胆石性肠梗阻12例

1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 1986～2003年上半年我院共收治胆石性肠梗阻12例,男4例,女8例,年龄48～78岁,平均62岁. 12例病人均有经常上腹隐痛史,7例有胆囊结石、胆囊炎发作史,8例伴有其它系统疾病(心血管疾病3例,呼吸系统疾病3例,糖尿病2例).     

胆石性肠梗阻五例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨胆石性肠梗阻的临床特点及诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析5例胆石性肠梗阻患者的临床资料,并复习2000-2009年国内相关文献,对胆石性肠梗阻的发病情况、临床表现、影像学检查、诊断及治疗情况进行总结.结果 本组5例患者中4例为60岁以上女性,其中3例有胆石病史,胆石经胆囊十二指肠瘘排入肠道 另2例有胆肠内引流术史,胆石经内引流口排入肠道.4例行肠切开取石并肠道胆道彻底手术,另1例行单纯肠切开取石 5例患者均手术治愈,术后无复发病例.国内文献复习共获取胆石性肠梗阻有效病例441例,占所有肠梗阻的1.15%,其中女性患者占67.12%,老年患者占73.56%.87.92%的胆石是经胆肠内瘘口排入肠道 64.17%的梗阻位于回肠.术前有71.89%的患者误诊为其他类型肠梗阻.225例行肠切开取石并肠道胆道彻底性手术,其术后复发率及胆囊癌变率低于216例行单纯肠切开取石患者（均P＜0.05） 而术后胆肠瘘、切口感染、肺部感染、治愈率及死亡率两种术式间差异则无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）.结论 胆石性肠梗阻发病率低,以老年女性多见 胆石多经胆肠内瘘口进入肠道,梗阻部位以回肠多见.单纯肠切开取石术后有一定的复发及胆囊癌变风险,故若患者全身情况允许,应首选肠切开取石并胆道肠道彻底性手术.     

胆石性肠梗阻的诊治进展

胆石性肠梗阻是胆石症的罕见并发症之一,多见于老年患者.该病临床表现缺乏典型性,术前确诊有很大难度,腹部CT平扫是首选的诊断方式.手术治疗是目前最主要的治疗手段,要根据患者的自身情况,选择个体化的手术方式.内镜、腹腔镜等微创取石术是很有前景的治疗手段,随着相关技术的发展将会越来越多的运用于胆石性肠梗阻的治疗.     

腹腔内脏器多处损伤168例诊治体会

1988年6月至1998年6月,我院共收治腹部内脏多处损伤患者168例,其中闭合性损伤139例(82.7%),开放性损伤29例(17.3%); 腹部单个器官多处损伤42例25.0%),两个或两个以上脏器损伤126例(75.0%).168例中有腹部以外严重合并伤者103例(61.3%),其中颅脑损伤18例,胸部损伤42例,胸腰椎骨折8例.本组中行剖腹手术者165例(98.2%)共167例次,死亡9例(5.5%),死于休克合并多器官功能衰竭6例,死于膈下感染并发败血症2例,死于术后并发肺栓塞1例.行保守疗法者3例,均死亡,其死亡原因主要是休克和多器官功能衰竭.     

胆石性肠梗阻4例报告

回顾性分析了4例胆石性肠梗阻病人发病的过程及其诊治情况。4例均于术中确诊，并于梗阻近段切开小肠取出结石，横向关闭小肠切口，术后无并发症，痊愈出院。笔者认为胆石性肠梗阻不易早期诊断；其自身有发病的固有规律，即具有胆囊炎胆石症特点，转变成机械性肠梗阻的临床表现。胆石性肠梗阻有其特征性表现：突发性腹痛、呕吐与症状减轻或完全消失的交替性变化的表现。掌握这些规律和特点再结合影像学检查，有助于早期诊断和治疗。     

胆石性肠梗阻16例诊治体会

我院自1986年1月至1998年5月收治胆石性肠梗阻16例,占同期516例肠梗阻的2.7%,现就其诊断与治疗体会总结如下.     

胆石性肠梗阻的诊断与治疗

回顾性分析12例胆石性肠梗阻的临床资料。术前确诊率为83.3%,有8例（66.7%）表现为突发性腹痛、呕吐,自行缓解或治疗后症状减轻及消失的交替性变化的特征,即“滚动性肠梗阻”。12例均经手术治疗,其中二期手术8例（66.7%）,1例采用一期手术解决肠道梗阻同时处理病变胆囊和内瘘。3例胆肠内引流术后患者均一期行肠管切开取石,胆肠吻合口切开取石整形术。手术并发症发生率为41.7%,均治愈,无死亡病例。提示：滚动性梗阻是胆石性肠梗阻的特征表现,及时的B超和X线检查有助于早期明确诊断,手术治疗是治疗胆石性肠梗阻最有效的方法。     

胆石性肠梗阻的诊断与治疗

胆石性肠梗阻是一种较为少见的机械性肠梗阻,多因胆囊巨大结石通过胆肠内瘘排入肠道引起阻塞性肠梗阻.治疗的关键是梗阻原因的诊断,治疗方法主要为手术治疗.2013年4月苏州大学附属第二医院收治了1例老年胆石性肠梗阻患者.术前经X线片和CT检查胆囊壁增厚与十二指肠粘连窦道形成,左髂区机械性肠梗阻（胆源性结石直径约4 cm）,内科治疗3d后行急诊剖腹探查＋取石术治疗肠梗阻,术中见胆囊无结石,与家属沟通后未切除胆囊,术后随访观察.随访至2013年12月患者恢复较好,复查B超胆囊肠道内瘘口未显示,胆囊炎症消退.     

胆石性肠梗阻的诊断和治疗

目的 本文旨在提高对胆石性肠梗阻的认识，及时明确诊断和手术治疗。方法 回顾性分析15例胆石性肠梗阻的临床及影像学资料。结果 15例均经手术治愈，5例术前确诊为胆石性肠梗阻，但入院前确诊仅1例。结论 提高胆石性肠梗阻发生的警惕性，早期诊断和早期手术，取得最佳治疗效果是可能的。     

Laparoscopic management of gallstone ileus.

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon entity that was first described by Bartholin in 1654. Despite advances in perioperative care, morbidity and mortality remain high in patients with gallstone ileus because: 1) they are geriatric patients; 2) they often have multiple comorbidities; 3) presentation to the hospital is delayed; 4) many are volume depleted with electrolyte abnormalities; and 5) the diagnosis of gallstone ileus is difficult to make. Traditional management has entailed open laparotomy with relief of intestinal obstruction by enterotomy and stone extraction. Cholecystectomy and takedown of the cholecystoenteric fistula can be performed. We propose an alternative method of management in an attempt to limit operative trauma and improve morbidity and mortality. We review the literature and describe two patients with gallstone ileus who were managed laparoscopically. One patient underwent laparoscopic assisted enterolithotomy, and the other patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with disimpaction of the gallstone into the large bowel. They were discharged after their ileus had resolved on the fourth and sixth postoperative day, respectively. Laparoscopy is a powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tool that can be effectively used to treat gallstone ileus.     

Management of gallstone ileus

Background/Purpose. Gallstone ileus is an uncommon complication of cholelithiasis in the elderly with a high morbidity and mortality rate. This study aims to clarify the current surgical management. Methods/results. In a retrospective survey over the past 11 years there were 9 patients with gallstone ileus, all elderly (mean age, 77 years), among 2242 cholecystectomies (0.4%) and 243 operated small intestinal obstructions (3.7%). Urgent laparotomy confirmed gallstone obstruction and a cholecystoduodenal (89%) or cholecystocolonic (11%) fistula. The operation included enterolithotomy alone (3 high-risk cases) or plus fistula repair and cholecystectomy (6 cases). There were 3 postoperative complications including wound dehiscence, wound infection, and obstructive jaundice (morbidity, 37.5%) and 1 death due to myocardial infarction (mortality, 11%). On follow-up (mean, 5 years), 6 patients with cholecystectomy (in 1 case it was performed 2 months after the initial operation) and 1 patient with enterolithotomy alone are well; there was 1 death from an unrelated cause after 1 year. Conclusion. It seems that a one-stage procedure (enterolithotomy plus fistula repair and cholecystectomy), when feasible, should be the first choice. Enterolithotomy alone should be reserved for only unstable and difficult cases.     

The operative management of gallstone ileus

INTRODUCTION

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon entity, which accounts for 1–4% of all presentations to hospital with small bowel obstruction and for up to 25% of all cases in patients over 65 years of age. Despite medical advances over the last 350 years, gallstone ileus is still associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The management of gallstone ileus remains controversial. Whilst open surgery has been the mainstay of treatment, more recently other approaches have been employed, including laparoscopic surgery and lithotripsy. However, controversy persists primarily in relation to the extent of surgery performed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A literature review was performed in an attempt to discover the optimal surgical treatment of gallstone ileus, particularly the timing of biliary surgery. Published articles were identified from the medical literature by electronic searches of Pubmed and Ovid Medline databases, using the search terms ‘gallstone ileus’, ‘gallstone/intestinal obstruction’ and ‘gallstone/bowel obstruction’. The related articles function of the search engines was also used to maximise the number of articles identified. Relevant articles were retrieved and additional articles were identified from the references cited in these articles.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The literature on gallstone ileus is composed entirely of retrospective analysis of small numbers of patients accumulated over many years. The question as to whether one stage or interval biliary surgery should be performed remains unanswered and it is unlikely that further case series will help decision making in the management of gallstone ileus. Whilst many authors conclude that enterolithotomy alone is the best option in most patients, a one-stage procedure should be considered for low-risk patients.     

Laparoscopically assisted enterolithotomy for a gallstone ileus in an atypical location

Mechanical intestinal obstructions caused by gallstones occur in approximately 1% to 2% of cases. In most of the patients, the obstruction occurs at the ileocecal valve. However, gallstones may cause obstruction anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the sigmoid colon. Laparoscopically assisted enterolithotomy can be used as a treatment method. This report describes a case in which a gallstone blockage caused a mechanical obstruction in an atypical location, which was successfully treated with a laparoscopically assisted approach. No grants were used in support of this project.     

Recurrent small bowel obstruction after laparoscopic surgery for gallstone ileus

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction. A patient presenting with gallstone ileus was managed in our department by laparoscopic enterolithotomy. Postoperatively, the patient developed recurrent small bowel obstruction due to the presence of a second gallstone. It is therefore important to exclude the possibility of multiple gallstones at the initial operation.     

Management and outcome of recurrent gallstone ileus: A systematic review

AIM: To help the surgeon in decision making when treating a patient with recurrent gallstone ileus (RGSI).METHODS: A systematic review related to RGSI was performed using the databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed from May 1912 to April 2015. All languages were included and the grey literature was also searched. The abstracts were explored for relevance to the topic and full texts obtained as appropriate. A manual search was carried out by scrutinising the reference lists of all the full text articles and further articles were identified and obtained. Total of 903 articles were identified, 656 were excluded after abstract review, 247 full text articles were reviewed and 91 articles selected for final analysis. There were 113 cases of RGSI.RESULTS: There were 113 cases of RGSI reported in 91 articles. The majority of the recurrences, 62.6%, occurred within 6 wk of the index event. The male to female ratio was 1:7. The mean age was 69.6 years (SD 11.2) with a range of 38-95 years. The small bowel was the commonest site of impaction (92.2%). Treatment data was available for 104 patients. The two main operations performed were: (1) Enterolithotomy without repair of biliary fistula in 70.1% of all patients with a procedural mortality rate of 16.4% (12/73) and (2) a single stage surgery approach involving enterolithotomy with cholecystectomy and repair of the biliary enteric fistula in 16.3% with a procedural mortality of 11.7% (2/17). A subset analysis over last 25 years showed mortality from eneterolithotomy was 4.8% while single stage mortality was 22.2%. Enterolithotomy alone was the commonest operation performed for RGSI with four patients (5.4%) having a further recurrence of gallstone ileus.CONCLUSION: Enterolithotomy alone or followed by a delayed two-stage treatment approach is the preferred choice offering low mortality and reduced risk of recurrence.     

A case of gallstone ileus displaying spontaneous closure of cholecystoduodenal fistula after enterolithotomy

INTRODUCTIONGallstone ileus, a rare complication of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis, is a relatively rare cause of alimentary tract obstruction. It is usually associated with a cholecystoenteric fistula through which a gallstone has passed into the gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystoenteric fistula uncommonly closes spontaneously, the period between formation and closure having rarely been reported. In addition, endoscopic detection of cholecystoenteric fistulous closure has seldom been reported.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report a 51-year-old Japanese man with gallstone ileus in whom spontaneous closure of a cholecystoduodenal fistula was observed by endoscopy 2 weeks after laparoscopy-assisted enterolithotomy.DISCUSSIONLaparoscopy-assisted enterolithotomy for gallstone ileus allows direct diagnosis of gallstone ileus and assessment of the status of adhesions affecting the biliary tract.CONCLUSIONEndoscopic confirmation of fistulous closure after laparoscopy-assisted enterolithotomy is a minimally invasive approach that may avert the need for biliary surgery.