前列腺增生组织中表皮生长因子受体的免疫组化研究

前列腺增生组织中表皮生长因子受体的免疫组化研究李彦锋，方玉华，李黔生，邓晚洪，江军应用免疫组化方法分析了良性前列腺增生患者（ＢＰＨ）、青年正常前列腺（ＹＮＰ）和老年非增生前列腺（ＯＮＰ）组织中表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）、雄激素受体（ＡＲ）、雌激素受...     

表皮生长因子在前列腺带性结构中的分布及意义

目的探讨表皮生长因子(EGF)在前列腺移行带和外周带组织中的分布特征。方法RTPCR法半定量分析17例正常前列腺移行带和外周带组织、20例良性前列腺增生(BPH)组织EGFmRNA表达水平,印迹杂交法(Westernblot)检测EGF蛋白表达。结果正常前列腺移行带和外周带EGFmRNA表达量分别为0.96±0.31、0.53±0.27,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。BPH组织EGFmRNA表达量为1.67±0.25,显著高于正常移行带组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Westernblot方法证实移行带EGF蛋白表达高于外周带,而在BPH组织中表达更强。结论EGF在正常前列腺移行带和外周带组织中的表达存在差异,EGF对移行带生长有重要的促进作用,可能是BPH的发病基础之一。     

多肽生长因子与良性前列腺增生

多肽生长因子与良性前列腺增生邓方明，夏同礼，顾方六良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）的发病原因及发病机制迄今尚未完全阐明。激素代谢紊乱学说虽为众多学者所证实和接受，但它们不能解释ＢＰＨ发生的所有问题。间质－上皮相互作用影响着前列腺的生长、发育和分化。在间质－上...     

表皮生长因子及其受体在前列腺中的作用

表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）及其受体（ＥＧＦＲ）在前列腺的正常发育和病理性生长过程中的作用已成为近年来人们关注的焦点之一。本文综述了ＥＧＦ和ＥＧＦＲ的一般性生物学特性以及在正常前列腺、前列腺增生和前列腺癌中的生物学作用及其与性激素和其他相关生长因子之间的相互关系。     

血小板衍化生长因子与良性前列腺增生的相关研究

慢性前列腺炎和BPH是男性常见的两种疾病,近来研究发现BPH患者的前列腺标本中常伴发炎症细胞浸润,慢性炎症反应中释放的血小板衍化生长因子能诱导前列腺细胞有丝分裂的发生,在促进前列腺细胞增殖中起着重要作用。现就血小板衍化生长因子的生物学特性及其与BPH的相关性做全面的回顾。     

肽类生长因子及其受体与良性前列腺增生

肽类生长因于是一组强有力的细胞生长调节物质，它们与其特异受体结合后发挥作用。目前在前列腺组织中发现了许多这类因子，它们参与了前列腺的生长、分化以及恶性转变等过程。本文主要概述了四种肽类生长因子及其受体在良性前列腺增生发病过程中的作用研究进     

表皮生长因子及其受体在前列腺中作用

表皮生长因于是一种单链多肽生长因子，体外实验证明能刺激前列腺细胞增殖和分化；表皮生长因子受体是一种跨膜糖蛋白，具有酪氢酸激酶活性；前列腺组织中存在表皮生长因子及其受休，它们以自分泌和／或旁分泌方式作用于前列腺，而且与雄激素关系密切并受其调节。     

肥胖与良性前列腺增生

良性前列腺增生(BPH)是老年男性常见病,发病率逐年升高。研究发现肥胖,特别是中心性肥胖在BPH的发生发展过程中扮演着重要角色。本文对近年来肥胖与BPH的流行病学相关性以及作用机制作一综述。     

Regional distribution of epidermal growth factor,testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue

In benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is found to have a regional distribution, with concentrations in the periurethral zone (where the primitive fibrostromal nodule originates) higher than those of the peripheral subcapsular zone. The aim of the present investigation was to verify whether androgens and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are uniformly distributed from the periurethral to the peripheral zone or whether they show regional differences. Tissue samples, removed by transvesical resection from nine untreated BPH patients, sectioned in periurethral, subcapsular, and intermediate zones, were examined. In the periurethral zone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone, and EGF, determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques after purification on Celite microcolumns and Sep-pak C18 cartridge, showed values significantly higher (mean ± SD: 1121±482 pg, 250±129 pg, and 6.89±3.28 ng/mg DNA, respectively;P<0.01) than those of the subcapsular zone (489±190 pg, 114±70 pg, and 3.40±1.90 ng/mg DNA, respectively). A positive linear correlation between EGF, testosterone, and DHT was also observed. The regional distribution of EGF, testosterone, and DHT was similar to that found for bFGF: the highest levels of these factors in the periurethral region allow us to hypothesize on their possible involvement in the rewakening of mesenchymal tissue, leading to the formation of the primitive fibrostromal nodule and then to BPH development.     

Partial purification and characterization of a growth factor from human hyperplastic prostatic tissues

Summary A growth factor capable of stimulating DNA synthesis of Balb/c 3T3 cells was purified by heparin-Sepharose column chromatography about 1900-fold from the cytosol of human prostatic tissues obtained at autopsy or open prostatectomy. This growth factor bound to heparin-Sepharose in the presence of 0.5 mol/l NaCl and was eluted by 1.0–1.55 mol/l NaCl. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 68000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition was determined and compared with the data of other growth factors, which revealed no striking conformity. Distribution of growth factor activity was investigated in mechanically separated prostatic tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The separation scheme provided two fractions: the stromal fraction consisting mainly of fibroblasts, fibers and smooth muscle, and the epithelial fraction consisting of epithelial cells. The specific growth-stimulating activity in the stromal fraction was about 2-fold that in the epithelial fraction. Referred to the total activity of whole tissue, about 74% of the activity could be detected in the stromal fraction, while only about 5% was detectable in the epithelial fraction. This study demonstrates the existence of a growth factor in human benign hyperplastic prostatic tissues, showing a remarkable distribution of growth factor activity, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia.     

Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor but not insulin-like growth factor I decreases the involution of the prostate in castrated rats

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are strong inducers of proliferation to prostate cells cultured in serum-free medium. Accordingly we wanted to study the growth of the prostate gland in castrated rats after treatment with EGF, IGF-I and testosterone. Castrated Wistar rats were treated with growth factors (EGF 35 μg/rat per day; IGF-I 350 μg/rat per day) or testosterone (2 mg/rat per day) for 3 days either immediately after or 10 days after castration. Prostate tissue was examined by stereological and immunohistochemical techniques and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment with EGF inhibited the involution of the prostate (P < 0.05), whereas treatment with IGF-I did not affect the prostate involution as compared to castrated controls. EGF treatment significantly increased the endogenous rat EGF in the ventral prostate, but cellular proliferation was not affected. Testosterone treatment increased the weight of the prostate, by increase of all tissue components of the prostate, and significantly increased cellular proliferation. Systemic administration of EGF but not IGF-I decreased the involution of the rat prostate induced by castration. Compared with testosterone, the effects of EGF treatment on the prostate involution were moderate, and the effects of EGF were not related to cellular proliferation. Received: 20 January 1999 / Accepted: 8 October 1999     

表皮生长因子受体阻断对前列腺癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨阻断表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）对前列腺癌（PCa）细胞增殖的影响。方法：人PCa细胞株DU－145，分别加或不加抗EGFR单抗C225（20nmol/L)阻断EGFR体外细胞培养7d，收集细胞、计数以观察对PCa雄激素非依赖增殖的影响，并采用免疫沉淀和Western blot方法，探讨阻断EGFR后不同时相点磷酸化有丝分裂原激活下蛋白激酶MAPK，及p27^kipl的表达变化。结果：阻断EGFR与对照相比较可使DU－145细胞增殖被抑制达35％，8h后磷酸化MAPK的表达水平开始降低，p27^kip1表达开始升高，至24h最明显。结论：阻断EGFR可抑制PCa细胞增殖，可能的机制是MAPK的活性降低，使p27^kip1的表达升高而细胞周期被阻。     

Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors (p75LNGFR) in human prostate tissue: stromal localisation

β-Nerve growth factor (β-NGF) acts on high- and low-affinity receptors to effect sympathetic innervation. It is produced in the human prostate. This study aimed to demonstrate the presence of β-NGF receptors and the distribution of p75^LNGFR receptor protein in the human prostate. Radioligand binding assays were performed using microsomal preparations from benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) tissues but no specific binding of β-NGF was demonstrated (n = 20). Furthermore, BPH and prostate cancer tissues were stained immunohistochemically for p75^LNGFR. Immunohistochemistry localised p75^LNGFR to tiny areas of prostate stroma postulated to be sympathetic nerves (BPH, n = 15; prostate adenocarcinoma, n = 15). Our results suggest that β-NGF in the human prostate acts on stromal elements which, most likely, represent prostatic nerves. β-NGF may be an epithelial-stromal mediator of sympathetic nerve growth in the human prostate. Received: 5 March 1997 / Accepted: 19 September 1997     

血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3检测在前列腺癌和前列腺增生诊断中的临床意义

目的 :探讨胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF 1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 3(IGFBP 3)对前列腺癌 (PCa)早期诊断的临床意义。方法 :采用免疫放射分析法 (IRMA)检测 32例PCa、33例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)患者和 18例健康人血清IGF 1、IGFBP 3水平。结果 :PCa组血清IGF 1为 (4 89.9± 171.9) μg/L ,明显高于BPH组 (2 81.2±70 .4 ) μg/L和健康组 (2 5 9.6± 6 4 .8) μg/L ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,BPH组与健康组比较差异无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5 )。PCa组血清IGFBP 3为 (6 8.1± 12 .6 ) μg/L ,明显高于BPH组 (5 1.1± 8.8) μg/L和健康组 (4 8.9± 8.1)μg/L ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,BPH组与健康组比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :IGF 1、IGFBP 3有可能成为临床上检测PCa的新的瘤标。     

Introducing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate alongside transurethral resection of the prostate improves outcomes of each procedure

Introduction

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is recognised as an alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). HoLEP has been demonstrated to be at least as effective as TURP with less morbidity but its introduction to practice has been limited in part by the learning curve of a novel procedure. This study examined the effects of introducing HoLEP alongside an established practice of TURP on early morbidity and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients who underwent HoLEP and TURP between April 2007 and July 2011 was undertaken. HoLEP was introduced in April 2008; patients undergoing TURP before this were considered as a historical control group. Data were collected concerning resection/enucleation weight, blood transfusions and LOS.

Results

Overall, 772 patients underwent HoLEP or TURP within the 52-month study period: 164 underwent TURP prior to the introduction of HoLEP (TURP-A), 425 had TURP after the introduction of HoLEP (TURP-B) and 183 underwent HoLEP. The mean removed weight was 24g (standard deviation [SD]: 21g) for TURP-A, 19g for TURP-B (SD: 16g) and 38g (SD: 32g) for HoLEP (p<0.005). Blood transfusion rates were 5.5%, 2.2% and 1.6% for the TURP-A, TURP-B and HoLEP groups respectively (p<0.05). For TURP-A patients, the mean LOS was 5.6 days (SD: 3.5 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.3–6.0 days). The mean LOS for TURP-B patients was 4.4 days (SD: 4.4 days, 95% CI: 4.2–4.8 days). HoLEP patients had a mean LOS of 3.0 days (SD: 3.0 days, 95% CI: 2.6–3.4 days).

Conclusions

The introduction of HoLEP alongside TURP is associated with lower rates of blood transfusion and shorter LOS for all patients. This is likely to be due to the use of HoLEP rather than TURP in patients with larger prostates, who are more likely to have complications.