一种水性环氧固化剂的合成与性能研究

合成了一种室温固化水性环氧树脂固化剂.采用聚乙二醇(PEG - 2000),双酚A型环氧树脂(CYD - 128)以及三乙烯四胺(TETA)为原料,将PEG - 2000和CYD - 128在Lewis酸的催化下反应,在固化剂分子中引入亲水性的柔性聚醚链段;用上述产物和低分子量的液体环氧树脂对三乙烯四胺进行改性,同时在固化剂分子中引入了环氧树脂分子链段,以提高固化剂与水性环氧树脂的相容性;加入去离子水,将其稀释至固含量为50%(质量分数)左右,得到一种稳定的无色透明的环氧固化剂水分散体.     

特殊人造岩心的类型及应用

介绍了石英砂环氧树脂胶结人造岩心的技术及优点以及特殊人造岩心的类型和应用,包括含粘土或砾岩颗粒人造岩心、特低渗岩心和带裂缝岩心以及加长的方形岩心和平面岩心的不同井网部署,平面可视胶结和填砂模型.石英砂环氧树脂胶结制备的人造岩心可以模拟砂岩油藏,在非均质性、渗透率、孔隙度方面模拟度高,实验的可对比性好,外观形状具备任意性。     

环氧聚氨酯乳液的黏度和稳定性

采用聚酰胺对环氧树脂进行扩链后并进行阳离子化改性,共混入聚氨酯固化剂,用外加乳化剂进行相反转,制得了环氧聚氨酯乳液,研究了溶剂用量及溶剂配比、改性环氧树脂相对分子质量大小、水溶性及固化剂用量等对乳液黏度和稳定性的影响.实验发现:树脂体系中溶剂量存在一临界值为8.8%(质量分数,下同),当溶剂量高于8.8%时,较难发生相反转,制得的乳液不稳定;当溶剂用量低于8.8%时,能发生相反转,且乳液稳定性好;疏水性的二甲苯部分代替亲水性的乙二醇单丁醚,能显著降低改性环氧树脂的黏度和最终乳液的黏度.当聚酰胺用量为环氧树脂用量的6.0%~6.5%时,中和度达65%,改性环氧树脂水溶性较好;控制固化剂量为改性环氧树脂量的15.0%~20.0%时,制得的乳液稳定性好.     

光稳定性复合微粒子的合成与性质

用胺类硅烷偶联剂对亲水性SiO2微粒子表面进行处理,然后和1.2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶醇与环氧树脂的产物反应,得到具有受阻胺光稳定剂(HAIS)构造的复合微粒子.研究了该粒子的化学结构及性质;评价了粒子与环氧树脂共混后的材料性能.     

甲基四氢苯酐的制备新工艺

<正>甲基四氢苯酐(MTHPA)是电子信息材料、医药、农药、树脂、国防工业方面的重要中间体.它具有低熔点、低毒、低挥发性等特点,使用方便,与环氧树脂的反应活性高、混溶性好,使用该固化剂的环氧树脂固化物的电气绝缘性能和机械性能优良.近年来,随着电机、电子、电器行业对绝缘性能可靠性要求的不断提高,该类固化剂的应用发展迅速,具有较好的市场前景.世界年产量3万吨,产值超过3亿元,且每年以16%～20%的速度增长.它们主要用于环氧树脂高档     

管式间接蒸发冷却器管外亲水膜的实验研究

针对管式间接蒸发冷却系统中对换热管性能的要求,研发并制备了铝箔表面亲水膜,测定了该亲水膜的亲水性、持续亲水性,并据此探讨涂膜的亲水机理.实验结果表明,该亲水膜的亲水效果较好,水在表面的接触角小于10°;同时该膜有较好的耐水性能,在经过10个干湿循环后,水在表面的接触角仍然小于20°;加入表面活性剂后,涂膜的亲水性有明显改善;采用涂层法将该溶液整理在铝箔试样表面可以形成均匀且坚固的亲水膜,初期亲水性和持续亲水性都较好.     

水性环氧树脂改性水泥砂浆性能的研究

合成了高沸醇木质素环氧树脂亲水衍生物和水性环氧树脂乳液，并用红外光谱对高沸醇木质素环氧树脂亲水衍生物进行了表征．研究了乳化剂用量对水性环氧树脂稳定性的影响，并用环境扫描电镜对试样形貌进行了表征．结果表明，当乳化剂用量大于环氧树脂质量份的13％时，水性环氧树脂稳定；水性环氧树脂乳液对水泥砂浆韧性的改善要好于高沸醇木质素环氧树脂亲水衍生物；环境扫描电镜结果表明，聚合物在水泥水化产物表面形成了三维结构．     

大尺寸石英砂环氧树脂胶结人造岩心制备

大尺寸人造岩心不仅可以模拟储层的非均质性、注采井网关系,还可以模拟油水在平面或者纵向上的运移规律及饱和度分布,近年来大尺寸人造岩心被广泛地应用在油气藏开发各类物理模拟实验中。为制作出与真实油藏物性尽可能接近的大尺寸人造岩心,从渗透率、孔隙结构、润湿性控制、黏土矿物添加等方面研究了其制作工艺,并研究了石英砂粒度中值、加压强度、胶粘剂用量、黏土矿物含量等对人造岩心渗透率和孔隙度的影响。通过介绍的制作方法实际制作了与某非均质油藏物性相似的层内、层间、平面非均质大尺寸石英砂环氧树脂胶结人造岩心,物性参数测定结果显示制作的大尺寸非均质人造岩心渗透率、孔隙结构等物性参数与实际油藏非常接近,可以代替真实油藏岩心进行部分模拟实验,为油藏物理模拟实验的发展提供了新的技术和手段。     

水乳环氧树脂对水硬性凝胶工作液性能的影响

水硬性凝胶形成的固化隔段强度低、胶结差、孔缝裂隙多,在精细控压钻井起下钻过程中难以有效封隔油气层并防止流体上窜。为了解决这一难题,室内采用一种水乳环氧树脂CQ-WERE和配套固化剂CU-900作为性能改善剂,研究其对水硬性凝胶工作液流变性能和固化隔段力学性能的影响,并分析了其改善凝胶隔段力学性能的机理。结果表明:水乳环氧树脂与水硬性凝胶工作液相容性好,对凝胶工作液的流动度和流变参数影响小,水硬性凝胶工作液的稠化时间随着水乳环氧树脂加量的增加而缩短;水乳环氧树脂可以明显提高水硬性凝胶隔段的抗压强度及其与管壁面的胶结强度,当水乳环氧树脂质量分数为3%时,120℃养护5 h后,水硬性凝胶隔段抗压强度及与管壁面胶结强度分别达到4. 61 MPa、1. 31 MPa/m;同时固化隔段自身胶结好,在承压封气装置中突破压力不小于1. 25 MPa/m隔段;形成的固化隔段可钻性级值为2级,采用钻头即可快速钻除。由于水乳环氧树脂与水硬性凝胶工作液结合后的减水作用、固化交联作用形成特殊的键桥,能减少微观缺陷、增强致密性、阻止裂缝扩展,起到改善凝胶隔段的力学特性。     

苯甲酸铜固化环氧树脂的机理研究

采用苯甲酸铅做固化剂，通过对环氧树脂固化物的红外光谱及DSC曲线分析，认为苯甲酸铅是一种催化型固化剂，它与环氧树脂混合后首先形成过渡状态，然后按双分子亲核取代（SN2）机理进行开环反应。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to