替换HIV-1衣壳蛋白基因SHIV的构建及其活性测定

将猴免疫缺陷病毒(Simian immunodeficiency virus,SIVmm239)中gag基因的衣壳蛋白部分置换成人免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus type1,HIV-1 HXBc2)的相应部分,构建出替换了衣壳蛋白基因的人/猿嵌合免疫缺陷病毒(SHIV)原病毒DNA.用此SHIV原病毒DNA转染293T细胞,细胞中能够检测到嵌合病毒基因的转录与翻译;在细胞培养液上清中亦可检测到装配出的病毒颗粒.病毒颗粒形态正常,含有基因组RNA,具有反转录酶活性,嵌合的外源衣壳蛋白能够正确剪切,形成棒状的核心.将此嵌合SHIV病毒感染MT4细胞,病毒能够吸附并进入细胞,能完成反转录过程,但不能增殖.     

替换HIV-1衣壳蛋白基因SHIV的构建及其活性测定

将猴免疫缺陷病毒(Simianimmunodeficiencyvirus,SIVmm239)中gag基因的衣壳蛋白部分置换成人免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1,HIV-1HXBc2)的相应部分,构建出替换了衣壳蛋白基因的人/猿嵌合免疫缺陷病毒(SHIV)原病毒DNA。用此SHIV原病毒DNA转染293T细胞,细胞中能够检测到嵌合病毒基因的转录与翻译;在细胞培养液上清中亦可检测到装配出的病毒颗粒。病毒颗粒形态正常,含有基因组RNA,具有反转录酶活性,嵌合的外源衣壳蛋白能够正确剪切,形成棒状的核心。将此嵌合SHIV病毒感染MT4细胞,病毒能够吸附并进入细胞,能完成反转录过程,但不能增殖。     

人Ⅰ型免疫缺陷病毒gag-env嵌合基因在重组痘苗中的表达

Gag和Env蛋白是人Ⅰ型免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1,HIV1)的结构蛋白,是HIV1诱导机体产生体液免疫和细胞免疫的主要抗原。本实验通过多次亚克隆,将env基因以正确的三联密码读框插入gag基因的下游,制备了HIV1gagenv嵌合基因,并将嵌合基因分别置于痘苗病毒p75启动子和牛痘病毒A型包涵体(ATI)启动子的下游,经过同源重组和红细胞吸附试验筛选,获得了2株重组痘苗病毒。免疫荧光试验和酶免疫试验证明,两株重组痘苗病毒均能正确地表达HIV1gagenv嵌合基因。动物实验表明,gagenv嵌合基因重组痘苗病毒可诱导小鼠产生抗HIV特异性抗体。这些结果为艾滋病颗粒化疫苗的研制提供了借鉴。     

SHIV1157ipd3N4中国恒河猴细胞适应株静脉感染中国恒河猴有效浓度的确定

目的确定SHIV1157ipd3N4静脉途径感染中国恒河猴的有效病毒浓度,明确SHIV1157ipd3N4感染实验猴体内病毒复制和免疫损伤情况。方法 10只正常中国恒河猴分成6组,分别用10倍系列稀释的病毒液1 mL静脉感染,测定血浆病毒载量,CD4＋/CD8＋,CD4＋T淋巴细胞绝对数,分析感染后恒河猴体内病毒复制和免疫损伤情况。结果 5TCID50/mL以上浓度的SHIV1157ipd3N4能通过静脉途径感染中国恒河猴。结论该实验的成功进行为SHIV/中国恒河猴疾病及评价模型的建立奠定了良好的基础,为今后使用此模型评价抗病毒药物或疫苗提供了条件。     

体内CD8^＋T细胞剔除对无症状期SHIV感染猴的影响

目的 CD8＋T细胞在一些病毒感染疾病的免疫反应中起着重要的作用,但CD8＋T细胞在HIV无症状期的作用尚不明确,本研究通过体内CD8＋T细胞剔除,研究CD8＋T细胞对SHIV感染猴的影响,进一步了解艾滋病的发病机制。方法选择8只SHIV病毒感染的恒河猴,均处于无症状期,随机分成两组,实验组4只恒河猴在0、3、7 d注射抗CD8＋T抗体cM-T807,不同的时间取外周血、腹股沟淋巴结。流式细胞术测定恒河猴外周血和淋巴结中CD8＋T细胞数目,Real-time RT-PCR法测定实验猴血浆病毒载量,并使用IFN-γElispot方法测定其对猴细胞免疫的影响。结果 CD8＋T细胞敲除后,4只猴的病毒载量都转阳,但反应性不一,HIV-1的靶细胞CD4＋T细胞有轻微下降,后反弹,与病毒载量无相关性;CD8敲除猴的感染情况（血浆病毒载量和CD4细胞）比SHIV病毒急性感染轻,这与ELIPOT结果一致。结论 CD8＋T细胞在HIV无症状期发挥重要的作用,但其作用具有个体差别。     

SPA-Luc嵌合基因的构建及其融合蛋白活性检测

目的:葡萄球菌A蛋白-荧光素酶(SPA-Luc)原核表达载体的构建,表达,纯化,并对其生物学效应进行初步研究。方法:PCR扩增SPA和Luc基因,并连接到pET28a(+)中,构建原核表达质粒。构建正确的重组质粒转化至E.coliBL21(DE3),IPTG诱导蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE及Western Blot鉴定,同时用Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化SPA-Luc蛋白,最后用荧光素酶试剂盒和ELISA检测融合蛋白的生物学活性。结果:成功构建重组质粒pET28a(+)-SPA、pET28a(+)-Luc和pET28a(+)-SPA-Luc,SDS-PAGE及Western Blot证明正确表达了重组蛋白,并获得了纯化的融合蛋白SPA-Luc。荧光素酶试剂盒检测发现该蛋白仍能与IgG结合,并且与兔和鼠的IgG有较高亲和性。ELISA显示SPA-Luc蛋白替代常规二抗检测抗原,具有更高的敏感性。结论:成功的克隆、表达、纯化的SPA-Luc蛋白可用于抗原抗体的检测,且比常规二抗具有更高的敏感性,为进一步研究其在免疫学中的应用奠定了实验基础。     

HIV P66蛋白的表达、纯化及活性检测

此研究的目的是体外表达HIV-1逆转录酶P66亚单位蛋白,并得到纯度较高且具有活性的重组蛋白。首先通过PCR方法从含HIV-1 HXB2标准株全基因的质粒中扩增出全长p66基因,插入表达载体pTWIN1,构建pTWIN-p66质粒。再将该质粒转化到表达菌BL21,在IPTG诱导下表达P66蛋白。表达产物经几丁质柱一步纯化后得到P66蛋白纯品。纯化的P66蛋白分别催化B95-8细胞总RNA、RT试剂盒中对照RNA进行逆转录;同时以试剂盒中的M-MLV RT为对照进行相同的逆转录,PCR后电泳比较活性。结果显示我们构建的pTWIN-p66质粒在IPTG诱导下在原核细胞中P66亚单位蛋白表达量较高,经一步纯化后蛋白凝胶扫描纯度达88%,并具有较好的逆转录活性。与M-MLV RT体外活性比较,两者活性相当。该研究为进一步开发国产HIV确证诊断试剂及抗AIDS药物的研究打下了初步基础。     

HIV-1 gp160多表位嵌合基因的构建及表达蛋白的免疫原性分析

HIV感染引起的AIDS已经成为严重影响人类健康和社会发展的全球性疾病。酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫印迹检验组合则被认为是HIV检测的“金标准”。因此本实验构建gp160的抗原多表位融合基因及在原核系统的高表达, 为HIV抗体测定提供特异、价廉的抗原。选定HIV-1 gp160基因中三个片段包含较多抗原表位的区域, 设计带有酶切位点的引物,用PCR的方法从HIV-1HXB2全基因扩增编码这三个片段的基因序列,通过质粒提取、酶切、测序方法鉴定基因片段的正确性, SDS-PAGE和Western Blot测定融合蛋白的抗原特异性。构建的HIV-1 gp160多表位嵌合基因的原核表达质粒,酶切和测序结果表明基因序列正确,基因全长969bp。在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3) 中高效表达的重组蛋白分子量为37kDa,以包涵体的形式存在。应用western blot测定10例正常人和12例HIV/AIDS病人血浆显示HIV-1 gp160多表位融合蛋白具有良好的抗原特异性。成功构建了高表达 HIV-1 gp160多表位蛋白的原核表达系统,纯化的融合蛋白有较强的抗原特异性。     

抗HIV-1 p15(gag)IgY抗体的制备及活性检测

目的:制备具有高效价强特异性的抗HIV-1 p15(gag)鸡卵黄抗体(IgY),纯化并分析其免疫学活性。方法:用纯化的HIV-1 p15(gag)蛋白抗原免疫蛋鸡,用水稀释法对IgY抗体进行粗提取并结合乙醇沉淀和氯化钠盐析法纯化抗体,再通过SDS-PAGE、Western blot、酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测抗体的纯度、特异性及效价。结果:表达纯化的HIV-1 p15(gag)-GST融合蛋白分子量为45kDa,用于抗体检测的抗原。用纯化的His-P15蛋白作为免疫原免疫蛋鸡后,获得的卵黄抗体重链、轻链分子量分别为65kDa和25kDa。8倍体积水稀释卵黄,pH值5.1,20%冰乙醇及0.028mol/L盐溶液分离纯化,纯度可达96℅,每毫升卵黄液可得到的卵黄抗体为9.8mg。终浓度为18%～25%的冰乙醇纯化的抗体浓度高且稳定,同时具有较强的特异性和较高的效价。结论:用HIV-1p15(gag)蛋白免疫蛋鸡,可以获得高效价的特异性抗体IgY,为IgY抗体在HIV-1p15蛋白的研究奠定了实验基础。     

伪狂犬病病毒上海株(PRV-SH)gE-/gI/GFP+缺失株的构建

在构建了含伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies Virus,PRV）上海株gI基因和gE基因克隆鉴定的基础上,采用酶切的方法构建了载体pgEI。然后用限制性内切酶BamHI和BstpI缺失掉gE基因5'端363bp,同时把绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因表达盒插入到缺失部分,并在下游引入一个多克隆位点,构建了缺失转移载体pgEIGFP。用DOTAP转染试剂盒将pgEIGFP转染了感染PRVSH的BHK21细胞,待出现80%病变后收获病毒,并以蚀斑法得到纯化的缺失了gE/gI重组病毒株。小鼠试验证实了缺失株的毒力有所下降。     

Proteolytic activity assayed by subcellular localization switching of a substrate

An approach to assay proteolytic activity in vivo by altering the subcellular localization of a labelled substrate was demonstrated. The assay included a protein shuttling between different cellular compartments and a site-specific recombinant protease. The shuttle protein used was the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein tandemly fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and the red fluorescent protein (RFP), while the protease was the site-specific protease VP24 from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The fluorescent proteins in the Rev fusion protein were separated by a cleavage site specific for the VP24 protease. When co-expressed in COS-7 cells proteolysis was observed by fluorescence microscopy as a shift from a predominantly cytoplasmic localization of the fusion protein RevEGFP to a nuclear localization while the RFP part of the fusion protein remained in the cytoplasm. The cleavage of the fusion protein by VP24 was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The activity of VP24, when tagged N-terminally by the Myc-epitope, was found to be comparable to VP24. These results demonstrates that the activity and localization of a recombinantly expressed protease can be assessed by protease-mediated cleavage of fusion proteins containing a specific protease cleavage site.     

Oxyradical-induced GFP damage and loss of fluorescence

Small amounts of highly reactive oxygen species (oxyradicals) are normal by-products of cellular metabolism. However, under certain conditions large amounts of oxyradicals are generated inside cells which may cause extensive cellular damage. Not surprisingly, a large number of disease states have been linked to oxidative stress, including cancer, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and heart disease. Previously, we had shown that fluorescence spectroscopy could be used to study the pH-dependence of GFP denaturation with various agents. In this report, we show that GFP readily loses its auto-fluorescence upon exposure to oxyradicals as measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. We further show that oxyradical scavengers can prevent this loss of GFP fluorescence, thus oxyradical-induced loss of GFP fluorescence could be used to screen for antioxidants. We have evaluated various parameters which could affect the sensitivity of this GFP-based oxyradical scavenging assay, such as concentration H(2)O(2) used to produce oxyradicals, pH of the buffer, as well as UV intensity. Surprisingly we found that pH had a very dramatic effect on oxyradical-induced GFP damage. GFP was found to be most susceptible to oxyradical-induced damage at pH 6.5, and least susceptible at pH 8.5. This is the first demonstration that GFP loses its fluorescence upon exposure to oxyradicals. Furthermore, the data presented here suggest that GFP could be used to develop assays to screen for antioxidants or radical scavengers.     

含有绿色荧光蛋白基因的质粒载体的构建及其在水稻白叶枯细菌中的表达

本文用绿色荧光蛋白基因（green fluorescent protein）标记水稻白叶枯细菌,观察其在白叶枯细菌中的表达情况。光激发后,白叶枯细菌发出绿色荧光,表明gfp在白叶枯细菌中得到了高效表达。后续工作意在利用gfp所发出的绿色荧光,来追踪白叶枯细菌侵染水稻的路径,以及检测水稻在遭受白叶枯病害时的一些生理生态变化,进一步探讨水稻对白叶枯细菌的抗生机理,希望能够为水稻抗性品种的检测提供新的理论依据。文中重点介绍了对质粒pM2464的改造过程,经gfp标记后的水稻白叶枯细菌,在紫外或蓝光的激发下,发出绿色荧光,证明了用标记有gfp基因的白叶枯细菌来观察其侵染水稻过程的想法是可行的。     

新型瞬时报告载体pRSET-EGFP的构建及表达

目的：利用分子生物学技术和方法将pRSET-B质粒改建为带有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)突变体基因(GFP-S65T)的新型瞬时表达载体pRSET-EGFP,并在E．coli．BL21中得到GFP基因的高效表达。方法：PCR法从pEGFP质粒克隆GFP-S65T cDNA并在5’末端引入KpnⅠ的位点。将扩增出来的GFP-S65T基因和pRSEY-B质粒用HindⅢ和KpnⅠ双酶切后连接构成重组质粒。用化学法把重组质粒转化到E．coli．BL21中,培养发酵液。OD540=0．4时加入IPTG诱导GFP-S65T基因转录和表达,合成绿色荧光蛋白。还对诱导条件进行了优化,发酵液OD540=0．4加入IPTG可以得到最优表达。结果：通过Ni^2 柱亲和层析,纯化得到绿色荧光蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳检测,分子量为27kDa,与文献报道值一致。这说明Ni^2 柱能够有效的纯化表达产物。结论：成功构建了新型瞬时表达载体pRSET-EGFP,并且在E．coli．BL21中得到高效表达。     

GnRH及其转运肽基因真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的 构建GnRH/TRS与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的融合基因并表达.方法 利用DNA重组技术,将GnRH/TRS片段克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-C1转化DH5 α,重组体质粒pEGFP-C1-GnRH/TRS用LipoGen脂质体进行转染至Hela细胞,核酸序列测定和Western印迹分析基因表达,激光共聚焦荧光显微镜观察活细胞内荧光布局.结果 重组子pEGFP-C1-GnRH/TR成功构建.激光共聚焦荧光显微镜观察结果表明,GnRH/TKS-GFP融合基因的瞬间和稳定表达均获得了相同结果.结论 GnRH/TRS-GFP融合蛋白具有GFP的自发荧光特性,且不影响GnRH/TRS分子在细胞内的正确表达.     

Construction of the mobilizable plasmid pMV158GFP,a derivative of pMV158 that carries the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein

Plasmid pMV158 has been employed to construct cloning non-mobilizable vectors for various Gram-positive organisms. Here we report the construction of a mobilizable pMV158-based plasmid that harbors the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein under the control of a promoter inducible by maltose. The plasmid was mobilized between strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae as well as from S. pneumoniae to Lactococcus lactis or Enterococcus faecalis at the same frequency as its parental. Transconjugant that received the GFP-tagged plasmid could be detected by their fluorescence, which was especially high in E. faecalis cells.     

Construction of GFP vectors for use in Gram-negative bacteria other than Escherichia coli

Abstract A set of vectors containing a mutated gfp gene was constructed for use with Gram-negative bacteria other than Escherichia coli . These constructs were: pTn 3gfp for making random promoter probe gfp insertions into cloned DNA in E. coli for subsequent introduction into host strains; pUTmini-Tn 5gfp for making random promoter probe gfp insertions directly into host strains; p519 gfp and p519 ngfp , broad host range mob ⁺ plasmids containing gfp from a lac and an npt 2 promoter, respectively.