基于固相萃取的微量糖蛋白糖基化修饰表征技术的建立

结合自制亲水固相萃取富集柱和生物质谱鉴定技术,实现了糖基化蛋白质核糖核酸酶B的糖含量测定、糖基化位点确认、聚糖富集及结构表征,以及不同糖型相对丰度分析。结果表明:其糖含量8.47%,糖基化位点为34位的Asn,糖链主要为5种高甘露糖型结构(Man5-9GlcNAc2)。所建立的HILIC富集技术,有利于针对微量生物样本,如生物工程药物糖蛋白及重要功能糖蛋白,开展位点特异性糖链结构解析,为糖蛋白质的药效或功能研究提供线索。     

基质辅助激光解吸附电离-飞行时间串联质谱研究重组人促红细胞生成素一级结构

建立了生物质谱研究rhEPO一级结构的系列方法,包括分子量、唾液酸含量以及N-糖含量等糖基化性质的测定方法,并用于4种国产rhEPO样品的分析;在此基础上优化酶切条件,使测定的肽质量指纹谱(PMF)的覆盖率均达到98%,成功鉴定了4个样品中的全部N-糖基化位点以及对分子中两对二硫键进行了结构确证,测定4个样品分子量分别为27754.1±27.4Da、27941.4±23.2Da、27682.5±22.0Da和27914.7±22.5Da;唾液酸含量分别为5.0%、4.8%、5.6%和5.4%;糖含量分别为34.3%、34.7%、34.1%和34·6%。此外还对4种产品在O-连接糖型及N-连接糖型上的区别做了初步探讨。     

利用亲水富集策略分析人血浆中N-糖基化蛋白及N-糖类型

蛋白质的N-糖基化是最重要的翻译后修饰之一,许多已知的血浆肿瘤诊断标志物及治疗靶标都是N-糖基化蛋白。针对血浆的糖蛋白质组研究有利于发现新的蛋白标志物。然而,血浆蛋白质浓度分布的动态范围非常宽,且同一位点上的糖链存在微观不均一性,影响了血浆中糖蛋白的鉴定效率。本文利用亲水材料ZIC-HILIC制备亲水富集柱分别对人血浆中的N-糖链和N-糖肽进行富集,并结合碱性反相色谱进行肽段的预分离和高准确度质谱分析,最终在健康人的血浆中鉴定到了299个糖基化蛋白、637个糖基化位点,并识别出31种不同的糖型。在这些鉴定到的糖基化位点中,新发现有107个N-糖基化位点(占总位点数的16.8%)。本方法操作简单,可以有效富集N-糖肽和N-糖,为在血浆中寻找糖蛋白和糖链生物标志物提供了可靠的手段。     

基于ConA富集和LTQ-FT质谱鉴定的小鼠肝脏内质网N-糖蛋白质组研究

糖基化修饰是生物体内复杂和重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰方式之一.N-糖基化蛋白质在内质网中进行合成的过程中,所有的N-糖链都以甘露糖和葡萄糖结尾,而凝集素ConA对以甘露糖结尾的糖链有较高的亲和性,可以用来富集在内质网中合成的N-糖蛋白质.本文据此提出了一种基于内质网分离和凝集素ConA富集的复杂样品N-糖基化位点研究策略.通过使用高准确度的质谱线性离子阱-傅立叶变换回旋离子共振质谱对N-糖蛋白质进行鉴定,并对N-糖基化位点进行确定.我们采用模式生物C57BL/6J肝脏作为生物样本,在生物水平和质谱水平分别进行了3次重复,共鉴定了212个N-糖蛋白质的323个N-糖基化位点.在这些蛋白中,131个是Swissprot库中已确认的N-糖蛋白质.此方法富集的糖蛋白,糖型统一,有利于样品的分离和PNGaseF酶切作用,提高了鉴定的效率.对鉴定的212个N-糖蛋白质的定位和功能进行了分析,本文鉴定的N-糖蛋白质对现有的鼠肝N-糖蛋白质数据库进行了有效的补充.     

中药多糖及人血清中糖蛋白N-糖链的毛细管电泳指纹图谱研究

该文建立了激光诱导荧光毛细管电泳(CE-LIF)检测中药多糖和人血清糖蛋白中N-糖链的分析方法。利用8-氨基芘-1,3,6-三磺酸钠(APTS)为柱前荧光衍生试剂,结合CE分析,可在15 min内同时测定7种中性单糖。该方法应用于中药制剂和药物植物中单糖组成和含量的测定,加标回收率为88.0%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.0%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好、实用可靠,适合于监控中药制剂中糖类物质的种类和含量。同时,基于毛细管凝胶电泳方法(CGE)建立了人血清中糖蛋白的N-糖链指纹图谱。利用中性涂层聚乙烯醇(PVA)有效地抑制电渗流,增加分离时间,实现了糖链异构体的有效分离。对5μL人血清进行毛细管电泳分析,共分离得到17个组分。这为进一步研究复杂生物体系血清蛋白的糖基化变化提供了可能性。     

β-伴大豆球蛋白的N-糖基化位点及其N-糖链的质谱分析

以β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin)为研究对象,利用Trypsin和Pepsin酶对其进行水解,以Con A亲和层析柱富集纯化糖肽,并用糖苷酶PNGase F和Endo H分别酶解糖肽,再采用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)和串联质谱(MS/MS)对所得肽段的氨基酸序列及糖链的结构进行了分析,最后通过数据库检索对分析结果进行验证.结果表明,β-conglycinin具有5个N-糖基化位点,分别为α亚基的199和455位天冬酰胺(Asn),α'亚基的215和489位Asn及β亚基的326位Asn,且每个糖基化位点均被H5N2,H6N2,H7N2和H8N2这4种高甘露糖型N-糖链所修饰.本研究为各种糖蛋白的糖基化位点及其对应的糖链结构的鉴定分析提供了方法参考,并为深入理解大豆糖蛋白抗原表位的特异性及致敏机理提供了依据.     

基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱和电喷雾电离质谱在辣根过氧化物酶糖肽结构分析中的应用

糖链结构的质谱解析是今后糖蛋白分析中的重要研究内容,其中完整糖肽的分析,由于可以同时获得糖基化位点和对应糖链的结构信息,更具有重要意义和研究前景。本工作对质谱软电离技术在完整糖肽分析中的应用进行了研究,其中包括了基质辅助激光解吸电离(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, MALDI)和电喷雾电离(electrospray ionization, ESI)技术。通过平行使用两种串联质谱(tandem mass spectrometry, MS/MS)分析策略: MALDI-MS/MS和ESI-MS/MS对目标糖蛋白——辣根过氧化物酶进行分析,并讨论了其互补性。结果表明,MALDI和ESI技术各有优劣,结合串联质谱分析,可获得糖肽的糖链结构信息;两条路线互补使用,在揭示蛋白质糖基化修饰(位点和结构)的研究中十分必要。     

基于质谱的蛋白质O-糖基化分析研究进展

蛋白质的O-糖基化是一种重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰,它和N-糖基化一样是蛋白质糖基化修饰的主要形式。蛋白质的O-糖基化对蛋白质的结构功能有重要的影响,因此分析蛋白质的O-糖基化具有重要的生物学意义。蛋白质O-糖基化分析包含4个方面的内容:(1)鉴定O-糖基化蛋白质的种类; (2)鉴定糖基化位点; (3)鉴定糖链结构; (4)糖链的定量分析。由于缺少保守的O-糖基化氨基酸特征序列,缺乏通用的糖苷酶以及O-糖链结构的复杂性等原因,基于质谱的蛋白质O-糖基化的分析目前仍处于方法开发阶段。本文主要介绍基于质谱的O-糖基化蛋白质的分析方法学在近期取得的一些进展,包括以下4个方面:O-糖蛋白/多肽的富集、O-糖链的解离、O-糖链的结构分析及O-糖基化定量分析。     

糖基化肽段库构建和高通量检索新方法

本研究组发展了全新的高通量糖基化肽段检索新方法, 并开发了检索软件GRIP. 新的检索方法突出了糖肽在CID碎裂时糖链发生连续丢失的特性, 同时充分运用了来自糖基化研究中已有的成熟技术所检测的位点及糖链信息, 高通量地自动解析完整糖肽的串级质谱. 我们检测了人血清样品中的糖肽, 在3次实验中一共鉴定得到4116张糖肽的串级谱图, 对应198个N-糖基化位点, 充分体现了糖基化的微观不均一性. 目前国际上关于血清糖肽谱图鉴定报道为62张谱图; 改进后的肼腙富集法鉴定到了36个N-糖基化位点; 本次鉴定结果的规模和质量均未见报道.     

微量生物样品中糖蛋白N-糖链电喷雾电离质谱分析前处理方法的建立

基于电喷雾电离质谱检测技术,建立了一种可靠、高效、简单,适合于微量糖蛋白N-糖链解离、富集纯化的方法.以糖蛋白牛胰核糖核酸酶(Rib B)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)为模型蛋白直接酶解,比较了4种方法纯化酶解样品的效果.比较了直接酶解和经过聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜富集后酶解微量复杂生物来源样品胎牛血清的酶解效果,最终建立了微量生物样品中糖蛋白N-糖链的质谱分析前处理方法.采用PVDF膜吸附复杂生物样品中的糖蛋白,N-糖苷酶F(PNGase F)酶直接在膜上完成糖链释放(37℃,24 h),采用微晶纤维素柱结合石墨碳柱对糖链进行富集纯化,用于微克级胎牛血清和健康人血清中N-糖链质谱分析的前处理.本方法通用性好,在微量生物样品糖链质谱分析检测的前处理方面具有一定应用价值.     

Determination of binding sites in carboplatin-bound cytochrome c using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry

Interaction of carboplatin with cytochrome c (Cyt. c) has been investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). ESI-MS studies revealed that the ring-opened adducts of carboplatin with Cyt. c were formed in the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 at pH 5.0 and 37 degrees C and in the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 only at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. It was also found that Cyt. c could be cleaved by carboplatin at pH 2.5 and 50 degrees C. The cleaved fragments of Cyt. c were determined by ESI-MS and MS/MS analysis to be Glu66 approximately Met80, Ac-Gly01 approximately Met65, Glu66 approximately Glu104, Ac-Gly01 approximately Met80 and Ile81 approximately Glu104. The carboplatin prefers to anchor to Met65 first, then to Met80. To further confirm the binding site of Met, AcMet-Gly was used as the model molecule to investigate its interaction with carboplatin and its hydrolysis reaction. On the basis of species detected during the reaction monitored by ESI-MS, a possible pathway of the cleavage reaction was proposed.     

纳升电喷雾串联质谱法确证阿托西班的一级结构

利用电喷雾串联质谱对合成八肽阿托西班进行了二硫键还原前后的精确分子量测定和一级结构的确证.首先通过全扫描模式测定了其还原前后的精确分子量,然后选择母离子m/z 498.73(双电荷)通过串联质谱(MS/MS)得到碎片离子,采用Y离子的方法测定了阿托西班的序列并对其的修饰位点进行了确证.本方法具有灵敏度高、速度快、样品无需纯化等特点,在多肽类药物一级结构分析方面具有独特的优势.     

一种基于肽质量指纹谱技术鉴定蓖麻毒素的新方法

应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALD I-TOF/MS)法实现了对蓖麻毒素(R ic in)的鉴定。测定蓖麻毒素的分子量为62925Da,实现了蓖麻粗毒的凝胶电泳分离,并通过胶内酶切获得了蓖麻毒素的肽质量指纹谱(PMF);经过数据库检索,在输入检索的22条肽段中有17条获得了匹配。检索结果显示,利用生物质谱技术是鉴定蓖麻毒素的最有效的新方法之一。     

Comparison of pulse glow discharge‐ion mobility spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry based on multiplug filtration cleanup for the analysis of tricaine mesylate residues in fish and water

Analytical methods based on multiplug filtration cleanup coupled with pulse glow discharge‐ion mobility spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were developed for the analysis of tricaine mesylate residue in fish and fish‐raising water samples. A silica fiber holder and an appropriate new interface were designed to make the direct introduction of the fiber into the pulse glow discharge‐ion mobility spectrometry introduction mechanism. The multiplug filtration cleanup method with adsorption mixtures was optimized for the determination of tricaine mesylate in fish samples. Good linear relationships were obtained by the two methods. For fish samples, limits of detection were 6 and 0.6 μg/kg by ion mobility spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The matrix effect of the established liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was negligible for fish samples but that of the ion mobility spectrometry method was not. The two methods were compared. The ion mobility spectrometry system could be used a rapid screening tool on site with the advantage of rapidity, simplicity, and portability, and the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry system could be used for validation in laboratory conditions with the advantage of lower limit of detection, stability, and precision.     

Simultaneous quantitation of 17 female sex hormones in illegal products by validated liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods

The consumption of food and drugs adulterated with female sex hormones can have an extremely adverse effect on human health. Therefore, developing appropriate monitoring methods for the identification of various exogenous female sex hormones is crucial for minimizing and eliminating the related health risks. Herein, 17 female hormones categorized into two groups: estrogen and progestin, were analyzed using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap or triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The fragmentation patterns for all compounds were discovered, and fragmented structures were also derived from them through liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry followed by qualitative sample analysis. In addition, a quantitative analysis of 67 samples of illicit drugs and dietary supplements was performed using the validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Female hormone components were detected in two samples of an unauthorized injectable solution and a tablet-type drug. Medroxyprogesterone was detected in the samples in the range of 96.4–206 ng/g. Notably, eight components similar in structure to steroids were simultaneously detected as male sex hormones by confirming their fragmentation ion patterns using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. The developed methods thus offer a dependable and practically applicable approach for the screening and detection of exogenous female sex hormones in real food and drug samples to ensure public health.     

Glossary of terms for separations coupled to mass spectrometry

This document is a glossary of terms for separations coupled to mass spectrometry. It covers gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry and the sample introduction, ionization, and data analysis methods used with these combined techniques.     

Ion trap tandem mass spectrometric determination of F2-isoprostanes

A new tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method based on the use of an ion trap mass spectrometer for the identification and quantitation of F(2)-isoprostanes has been developed. It consists of two solid-phase extractions and two derivation steps followed by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (GC/NICI-MS/MS) analysis. This method is highly selective and sensitive and it has been successfully applied to biological samples.     

Rapid screening and determination of designer drugs in saliva by a nib‐assisted paper spray‐mass spectrometry and separation technique

A method for the rapid screening and determination of amphetamine‐type designer drugs in saliva by a novel nib‐assisted paper spray‐mass spectrometry procedure is described. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detections for amphetamine derivatives (model samples: o‐, m‐, p‐chloroamphetamine and o‐, m‐, p‐fluoroamphetamine, respectively) were determined to 0.1 μg/mL by the nib‐assisted paper spray‐mass spectrometry method. This method is easier and has a higher sensitivity than similar methodologies, including atmospheric pressure/matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and electrospray‐assisted laser desorption ionization/mass spectrometry. Data obtained using more classical separation methods, including liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, are also reported.     

合成多肽的电喷雾质谱研究

利用电喷雾多极串联质谱对3种合成多肽进行了系统的鉴定和分析研究。首先通过全扫描模式测定了其分子量，然后选择[M H]^ 或[M 2H]^2 离子通过串联质谱(MS／MS)得到碎片离子，采用y离子和b离子互补的方法测定了多肽序列。利用文献数据对这种方法进行了验证，实验结果表明，该方法简便、快速、实用。     

伴刀豆球蛋白亲和色谱柱的制备及其在糖蛋白核糖核酸酶B结构分析中的应用

通过对硅胶基质进行化学改性键合伴刀豆球蛋白(Con A),制备了对糖蛋白具有特异亲和作用的亲和色谱固定相;该固定相非特异性吸附弱,对于糖蛋白和糖肽的分离效果良好。对亲和色谱的分离条件进行了优化,以标准糖蛋白核糖核酸酶B(RNase B)为模型,对其进行了纯化;用糖苷酶切除糖链,并对切除糖链前后的RNase B用胰蛋白酶酶解;用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对亲和色谱分离得到的糖蛋白、糖链及糖肽进行了分析,确定了RNase B的一级结构、糖含量、糖基化位点及糖连接方式。该方法快速准确,适于糖蛋白和糖肽的分离表征。将其应用于血清中糖蛋白及酶解后血清中糖肽的分离富集,取得了很好的效果。