SBS-g-MMA的合成及热降解动力学分析

将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与SBS接枝共聚制得SBS-g-MMA接枝共聚物.利用热分析法研究了该共聚物在升温速率为10 K·min-1的N2气、O2气气氛中的热降解过程与热降解动力学.确定了SBS-g-MMA在N2气气氛下的热降解过程分2步完成,第1步热降解温度为530～720 K,第2步热降解温度为 720～830 K;在O2气气氛下的热降解过程分3步完成,第1步热降解温度为477～597 K,第2步热降解温度为597～714 K,第3步热降解温度为714～774 K.在N2气气氛下的热降解过程的平均活化能Ea=376.27 kJ·mol-1,微分机理函数f(α)=(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]-2/3,指前因子lnA=73.029,积分机理函数g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]3,指前因子lnA=64.220;在O2气气氛下的热降解过程较为复杂,实验结果不明确.     

西山无烟煤的纯氧燃烧特性及动力学分析

利用热重分析法研究西山无烟煤(XSA)在氧气气氛下的燃烧特性,分析燃烧反应动力学三因子：活化能、机理函数和指前因子。实验结果表明,升温速率对XSA的燃烧特性有显著影响,升温速率越大,XSA的着火指数(Ii)、燃尽指数(If)、火焰燃烧稳定指数(Fith)、综合燃烧特性指数(S)增加越明显。采用等转化率的FWO(Flynn-Wall-Ozawa)和KAS(Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose)方法得到XSA纯氧燃烧反应的平均活化能为138.006 kJ/mol,主曲线法确定的反应最概然机理函数为G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]^1/2,反应遵循随机成核和随后生长机理模型,指前因子ln A为20.248 min^-1,为无烟煤在各应用领域的纯氧燃烧技术开发提供实验数据和理论基础。     

气卸蒙古煤在氧气中的燃烧特性

在不同升温速率条件下研究气卸蒙古煤在氧气中的燃烧行为,得出燃烧过程的动力学方程和动力学参数.用等转化率法求得其在氧气中燃烧的活化能为199.81kJ·mol-1;用主曲线法确定燃烧过程的最可几机理函数的积分式为G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]m,m=1.29±0.02,由Ea和G(α)求得指前因子lnA/s-1为29.95±0.04.另外,根据煤的燃烧特性指数R的大小,得出升温速率越小,R值越大,则气卸蒙古煤的燃烧特性愈好;在实验范围内煤粒径尺寸越小越容易燃烧.     

单一非等温DSC曲线确定烷氧羰基乙基三氯化锡配合物的热分解动力学参数

利用国产CDR-4P型差动热分析仪测得DSC曲线,利用积分法和微分法逻辑选择确定了β-烷氧羰基乙基三氯化锡配合物热分解的最可几数学机理函数F(a)=[-ln(1-a)]2/3;f(a)=3/2(1-a)[-ln(1-a)]1/3,从而计算出指前因子和活化能分别为logA＝25.6和E＝283.4 kJ/mol, logA＝24.7和E＝278.6 kJ/mol.     

热分析动力学的多升温速率等温法及其应用

提出了多升温速率等温法确定热分析动力学可能的机理函数g(α);用迭代的等转化率法求出较为可靠的活化能Ea;在Ea和g(α)的基础上计算出指前因子A.用该法对二水草酸镍(NiC2O4·2H2O)脱水反应的热分析动力学三因子进行了研究,得出Ea为96.55 kJ/mol;A为7.746×107～9.415×107s-1;其对应的机理函数为随机成核和随后生长(Avrami-Erofeer),调节函数Am,其积分形式g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]1/m和微分形式f(α)=m(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]1-1/m,调节因子m=1.55～1.70.用该法求算动力学三因子,结果可靠,重现性较好,具有一定的可比性.     

三种糖类物质的热降解动力学研究

以TGA为手段，研究了壳聚糖、β-环糊精、淀粉在氮气环境下的非等温热降解动力学，采用Owaza和Friedman方法，计算了三种物质的降解动力学活化能，并使用Coats-Redfern法计算了三种物质的反应机理函数和指前因子. 结果表明：壳聚糖、β-环糊精、淀粉降解活化能分别是147.1，129.1和148.3kJ/mol,机理函数是-ln(1-α),［-ln(1-α)］2/5和［-ln(1-α)］1/2；lnA为7.7838，8.6499和7.8688min-1.     

单一非等温DSC曲线确定烷氧碳基乙基三氯化锡配合物的热分解动力学参数

利用国产CDR－4P型差动热分析你测得DSC曲线，利用积分法和微分法逻辑选择确定了β－烷氧烷基乙基三氯化锡配合物热分解的最可几数学机理函数F（α）＝[-ln(1-α）]^2/3；f(a)＝3／2（1－a)[-ln(1-a)]^1/3，从而计算出指前因子和活化能分别为logA=25．6和E=293．4kJ/mol，logA=24．7和E＝278．6kJ/mol。     

水溶性壳聚糖的热分解动力学研究

利用多重扫描速率法研究了商品水溶性壳聚糖(盐酸盐)的热分解反应动力学.主分解过程可以分为两个阶段,首先是高分子盐的分解,其次是高分子链的解聚合,两个阶段的反应活化能E和指前因子lnA值分别为173.99±2.63,128.97±1.87 kJ·mol-1和35.28±0.62,24.69±0.44 min-1.利用Achar微分法判定该物质两个阶段的热分解最概然机理函数相同,为f(α)＝ 1-α,该模型属于每个颗粒上只有一个核心的随机成核和随后生长机理.     

镁钙砂表面碳酸化反应动力学计算中的数据处理

用数值分析法对镁钙砂碳酸化反应热重试验数据进行平滑处理,减小了因镁钙砂的显微结构特性导致的热重试验微商数据离散程度对动力学计算的影响,提高了线性拟合相关系数.用模式配合法确定了镁钙砂碳酸化反应动力学"三因子",结果表明:反应前期(α＜33%)表观活化能Ea为31.9 kJ/mol,指前因子A为0.23 s-1,最可几机理可用随机成核、随后生长模式函数Avrami-Erofeev方程描述,其微分表达式为n＝2的Avrami-Erofeev方程,f(α) =(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]-1/2;反应后期 (α＞33%)表观活化能Ea为101.8 kJ/mol,指前因子A为6.4×102,最可几机理可用三维扩散模式函数D3描述,其微分表达式为Jander方程,f(α) = 3 (1-α)2/3/(2 (1-(1-α)1/3).     

氢氧化铁引发含硫油品储罐自燃的动力学机制

含硫油品储罐自燃火灾事故的根本原因是罐壁铁锈被含硫油品腐蚀生成具有自燃倾向性的腐蚀产物,这些腐蚀产物自燃而引起油罐火灾。通过硫化试验模拟储罐内壁氢氧化铁硫化产物,对其进行热分析试验,应用非模型法和"主曲线法"确定氢氧化铁硫化产物的动力学机制。结果表明,氢氧化铁硫化产物在氧化反应阶段的热重曲线可分为两个主要的失重阶段:第一失重阶段符合随机成核和随后生长反应动力学反应机制,其模型函数为g(a)=[-ln(1-a)]0.673 1,平均活化能E=124.25 kJ/mol,指前因子A=4.45×1013s-1;第二失重阶段符合相边界动力学反应机制,模型函数g(a)=1-(1-a)0.45,平均活化能E=218.42 kJ/mol,指前因子A=1.07×108s-1。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to