高原边防驻营区及野外驻训部队军人体格健康状况的研究

目的 调查高原低氧环境对军人身体指标的影响,以及高原驻训期间军人体格指标的变化,为保障人员体格强健提供参考依据.方法 根据《军队营养调查与评价方法》(GJB 1636A-2016)和《中国人民解放军战士身体发育测量及评价》(GJB 1102-91)的方法对驻高原4000~4600 m营区及4300 m野外驻训部队官兵进行体格指标的检测,并根据标准对相关结果进行评价.结果 与10年前阿里地区驻训部队人员指标相比,其BMI、上臂肌围、皮褶厚度、体脂含量均增加且接近平原值.4000和4600 m海拔两个单位人员的体格指标无显著差异.野外驻训部队人员上臂肌围显著高于驻营区部队,且BMI、皮褶厚度和体脂含量显著低于驻营区部队.与驻营区部队相比,驻训部队BMI和上臂肌围的构成比无显著差异,而体脂含量偏低的人员比例显著高于驻营区部队,体脂含量正常和偏胖人员比例显著低于驻营区部队.结论 驻高原地区军人体格指标不受海拔影响,而随着营养膳食保障力量的提高,军人身体指标得到改善,体内蛋白质和脂肪储备增加.野外驻训部队与驻营区部队军人相比,其肌肉含量更高,体脂更低,体格更健硕.     

阿尔茨海默病患者红细胞中9种微量元素含量变化

目的:探讨阿尔茨海默氏病患者红细胞中9种微量元素(Zn、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Mg、Pb、Cr、Al)含量的变化.方法:测定50例阿尔茨海默病患者红细胞内上述9种微量元素的含量并与对照组进行比较.结果:阿尔茨海默氏病组与对照组相比两组的Cu、Zn、Fe 、Mg和Al的含量有显著性差异,阿尔茨海默病组的Cu的含量低于正常对照组,其余4种元素均高于正常对照组;两组比较Mn、Ca、Pb和Cr的含量无显著性差异,且阿尔茨海默病组的含量均高于正常对照组.结论:阿尔茨海默氏病的发病与多种微量元素有着直接和间接的关系,这些微量元素的改变可作为阿尔茨海默氏病的诊断及预后判断的参考指标.     

不同作训任务对常驻高原官兵静息状态下生理生化指标的影响

目的 了解高原低氧环境对不同作训任务官兵静息状态下生理生化指标的影响.方法 将常驻高原官兵分为驻营区官兵(海拔4030m和4600m)和野外驻训官兵(海拔4300m),对驻营区官兵和野外驻训30d的官兵进行生理生化指标检测,包括心率(HR)、血压、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、血红蛋白(Hb)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、白球比值(A/G)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)以及AST/ALT比值.结果 驻训官兵HR(82.25±14.10次/min)明显高于驻营区官兵(74.18±9.02次/min,P＜0.01),其SpO2(88.25％±2.41％)明显低于驻营区官兵(89.38％±2.44％,P＜0.05),两单位人员的血压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).驻训官兵Hb含量(211.6±17.4g/L)明显高于驻营区官兵(199.3±22.7g/L,P＜0.001),其高原红细胞增多症患病率(55.6％)明显高于驻营区官兵(25.7％,P＜0.001).驻营区官兵和驻训官兵的血清蛋白质含量均充足,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).驻训官兵的血脂异常患病率(70.5％)明显高于驻营区官兵(34.0％,P＜0.001),其中驻训官兵的HDL-C含量(0.81±0.21nmol/L)明显低于驻营区官兵(1.01±0.27nmol/L,P＜0.001),其低HDL-C血症患病率(65.9％)明显高于驻营区官兵(29.8％,P＜0.001),驻训官兵和驻营区官兵的TC、TG、LDL-C含量及异常率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).驻训官兵LDH含量(273.70±136.74U/L)明显高于驻营区官兵(205.19±77.94U/L,P＜0.01),其LDH异常率(72.7％)也明显高于驻营区官兵(51.1％,P＜0.05).结论 高原驻训官兵蛋白质营养充足,但高原红细胞增多症、低HDL-C血症患病率和LDH异常率高于驻营区官兵,严重威胁着驻训官兵的身体健康,常驻高原官兵应适当调整饮食结构和科学安排训练强度,定期体检,做到早预防早治疗.     

原发性开角型青光眼患者发内十种元素含量的测定

用原子吸收分光光度计测定70例正常人和30例原发性开角型青光眼患者发内Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Sr、Mn、Pb等10种元素。患者发内Zn、Ca、Mg、Sr显著低于正常人(P<0.001)而Fe略高(P相似文献   

多元逐步回归法判别头发中6种微量元素与儿童身高的关系

 目的为达到既经济又方便地了解头发中能影响身高的微量元素的目的.方法对3 564名儿童发样中的锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、钙(Ca)、锰(Mn)和铅(Pb)等6种无机元素含量及身高进行多元逐步回归分析.取儿童后枕部头发约150mg,洗涤剂浸泡,并用自来水及去离子水洗净、烘干.精密称取,用混合酸进行消化处理后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定各元素含量..结果儿童头发中6种无机元素含量及身高数据经过多元逐步回归分析发现,影响女性儿童身高较明显的微量元素是Zn和Pb.影响男性儿童身高较明显的元素是Zn、Pb和Mn.结论女性儿童头发中Zn含量与身高呈正相关(P＜0.01),而Pb含量与身高则呈负相关(P＜0.01),男性儿童头发中Zn含量与身高呈正相关(P＜0.01),而Pb和Mn含量与身高则呈负相关(P＜0.01).     

中国人食品中元素浓度和膳食摄入量研究

目的　获得我国当前食物中元素浓度和成年男子膳食摄入量 ,为参考人元素摄入量参数提供依据和进行有关卫生学评价。方法　以总膳食研究混合食物样品法 ,用NAA、ICP MS、ICP AES、AAS等技术和必要QA措施测定我国 4个不同膳食类型地区膳食的各类食物中元素浓度 ,估算日摄入量和卫生学评价 ,并将所获摄入量与有关国际资料进行比较。结果　获得了我国 12类食物中 42种元素浓度和成年男子摄入量及其卫生学评价。结论　更新和拓展了我国食物中元素浓度和摄入量国情资料 ,为我国参考人摄入量参数确定提供新依据 ,揭示了当前我国卫生问题 ,如从营养卫生角度 ,我国参考人Ca、Zn和Cu摄入量偏低 ,而从食品卫生而言 ,Pb、Cd、Mn和Na摄入量过高 ,尤其是近年Pb、Cd和Hg摄入量升高 ,Pb和Cd平均摄入量已超过ADI,应引起重视。     

西藏高原野外驻训期间军人心理状况调查

为探讨高原部队士兵在野外驻训期间的心理状况,我们于2006年6-8月份对在海拔3 650 m以上野外驻训为期两个月的763名军人进行了心理状况调查,现将结果报告如下.     

脑肿瘤病人的微量元素测定及临床意义

目的 探讨脑肿瘤病人血清、脑脊液微量元素含量在临床中的意义。方法 采用Thermo Jarren VIDEO-22原子吸收分光光度计测定20例恶性脑肿瘤,20例良性脑肿瘤和30例非肿瘤病人血清及脑脊液中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)的含量。结果 脑肿瘤病人术前血清及脑脊液中微量元素含量与术后含量无显著性差异。血清与脑脊液中微量元素含量无直接相关关系。结论 Fe的含量在各组间有统计学意义,而Mg、Ca的含量在各组间无统计学意义。Cu和Zn的含量在临床上对脑肿瘤有诊断和鉴别诊断意义。     

脑肿瘤病人的微量元素测定及临床意义

目的 探讨脑肿瘤病人血清、脑脊液微量元素含量在临床中的意义。方法 采用Thermo Jarren VIDEO-22原子吸收分光光度计测定20例恶性脑肿瘤,20例良性脑肿瘤和30例非肿瘤病人血清及脑脊液中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn),钱(Fe)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)的含量。结果 脑肿瘤病人术前血清及脑脊液中微量元素合量与术后含量无显性差异。血清与脑脊液中微量元素含量无直接相关关系。结论 Fe的含量在各组间有统计学意义．而Mg、Ca的含量在各组间无统计学意义。Cu和Zn的含量在临床上对脑肿瘤有诊断和鉴别诊断意义。     

高原部队野外驻训疾病调查

2004年5月和9月，驻藏某部，两次参加海拔均在4200m以上邛多江和羊八井地区野外驻训及演习活动，共计52d。在野外驻训过程中，共发生疾病7种，156例次，由于防治措施得力，均获得痊愈。     

Elemental characterization of coal,fly ash,and bottom ash using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique

A total of 18 elements viz. Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Sr, V, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, As and Cd were analyzed in coal, fly ash and bottom ash samples collected across India using an EDXRF technique. Various indices such as element enrichment ratio, enrichment factor (with respect to crustal average) and mineral composition were calculated. Around 95% of mass was reconstructed using the concentration of elements in this study for fly and bottom ash.     

Elemental analysis of coal and coal ASH by PIXE technique

Coal and coal ash samples were characterized by particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopic technique. Sixteen elements, namely K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y and Pb were quantified in this study. Elements like K, Ca, Ti and Fe were present as major elements, whereas, other elements like V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr and Pb were present in trace level. The enrichment ratio of different ash samples with respect to coal were also estimated and discussed.     

Trace elements and electrolytes in human resting mixed saliva after exercise

OBJECTIVES: Exercise is known to cause changes in the concentration of salivary components such as amylase, Na, and Cl. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the levels of trace elements and electrolytes in whole (mixed) saliva. METHODS: Forty subjects performed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Samples of saliva were obtained before and immediately after the exercise test. Sample concentrations of Fe, Mg, Sc, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Ag, Sb, Cs, and Hg were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and concentrations of Ca and Na by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: After exercise, Mg and Na levels showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) while Mn levels fell (p < 0.05). Zn/Cu molar ratios were unaffected by exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Intense physical exercise induced changes in the concentrations of only three (Na, Mg, and Mn) of the 16 elements analysed in the saliva samples. Further research is needed to assess the clinical implications of these findings.     

Estimation of trace elements in some anti-diabetic medicinal plants using PIXE technique.

Trace elemental analysis was carried out in various parts of some anti-diabetic medicinal plants using PIXE technique. A 3MeV proton beam was used to excite the samples. The elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb and Sr were identified and their concentrations were estimated. The results of the present study provide justification for the usage of these medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) since they are found to contain appreciable amounts of the elements K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn, which are responsible for potentiating insulin action. Our results show that the analyzed medicinal plants can be considered as potential sources for providing a reasonable amount of the required elements other than diet to the patients of DM. Moreover, these results can be used to set new standards for prescribing the dosage of the herbal drugs prepared from these plant materials.     

Contamination of the coastal sea sediments by heavy metals

The distribution of major and trace elements in the coastal sea sediments along the Eastern Adriatic coast was evaluated. The concentrations of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, and Pb in 376 samples were measured on the grain fraction <2 mm by the use of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Contour maps for concentrations of toxic elements Zn, Cu, As and Pb were produced in order to show metals accumulation areas.     

Assessment of the state of pollution by heavy metals in the surficial sediments of Algiers Bay

Sediment samples were collected at 33 stations from Algiers Bay to determine potential sources of pollution. The analyses were made with X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results give information about the level of concentrations for Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb. Except for Mn and Fe which present a particular distribution (unrelated to the sedimentary facies), the distribution of the different heavy metals is irregular and depends on the bay morphology. The level of pollution by heavy metals of the bottom sediments in Algiers Bay has been shown to be significant compared with that of Surkouf, considered to be a region with low anthropogenic activity. Comparison with previous studies shows: no dependence of the assignation of Mn and Fe on sedimentary facies; high concentration of Cu, Pb and Zn in the vases and high concentration of Cr in the sands with a fine fraction between 50% and 75%.     

21天头低位(-6°)卧床对机体摄入营养状况和头发Zn、Ca、Fe、Cu含量的影响

目的探讨模拟失重对机体摄入营养状况和头发Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ含量的影响。方法受试者－６°头低位卧床２１天,用称量法观察其营养素摄入量变化,记录卧床第１天、１１天和第２１天的体重、尿量和上臂围,同时收集受试者头发,用原子火焰吸收分光光度法测定头发Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ元素的含量。结果膳食Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ在模拟失重第２周降低,第３周后基本恢复正常。头发中的含量第１１天较第１天显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,第２１天恢复原来水平。尿量增加,体重和上臂围无明显变化。结论模拟失重对机体摄入营养状况和头发Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ含量有短期影响,经过适应期后可恢复到正常范围。     

Trace elements in wild and orchard honeys

The present study aims the identification and quantification of trace elements in two types of honey samples: Orchard honey and Wild honey from mainland Portugal. Chemical elements content was assessed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Concentrations were determinated for Ag, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, U, V and Zn. The nutritional values of both honey types were evaluated since this product contains some elements that are essential dietary nutrients for humans. Physical properties of the honey samples, such as electrical conductivy and pH, were assessed as well.