增感染料与卤化银微晶之间的作用及其聚集态的研究

本文研究了光谱增感染料的结构对立方体卤化银乳剂的感光性能的影响,并利用反射光谱和彩色分析荧光电镜研究了染料在卤化银微晶上的聚集态和Ｊ 聚集体的相对尺寸,通过测定乳剂离子电导率研究了染料的结构对乳剂离子电导率的影响．实验结果表明：本文中所用的九个染料不管是增感还是减感染料都能在立方体卤化银乳剂上形成Ｊ 聚集态;对噻碳菁染料而言,其５位上无论是吸电子基团还是推电子基团的染料形成的Ｊ 聚集体的平均尺寸皆较未取代染料的大,其增感效果也较好;苯环５位上吸电子基取代或平面性好的噻碳菁染料可提高立方体ＡｇＢｒＩ乳剂的离子电导率,证明它们的增感效果也好;６位硝基取代的吲哚碳菁染料是典型的减感染料,其在立方体乳剂上所形成的Ｊ 聚集体较小,但是对乳剂的离子电导无影响．此外,本文还试图对不对称插烯菁染料Ｄｙｅ９使立方体ＡｇＢｒＩ乳剂减感的作用进行了解释     

溴化银中氯离子含量对增感染料吸附及增感作用的影响

本文研究了在氯溴化银上不同类型染料的吸附和不同氯离子含量的溴化银乳剂中染料的增感作用。证明在溴化银乳剂中加入氯离子以后,光谱增感的倍率增加了。不同类型的染料呈现出不同的增感规律。份菁染料在氯溴化银乳剂上具有最好的吸附能力和光谱增感作用。实验结果还表明,染料的吸附与乳剂光谱增感效果,有着良好的对应关系。证实了染料和卤化银所形成的吸附络合物是具有照相活性的。对不同类型染料的增感现象进行了讨论。     

染料增感AgBr乳剂的光电子衰减动力学研究

本工作利用微波吸收薄膜介电谱测量技术,测量了菁染料光谱增感后的AgBr晶体乳剂在脉冲激光曝光后产生的光电子衰减时间特性,分析了不同类型的染料及其增感条件对材料光电子时间特性的影响关系.通过比较增感后的T 颗粒乳剂和立方体乳剂的光电子衰减特性,实验验证了吸附在T 颗粒(111)晶面上的染料比吸附在立方体(100)晶面上的染料更有效、更有助于形成潜影的论据.     

冠醚菁染料的研究 Ⅳ.一些新冠醚菁染料的合成

冠醚菁染料的合成及其光谱增感作用已有报道.带有冠醚结构因子的新型菁染料具有良好的增感效应和稳定性. 为进一步研究冠醚菁某些基本结构因素对感光和理化性能的影响,根据冠醚空腔和菁甲川链的可调性,参照前文合成路线,研究了单苯并-18-冠-6的溴化、硝化、二硫化及还原缩合反应,制得了关键中间体2-甲基-5,6-并-18-冠-6-苯并噻唑(3),经两种季铵化反应后合成各种菁染料. 本工作合成的中间体(1～7)以及不同盐基的,对称和不对称及中位取代的苯并-18-冠-6型的冠醚菁(9～12,15)和苯并-15-冠-5型的冠醚菁(13,14)均未见文献报道.这些新化合物均经元素分析、红外光谱和紫外光谱鉴识.     

短波长菁染料对氯化银乳剂的光谱增感作用

本文利用紫外 可见吸收光谱、光谱曝光等手段研究了5种短波长菁染料,比较了它们在氯化银乳剂上的光谱增感作用,得出3种较好的短波长增感染料,并研究它们在氯化银颗粒上的吸附行为.结果表明,这3种染料在氯化银颗粒上均有吸附,并能有效地提高氯化银乳剂在短波长区的感光度.     

溴化银乳剂中甲酸盐掺杂的位置效应研究

使用反馈式微机控制双注仪,在晶体生长过程的不同时刻,加入一定浓度的甲酸盐,制得了一系列甲酸根离子处于不同掺杂位置的立方溴化银微晶乳剂.对其感光性能的测试结果表明,(1)甲酸盐掺杂乳剂与未掺杂乳剂相比,感光度有显著提高;(2)甲酸根的掺杂位置越接近晶体表面,其感光度增益越大;(3)甲酸盐掺杂乳剂可同时与常规的硫加金化学增感和光谱增感进行协同增感;(4)光谱增感后的掺杂乳剂在延伸的光敏区内仍表现出明显的掺杂增感效应,但其增感倍率要低于乳剂在本征光敏区(蓝区)的增感倍率;(5)所有的掺杂乳剂,包括原始、硫加金和光谱增感的掺杂乳剂,它们的灰雾均保持在相当低的水平.     

甲酸盐掺杂立方八面体溴化银乳剂颗粒的增感效应研究

使用反馈式微机控制双注乳化仪,制备了甲酸根离子掺杂于颗粒次表面的立方八面体溴化银微晶乳剂.经计算此类颗粒上的(100)面与(111)面之比约为2:3.感光性能测试结果表明,甲酸根掺杂乳剂,无论是原始乳剂,还是经过化学增感,或染料光谱增感后的乳剂,其感光度都要明显高于相应的参考未掺杂乳剂(S_d/S_o≈2),而灰雾水平则无明显增长.     

钙离子对卤化银乳剂化学增感和光谱增感的影响

本文通过控制乳剂中一系列不同的钙离子浓度(4.0～80×10^-3mol Ca²⁺/mol AgX),研究了化学增感时间对钙离子浓度的依赖性,测定了相应的感光特性,结果表明,乳剂中的钙离子在不影响最佳感光度的前提下,可有效地抑制灰雾并延缓化学增感过程,延长化学成熟时间。 经感红染料光谱增感后,测定了染料的相对增感倍率,本征及感红光谱感光度,研究了它们对轧剂中钙离子浓度的依赖关系。以卤化银乳剂对染料的吸附,对光的吸收以及Dember效应的实验结果为佐证,说明钙离子在光谱增感的电子转移过程中,起着电子陷阱的作用,从而抑制感红感光度的增感;与此同时,钙离子又抑制染料对本征感光度的减感,这可能是由于钙离子的存在阻碍了染料正空穴对卤化银本征潜影的氧化,从而保护了部分潜影免受染料正空穴的袭击。     

草酸根掺杂立方体溴化银乳剂颗粒的增感效应研究

使用反馈式微机控制双注乳化仪,在晶体生长过程中一定时间内,加入一定量的草酸盐,制得了草酸根离子处于晶体颗粒次表面的立方体溴化银微晶乳剂.对其实验过程的考察和感光性能的测试结果表明,(1)草酸根掺杂于次表面的溴化银乳剂与未掺杂乳剂相比较,无论是原始乳剂,还是经过化学增感,或用染料进行光谱增感后的乳剂,感光度都有明显提高(S_d/S₀≥1.5),有明显的增感效应;(2)无论是原始乳剂,还是经过化学增感,或光谱增感后的乳剂,草酸根掺杂立方体溴化银乳剂颗粒的灰雾水平都不高;(3)草酸根掺杂立方体溴化银颗粒与甲酸根掺杂的溴化银乳剂相比,产生的增感效应相差不大;(4)与甲酸根掺杂立方体溴化银颗粒相比,草酸根掺杂立方体溴化银颗粒的制备方法明显较前者要简单得多,颗粒形状也优于前者.     

几种光谱增感染料吸附在AgBr晶体上的光电导效应

使用AgBr晶体作为AgBr乳剂的模型,利用光电导法研究光谱增感的机理及染料的增感性能。采用“蚶埚下降法”重复地制备出了透明度相当好的AgBr晶体,还研究了晶体片的抛光与化学处理过程,这对于光电导实验都是重要的。对几种实用的光谱增感染料进行了光电导实验,实验结果与照相乳剂的光谱响应一致。而且观察到四氯咪碳菁与其它染料相比,光敏化电流有显著的不同。同时还进行了不同电荷染料的组合实验,由实验看到,由于染料吸附的先后次序不同,光电导曲线上峰电流的位置和大小发生了明显地变化,这对于照相乳剂的配制将具有一定的实际指导意义。     

Die Kristallstruktur des W3CoB3 und der dazu isotypen Phasen Mo3CoB3, Mo3NiB3 und W3NiB3

Zusammenfassung Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃ und W₃NiB₃ kristallisieren in einem eigenen Typ (W₃CoB₃-Struktur). Das trigonal prismatische Bauelement [T ₆B]^* ist zu Ketten vereinigt, wobei B₃-Gruppen entstehen. Die Phasen sind vermutlich Bor-reicher als obiger Formel entspricht.

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The crystal structure of W₃CoB₃ and the isotypic phases Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, and W₃NiB₃

Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃, and W₃NiB₃ were found to possess a new type of crystal structure (W₃CoB₃-structure type). Trigonal prismatic groups [T ₆B]^* are linked together forming chains in such a way that B₃-groups occur. These borides do probably exist with a larger amount of boron as to compared with the formula.

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Mit 2 Abbildungen     

K3SbSe3, Rb3SbSe3 und Cs3SbSe3 – Synthese und Kristallstruktur

K₃SbSe₃, Rb₃SbSe₃, and Cs₃SbSe₃ – Synthesis and Crystal Structure The compounds K₃SbSe₃, Rb₃SbSe₃ and Cs₃SbSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Sb₂O₃ and an alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium in a temperature range between 750 °C and 800 °C. The compounds crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃. A comparison of atomic distances and bond angles with those of the isostructural arsenic and bismuth compounds shows the effect of lone pairs.     

Synthesis of γγγ-trifluorocarbonyl compounds

γγγ-Trifluorocarbonyl compounds are easily obtained in a good yield by introduction of the 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl moiety (CF₃-CH₂-) on the -methylene group of a ketone.     

Hydrocarbon species mu3-CCH2-, mu3-CCH3 and mu-CHCH3 supported on Ti3O3

Treatment of the mu3-ethylidyne complex [{TiCp*(mu-O)}3(mu3-CMe)](1), (Cp*=eta5-C5Me5) with alkali metal amides leads to the oxoheterometallocubane derivatives [M(mu3-O)3{(TiCp*)3(mu3-CCH2)}] [M = Li (2), Na (3), K (4), Rb (5), Cs (6)] containing the naked carbanion mu3-CCH2-; the addition of triphenylmethanol and tert-butanol to the compounds 2-6 gives rise to the oxoderivatives [{TiCp*(mu-O)}3(mu-CHMe)(OCR3)][R = Me (7), Ph (8)] which show a mu-ethylidene bridge on the surface model Ti3O3.     

K3BiSe3, Rb3BiSe3 und Cs3BiSe3 – Substitutionsvarianten des Th3P4-Typs

K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ – Derivatives of the Th₃P₄ Structure Type The compounds K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Bi₂O₃ and the respective alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium at 850°C. Thin crystals of the compounds appear red in transmitted light. They crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃, space group P2₁3, lattice constants a = 9.771(5) Å, a = 10.161(3) Å, and a = 10.587(5) Å for K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃, respectively. The Na₃AsS₃ structure type is a derivative of the Th₃P₄ structure type.     

Die Akzeptoreigenschaften von AsCl3, AsBr3, asJ3, SbCl3, SbBr3 und SbJ3

Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Enthalpien der Reaktionen von AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsJ₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃ und SbJ₃ mit Tributylphosphat, N,N-Dimethylacetamid und Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid bestimmt. Das Verhalten der Addukte bei Gegenwart eines Überschusses der Donoren wird beschrieben.

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Acceptor properties of AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsI₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃, and SbI₃

The enthalpies of the reactions of AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsI₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃ and SbI₃ with tributylphosphate, N,N-dimethylacetamide and hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide were measured. The behavior of the adducts in the presence of excess donor molecules is described.

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Mit 5 Abbildungen     

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolacton

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolactone By oxidation of 3-(1-nitro-2-oxocyclohexyl)propanal ( 1 ) with KMnO₄, besides 3-(1′-nitro-2′-oxocyclohexyl)pripionic acid ( 2 ), the complete hydrolysis product 4-oxononanedioic acid ( 4 ) and the oxidized semi-hydrolysis product 5-(2-nitro-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furyl)pentanoic acid ( 3 ) were formed. The crystalline 3 decomposes at r.t. forming 4 and nitrous gases; its structure was established by X-ray determination.     

Synthesis of some derivatives of 3-amino-3-desoxyerythrose and 3-amino-3-desoxy-D-3-erythrose

The synthesis of derivatives of 3-amino-3-deoxy-L-erythrose by LAH or LAD reduction of the oxime of 1,2-O-isopropylidene α-L -glycero-tetros-3-ulofuranose is described.     

Non-Isothermal Kinetics of the Decomposition Reaction of Cluster [Ag3WS3Br]（PPh3）3 and [Cu3WS3Br]（PPh3）3

The thermal behaviors of clusters [Ag3WS3Br](PPh3)3 and [Cu3WS3Br](PPh3)3 (PPh3=triphenyl phosphine) in a nitrogen atmosphere were studied under the non-isothermal conditions by simultaneous TG-DTG-DSC and EDS techniques. The results showed that the evolution of PPh3 generally proceeded before the release of the other moiety in one or two step-mode. The mechanisms, the kinetic and the thermodynamic parameters for decomposition of PPh3 of both clusters were determined and calculated by jointly using several methods, which showed that its evolution was controlled by Avrami-Erofeev equation. The results also showed that there was no new stable phase composed of W-Ag(Cu)-S-Br after release of organic moiety PPh3 and that CVD method was not applicable to their further processing.     

Analysis of the intermolecular interactions between CH3OCH3, CF3OCH3, CF3OCF3, and CH2F2, CHF3

The intermolecular interaction energy curves of CH(3)OCH(3)-CH(2)F(2), CF(3)OCH(3)-CH(2)F(2), CF(3)OCF(3)-CH(2)F(2), CH(3)OCH(3)-CHF(3), CF(3)OCH(3)-CHF(3), and CF(3)OCF(3)-CHF(3) complexes were calculated by the MP2 level ab initio molecular orbital method using the 6-311G** basis set augmented with diffuse polarization functions. We investigate the fluorine substitution effects of both methane and dimethyl ether on intermolecular interactions. In addition, orientation dependence of intermolecular interaction energies is also studied with utilizing eight types of orientations. Our analyses demonstrate that partial fluorinations of methane make electrostatic interaction dominant, and consequently enhance attractive interaction at several specific orientations. On the contrary, fluorine substitutions of dimethyl ether substantially decrease the electrostatic interaction between ether and CH(2)F(2) or CHF(3); thus, there is no such characteristic interaction between the C-H of fluorinated methane and ether oxygen of CF(3)OCF(3) as conventional hydrogen bonding, due to reduced polarity of fluorinated ether. The combination of different pairs of the electrostatic interaction is therefore responsible for the intermolecular interaction differences among the complexes investigated herein and also their orientations.