oscillators increases, the topology of the ad hoc network first undergoes percolation, forming a giant cluster, and then gradually achieves global connectivity. It is shown that oscillator mobility generally enhances the coherence in such networks. Interestingly, we find a new type of phase synchronization/clustering, in which the phases of the oscillators are distributed in a certain narrow range, while the instantaneous frequencies change signs frequently, leading to shuttle-run-like motion of the oscillators in phase space. We conduct a theoretical analysis to explain the mechanism of this synchronization and obtain the critical transition point.     

Detecting synchronization in coupled stochastic ecosystem networks

Instantaneous phase difference, synchronization index and mutual information are considered in order to detect phase transitions, collective behaviours and synchronization phenomena that emerge for different levels of diffusive and reactive activity in stochastic networks. The network under investigation is a spatial 2D lattice which serves as a substrate for Lotka-Volterra dynamics with 3rd order nonlinearities. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the system spontaneously organizes into a number of asynchronous local oscillators, when only nearest neighbour interactions are considered. In contrast, the oscillators can be correlated, phase synchronized and completely synchronized when introducing different interactivity rules (diffusive or reactive) for nearby and distant species. The quantitative measures of synchronization show that long distance diffusion coupling induces phase synchronization after a well defined transition point, while long distance reaction coupling induces smeared phase synchronization.     

Synchronization of coupled oscillators on small-world networks

We investigate the synchronous dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators and van der Pol oscillators on Watts-Strogatz type small-world networks. The order parameters to characterize macroscopic synchronization are calculated by numerical integration. We focus on the difference between frequency synchronization and phase synchronization. In both oscillator systems, the critical coupling strength of the phase order is larger than that of the frequency order for the small-world networks. The critical coupling strength for the phase and frequency synchronization diverges as the network structure approaches the regular one. For the Kuramoto oscillators, the behavior can be described by a power-law function and the exponents are obtained for the two synchronizations. The separation of the critical point between the phase and frequency synchronizations is found only for small-world networks in the theoretical models studied.     

Consequential noise-induced synchronization of indirectly coupled self-sustained oscillators

We consider the dynamics of identical self-sustained oscillators coupled via a common linear system (beam), which is perturbed by noise. We demonstrate that increasing the noise intensity induces complete synchronization between the oscillators and, surprisingly, their in-phase synchronization with the beam. This new phenomenon of in-phase synchronization of both the oscillators and the oscillating beam arises when the noise intensity exceeds a threshold value, and can not appear in the deterministic case where the beam stably oscillates in anti-phase with the synchronized oscillators (as it is in the case of the Huygens clocks synchronization). Similar behavior persists for slightly non-identical oscillators.     

Collapse of Synchronization in a Memristive Network

For an oscillating circuit or coupled circuits,damage in electric devices such as inductor,resistance,memristor even capacitor can cause breakdown or collapse of the circuits. These damage could be associated with external attack or aging in electric devices,and then the bifurcation parameters could be deformed from normal values. Resonators or signal generators are often synchronized to produce powerful signal series and this problem could be investigated by using synchronization in network. Complete synchronization could be induced by linear coupling in a two-dimensional network of identical oscillators when the coupling intensity is beyond certain threshold. The collective behavior and synchronization state are much dependent on the bifurcation parameters. Any slight fluctuation in parameter and breakdown in bifurcation parameter can cause transition of synchronization even collapse of synchronization in the network. In this paper,a two-dimensional network composed of the resonators coupled with memristors under nearestneighbor connection is designed,and the network can reach complete synchronization by carefully selecting coupling intensity. The network keeps synchronization after certain transient period,then a bifurcation parameter in a resonator is switched from the previous value and the adjacent resonators(oscillators) are affected in random. It is found that the synchronization area could be invaded greatly in a diffusive way. The damage area size is much dependent on the selection of diffusive period of damage and deformation degree in the parameter. Indeed,the synchronization area could keep intact at largest size under intermediate deformation degree and coupling intensity.     

Noise enhanced phase synchronization and coherence resonance in sets of chaotic oscillators with weak global coupling

The effect of noise on phase synchronization in small sets and larger populations of weakly coupled chaotic oscillators is explored. Both independent and correlated noise are found to enhance phase synchronization of two coupled chaotic oscillators below the synchronization threshold; this is in contrast to the behavior of two coupled periodic oscillators. This constructive effect of noise results from the interplay between noise and the locking features of unstable periodic orbits. We show that in a population of nonidentical chaotic oscillators, correlated noise enhances synchronization in the weak coupling region. The interplay between noise and weak coupling induces a collective motion in which the coherence is maximal at an optimal noise intensity. Both the noise-enhanced phase synchronization and the coherence resonance numerically observed in coupled chaotic R?ssler oscillators are verified experimentally with an array of chaotic electrochemical oscillators.     

Collapse of Synchronization in a Memristive Network

For an oscillating circuit or coupled circuits, damage in electric devices such as inductor, resistance, memristor even capacitor can cause breakdown or collapse of the circuits. These damage could be associated with external attack or aging in electric devices, and then the bifurcation parameters could be deformed from normal values. Resonators or signal generators are often synchronized to produce powerful signal series and this problem could be investigated by using synchronization in network. Complete synchronization could be induced by linear coupling in a two-dimensional network of identical oscillators when the coupling intensity is beyond certain threshold. The collective behavior and synchronization state are much dependent on the bifurcation parameters. Any slight fluctuation in parameter and breakdown in bifurcation parameter can cause transition of synchronization even collapse of synchronization in the network. In this paper, a two-dimensional network composed of the resonators coupled with memristors under nearest- neighbor connection is designed, and the network can reach complete synchronization by carefully selecting coupling intensity. The network keeps synchronization after certain transient period, then a bifurcation parameter in a resonator is switched from the previous value and the adjacent resonators (oscillators) are affected in random. It is found that the synchronization area could be invaded greatly in a diffusive way. The damage area size is much dependent on the selection of diffusive period of damage and deformation degree in the parameter. Indeed, the synchronization area could keep intact at largest size under intermediate deformation degree and coupling intensity.     

Synchronization in complex networks with a modular structure

Networks with a community (or modular) structure arise in social and biological sciences. In such a network individuals tend to form local communities, each having dense internal connections. The linkage among the communities is, however, much more sparse. The dynamics on modular networks, for instance synchronization, may be of great social or biological interest. (Here by synchronization we mean some synchronous behavior among the nodes in the network, not, for example, partially synchronous behavior in the network or the synchronizability of the network with some external dynamics.) By using a recent theoretical framework, the master-stability approach originally introduced by Pecora and Carroll in the context of synchronization in coupled nonlinear oscillators, we address synchronization in complex modular networks. We use a prototype model and develop scaling relations for the network synchronizability with respect to variations of some key network structural parameters. Our results indicate that random, long-range links among distant modules is the key to synchronization. As an application we suggest a viable strategy to achieve synchronous behavior in social networks.     

Local effects in synchronization on an extended network model

We investigate collective behaviors of coupled phase oscillators on an extended network model which can develop two fundamentally different topologies, scale-free or exponential. Each component of the network is assumed as an oscillator and that each interacts with the others following the Kuramoto model. The order parameters that measure synchronization of phases and frequencies are computed by means of dynamic simulations. It is found that system's collective behaviors exhibit strong dependence on local events: addition of new links will improve network synchronizability while rewiring of links will decrease synchronization.     

Phase synchronization between collective rhythms of globally coupled oscillator groups: noiseless nonidentical case

We theoretically study the synchronization between collective oscillations exhibited by two weakly interacting groups of nonidentical phase oscillators with internal and external global sinusoidal couplings of the groups. Coupled amplitude equations describing the collective oscillations of the oscillator groups are obtained by using the Ott-Antonsen ansatz, and then coupled phase equations for the collective oscillations are derived by phase reduction of the amplitude equations. The collective phase coupling function, which determines the dynamics of macroscopic phase differences between the groups, is calculated analytically. We demonstrate that the groups can exhibit effective antiphase collective synchronization even if the microscopic external coupling between individual oscillator pairs belonging to different groups is in-phase, and similarly effective in-phase collective synchronization in spite of microscopic antiphase external coupling between the groups.     

Synchronization of phase oscillators with heterogeneous coupling: A solvable case

We consider an extension of Kuramoto’s model of coupled phase oscillators where oscillator pairs interact with different strengths. When the coupling coefficient of each pair can be separated into two different factors, each one associated to an oscillator, Kuramoto’s theory for the transition to synchronization can be explicitly generalized, and the effects of coupling heterogeneity on synchronized states can be analytically studied. The two factors are respectively interpreted as the weight of the contribution of each oscillator to the mean field, and the coupling of each oscillator to that field. We explicitly analyze the effects of correlations between those weights and couplings, and show that synchronization can be completely inhibited when they are strongly anti-correlated. Numerical results validate the theory, but suggest that finite-size effect are relevant to the collective dynamics close to the synchronization transition, where oscillators become entrained in synchronized frequency clusters.     

Uniform synchronous criticality of diversely random complex networks

We investigate collective synchronous behaviors in random complex networks of limit-cycle oscillators with the non-identical asymmetric coupling scheme, and find a uniform coupling criticality of collective synchronization which is independent of complexity of network topologies. Numerical simulations on categories of random complex networks have verified this conclusion.     

Synchronization reveals topological scales in complex networks

We study the relationship between topological scales and dynamic time scales in complex networks. The analysis is based on the full dynamics towards synchronization of a system of coupled oscillators. In the synchronization process, modular structures corresponding to well-defined communities of nodes emerge in different time scales, ordered in a hierarchical way. The analysis also provides a useful connection between synchronization dynamics, complex networks topology, and spectral graph analysis.     

Amplitude and phase effects on the synchronization of delay-coupled oscillators

We consider the behavior of Stuart-Landau oscillators as generic limit-cycle oscillators when they are interacting with delay. We investigate the role of amplitude and phase instabilities in producing symmetry-breaking/restoring transitions. Using analytical and numerical methods we compare the dynamics of one oscillator with delayed feedback, two oscillators mutually coupled with delay, and two delay-coupled elements with self-feedback. Taking only the phase dynamics into account, no chaotic dynamics is observed, and the stability of the identical synchronization solution is the same in each of the three studied networks of delay-coupled elements. When allowing for a variable oscillation amplitude, the delay can induce amplitude instabilities. We provide analytical proof that, in case of two mutually coupled elements, the onset of an amplitude instability always results in antiphase oscillations, leading to a leader-laggard behavior in the chaotic regime. Adding self-feedback with the same strength and delay as the coupling stabilizes the system in the transverse direction and, thus, promotes the onset of identically synchronized behavior.     

Collective chaos synchronization of pairs of modes in a chaotic three-mode laser

We study chaos synchronization experimentally in a modulated globally coupled three-mode laser with different modal gains subjected to self-mixing Doppler-shifted feedback, which can apply the loss modulation to individual modes at Doppler-shift frequencies. Depending on the pump power, different forms of collective chaos synchronizations were found to appear when the laser was modulated at the highest relaxation oscillation frequency, reflecting the change in cross-saturation coefficient among modes. In the present experiment, each pair of modes exhibited phase, lag, or generalized synchronization collectively according to the inherent antiphase dynamics, where these types of synchronization have already been demonstrated in two coupled chaotic oscillators in different physical systems. Information flows among oscillating modes which are established in different forms of collective chaos synchronizations were characterized by information-circulation analysis of the experimental time series. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.     

耦合振子系统的多稳态同步分析

本文讨论了一维闭合环上Kuramoto相振子在非对称耦合作用下同步区域出现的多定态现象. 研究发现在振子数N≤3情形下系统不会出现多态现象, 而N≥4多振子系统则呈现规律的多同步定态. 我们进一步对耦合振子系统中出现的多定态规律及定态稳定性进行了理论分析, 得到了定态渐近稳定解. 数值模拟多体系统发现同步区特征和理论描述相一致. 研究结果显示在绝热条件下随着耦合强度的减小, 系统从不同分支的同步态出发最终会回到同一非同步态. 这说明, 耦合振子系统在非同步区由于运动的遍历性而只具有单一的非同步态, 在发生同步时由于遍历性破缺会产生多个同步定态的共存现象.     

Collective dynamics of chaotic chemical oscillators and the law of large numbers

Experiments on the nontrivial collective dynamics and phase synchronization of populations of nonidentical chaotic electrochemical oscillators are presented. Without added coupling no deviation from the law of large numbers is observed. Deviations do arise with weak global or short-range coupling; large, irregular, and periodic mean field oscillations occur along with (partial) phase synchronization.     

Explosive synchronization: From synthetic to real-world networks

Synchronization is a widespread phenomenon in both synthetic and real-world networks. This collective behavior of simple and complex systems has been attracting much research during the last decades. Two different routes to synchrony are defined in networks; first-order, characterized as explosive, and second-order, characterized as continuous transition. Although pioneer researches explained that the transition type is a generic feature in the networks, recent studies proposed some frameworks in which different phase and even chaotic oscillators exhibit explosive synchronization. The relationship between the structural properties of the network and the dynamical features of the oscillators is mainly proclaimed because some of these frameworks show abrupt transitions. Despite different theoretical analyses about the appearance of the first-order transition, studies are limited to the mean-field theory, which cannot be generalized to all networks. There are different real-world and man-made networks whose properties can be characterized in terms of explosive synchronization, e.g., the transition from unconsciousness to wakefulness in the brain and spontaneous synchronization of power-grid networks. In this review article, explosive synchronization is discussed from two main aspects. First, pioneer articles are categorized from the dynamical-structural framework point of view. Then, articles that considered different oscillators in the explosive synchronization frameworks are studied. In this article, the main focus is on the explosive synchronization in networks with chaotic and neuronal oscillators. Also, efforts have been made to consider the recent articles which proposed new frameworks of explosive synchronization.